LESSON 1:

ACTIVITY 1: PUT IT IN THE BOX

Direction: Group the following words according to their uniformity and label them accordingly.

Stone Age Iron Age Bronze Age 800 BC

Flake tool smelting iron flaking Mining

Metallurgy alloy substance sickles

Australopithecus ferrous metallurgy Neolithic period

2nd period of prehistoric time 3rd period of prehistoric times

Smelting copper with iron

STONE AGE BRONZE AGE IRON AGE

800 BC 2nd period of prehistoric time 3rd period of prehistoric times

Australopithecus Neolithic period Ferrous metallurgy

Flaking Mining Sickles

Flaking tools Metallurgy Smelting iron

Smelting copper with iron Alloy substance

ACTIVITY 2: VENN DIAGRAM

Direction: Compare and contrast the different period (age) according to evidences of Science
and Technology during Pre- Historic times (3000 – 5000 B.C.). Show your answer by means of
Venn Diagram.

Stone Age: This period was

marked by which stone was
widely used to make tools
and implements.
Iron Age: The period of time in
Bronze Age:This period is the
prehistory when the dominant
beginning of mining and
tool making material was iron.
metallurgy. Bronze denotes the
Iron Age Technology is
first period in which metal was
characterized by the production
used, man began smelting copper
of tools and weaponry using
and alloying with tin or arsenic to
ferrous metallurgy or iron work
make bronze tools and weapons.
more specially from carbon
steel.

LESAON 2:
ACTIVITY 1: COMPARE AND CONTRAST

Direction: Compare and contrast the following.

1.

Sumerian Egyptian

The Sumerians were among the first The Nile River gave life to the civilization of
astronomers, mapping the movement of Egypt. The early settlers were animal hunters,
stars, planets and moon into sets of they were nomadic. Later changed their life style
constellations, many which survived in the to be farmland settlers. Agriculture supported by
zodiac and were also recognized by the extensive irrigation system. Ancient Egyptians
ancient Greeks. Sumerians were also learned to heat metal ore (copper, gold and
recognized for building the foundations of bronze and made weapon utensils. First people
logic, mathematics, engineering, to learn how to make glass (glass-blowing). They
architecture, agriculture, transportation and made glass jars and glass beads. Egyptian writing
medicine. The sumerian Developed wrote with ink and brushes on paper made of
systematized technique of farming: seed papyrus reeds; their writing was in the form of
plow and irrigation. They also had this pictorial symbols known as hieroglyphics. Their
Cuneiform which is the first writing system knowledge of human anatomy, physiology,
and Sumerian clay tablet which it contains surgery and medical plants them to master the
the Sumerian historical information and art and science of embalming their dead.
culture.

2.

Calligraphy Hieroglyphics

Calligraphy is the artistic process of forming The word hieroglyph literally means "sacred
beautiful symbols by hand and arranging them carvings". The Egyptians first used hieroglyphs
in a way that inscribes words that possess exclusively for inscriptions carved or painted
integrity, harmony, some sort of ancestry and on temple walls. This form of pictorial writing
rhythm. In this definition, integrity represents was also used on tombs, sheets of papyrus,
admirable proportions and design of letters wooden boards covered with a stucco wash,
and symbols in calligraphy images potsherds and fragments of limestone.

3.

Minoans Agriculture Egyptian Agriculture

Most of the Minoans lived in small villages and The Egyptians grew a variety of crops for
made their living from farming. They grew consumption, including grains, vegetables and
wheat, barley, grapes and olives. They raised fruits. However, their diets revolved around
goats, cattle, sheep and pigs. Minoan farmers several staple crops, especially cereals and
had to give part of their crops to the ruler as a barley. Other major grains grown included
tax. The Minoans raised cattle, sheep, pigs and einkorn wheat and emmer wheat, grown to
goats, and grew wheat, barley, vetch and make bread. The ancient Egyptians called this
chickpeas. They also cultivated grapes, figs and soil the "The Gift of the Nile". The Growing
olives, grew poppies for seed and perhaps Season: Farmers planted wheat, barley,
opium vegetables, figs, melons, pomegranates, corn,
and flax (which they used to make into linen.)
The Harvest Season: Once the crops were
harvested, what could be dried or stored was
stored.
4.

Sumerian Astronomy Egyptian Astronomy

The Sumerians were among the first Egyptian astronomy begins in prehistoric
astronomers, mapping the movement of stars, times, in the Predynastic Period. Astronomy
planets and moon into sets of constellations, played a considerable part in fixing the dates
many which survived in the zodiac and were of religious festivals and determining the hours
also recognized by the ancient Greeks. of night, and temple astrologers were
especially adept at watching the stars and
observing the conjunctions and risings of the
Sun, Moon, and planets, as well as the lunar
phases.

5.

Minoans construction/architecture Egyptian construction/architecture

Minoan architecture consists of several Egyptian civilization - Architecture. The ancient

structures which acted as centers for Egyptians built their pyramids, tombs, temples
commercial, religious, and administrative life. and palaces out of stone, the most durable of
Archaeologist have unearthed in Crete a all building materials. Egyptian architecture
Minoan landscape filled with tombs, palaces, Architecture developed since 3000 bc and
villas, towns and the roads that connected characterized by post and lintel construction,
them. massive walls covered with hieroglyphic and
pictorial carving, flat roofs, and structures such
as the mastaba, obelisk, pylon and the
Pyramids. Houses were built of clay or baked
bricks.

LESSON 3:

ACTIVITY 1: ANSWER ME

Direction: Answer the following questions.

1. What are the contributions of Persia to the development of science and technology?

Persian engineers also developed a more advanced wind-power machine, which was based off
the early Babylonian model, for irrigation (Mirrazavi). The Persian Empire also made a grieve
contribution to recent day mathematics. He also expanded upon past Indian and Persian
arithmetic systems (Mirrazavi). The Persians were the first people to establish regular routes of
communication between three continents—Africa, Asia and Europe. They built many new roads
and developed the world's first postal service

2. What is the difference between Socrates’s Skepticism and Platos’ Idealism?

Socrates (470 – 399 B.C) emphasized the study of human nature in relation to society;
established the theory of skepticism. While Plato dealt with the nature of the universe; ascribed
geometric forms composed of bounding planes to the elements of earth, fire, air and water
based upon their physical properties.

3. Explain the contribution and influence made by Galen in the development of science and
technology.

Galen influenced the development of various scientific disciplines, including anatomy,

physiology, pathology, and neurology as well as physiology and logic. His most important
discovery was that arteries carry blood although he did not discover circulation. Galen was
prolific, with hundreds of treatises to his name. He compiled all significant Greek and Roman
medical thought to date, and added his own discoveries and theories.

4. Compare and contrast the theory of Ptolemy and Copernicus.

Ptolemy made the best model he could with the assumption that Earth was the center of the
universe, but by letting that assumption go, Copernicus came up with a much simpler model.
Before people would accept that Copernicus was right, they needed to accept that the Sun was
the center of the solar system. In Ptolemy model, the Earth was at the center and all planets
revolve around it. In Copernicus model, Sun was at the center and all the planets revolve around
the sun.

5. What are the contributions made by Archimedes?

Archimedes performs experiments which led him to discover the laws of the lever and the pulley
that resulted in the invention of machines which could easily move leads

6. What are the significance of aqueducts, dams, roads and bridges built by the Romans?

The Romans constructed aqueducts throughout their Republic and later Empire, to bring water
from outside sources into cities and towns. Aqueduct water supplied public baths, latrines,
fountains, and private households; it also supported mining operations, milling, farms, and
gardens.

ACTIVITY 2:

1. Make a letter of the scientist or Philosophers showing your appreciation of the contributions
made by them.

Dear Aristotle,

I really appreciate your contributions to all fields of philosophy and science, and also I want to
thank you because you invented the field of formal logic, and appreciate how you identified the
various scientific disciplines and explored their relationships to each other. I appreciate all your
contribution, you also created a basis for a great deal of today's scientific knowledge, such as
the classification of organisms and objects. Though erroneous by current standards, his four-
element system of nature (i.e. minerals, plants, animals, and humans) has guided scientists for
centuries in the study of biology.

Sincerely;

Judy-ann E. Aday

LESSON 4:

ACTIVITY 1: BLOG IT

Direction: Choose one remarkable development from Arabic, Chines and Hindu science and
technology and make a flyer/poster interpreting their contributions.

ONE OF THE REMARKABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ARABIC

 Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Zakariya al-Razi (865-925)

Among his many other volumes of medical surveys, perhaps the most famous are the
Al-Tibb al-Mansuri and Kitab al-Hawi fil Tibb – a huge medical encyclopedia, translated
ONE OF THE
into REMARKABLE
Latin DEVELOPMENT
and published OFunder
in Sicily in 1279 CHINESE
the title Continens. It summed up all
the medical knowledge gleaned from all sources up to the 10th century and was used
as a medical source text in Europe until the sixteenth century.

Instructions for making

ONE OF THE REMARKABLE DEVELOPMENT OF HINDU
astronomical instruments
from the time of the Qing
Dynasty.

The Idea of Zero

Little needs to be written about the mathematical digit ‘zero’, one of

the most important inventions of all time. Mathematician Aryabhata
was the first person to create a symbol for zero and it was through his
efforts that mathematical operations like addition and subtraction
started using the digit, zero. The concept of zero and its integration into
the place-value system also enabled one to write numbers, no matter
how large, by using only ten symbols.
ACTIVITY 2: MATCHING TYPE

Direction: Write the correct letter of your answer on the space provided before the number.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

e 1. Trigonometry, Sine, Tangent, Co- Tangent A. Zhang Heng

c 2. Algebra and Geometry B. Haaroon Ar-Rasheed

a 3. Invention of the pendulum of a water clock C. Ibn Moosa Al-Khawaarizmi

f 4. Theory of relativity D. “Oracle bones”

d 5. Chinese writing on bones E. Ibn Moosaa

F. Qaadhi Abu Bakr

LESSON 5:

ACTIVITY 1: COMPLETE THE TABLE.

Direction: Provide the necessary information to complete the table.

Olmec Civilization Mayan Civilization Aztec Civilization

Present day The first great The Maya civilization Aztec, self name Culhua-Mexica,
Mesoamerican developed in the area that Nahuatl-speaking people who in
Location civilization. Thy thrived today comprises southeastern the 15th and early 16th centuries
along Southern gulf coast Mexico, all of Guatemala and ruled a large empire in what is now
of Mexico. Belize, and the western central and southern Mexico. The
portions of Honduras and El Aztecs are so called from Aztlán
Salvador. (“White Land”), an allusion to their
origins, probably in northern
Mexico

Agriculture The Olmecs practiced The Maya created arable land Agriculture, along with trade and
basic agriculture using the by using a "slash-and-burn" tribute, formed the basis of the
"slash-and-burn" technique to clear the forests. Aztec Empir. Three crops formed
technique, in which They planted maize and the staples of the Aztec diet: maize,
overgrown plots of land secondary crops such as or corn, beans and squash. Each of
are burned: this clears beans, squash, and tobacco. these three plants assists the
them for planting and the In the highlands to the west, others when they are grown
ashes act as fertilizer. they terraced the slopes on together. For example, corn takes
They planted many of the mountainsides; in the nitrogen from the soil, which beans
same crops seen in the lowlands, they cleared the then replace.
region today, such as jungle for planting.
squash, beans, manioc,
sweet potatoes, and
tomatoes.

Astronomy/ Archaeologists believe The heyday of Maya The Aztecs astronomy were
that the calendar was astronomy was in the 8th observers of nature in all its cycles:
Claendars constructed from century CE, and Maya the stars, the passing of the
astronomical data built daykeepers published seasons , and the birth and death
from observations of the astronomical tables tracking of plant and animal life.
movements of the the movements of celestial
evening star Venus and bodies on the walls of a The Aztec Calendars
solar eclipses.They used special structure at Xultun, There were two calendar systems
20-day months, and had Guatemala in the early 9th used by the Aztecs. The first was
two calendar years: the century the solar year, or the 365 day cycle,
260-day Sacred Round, or
Maya calendars, mythology which was divided up into 18
tzolkin, and the 365-day
Vague Year, or haab. and astrology were integrated months of 20 days each, with 5
into a single system of belief. leftover days (called "nemontemi"
These two calendars
coincided every 52 years. The Maya observed the sky which were deemed to be bad luck.
and calendars to predict solar The second calendar was a 260 day
and lunar eclipses, the cycles cycle made up of 20 day signs
of the planet Venus, and the (named mostly after aspects of
movements of the nature), and 13 numbers. These
constellations. two cycles can be represented
schematically as two intermeshing
 "gears".

Tools and Tools were mostly made The Mayans had both long- Aztec warriors, who were taught
of stone and include basic distance weapons and melee from childhood in weapons
Weapons items such as hammers, weapons. The long distance handling, were expert users of
wedges, mortar-and- ones included bow and arrow, clubs, bows, spears, and darts.
pestles and mano-and- blowgun, slings and throwing Protection from the enemy was
metate grinders used for spears. When the atlatl or provided via round shields
mashing corn and other spear thrower was brought to (chimalli) and, more rarely,
grains. Obsidian was not the Mayans from Teotihuacan helmets. Clubs or swords
native to the Olmec lands, around 400 A.D., it was (macuahuitl) were studded with
but when it could be had, quickly adopted and became fragile but super-sharp obsidian
it made excellent knives the Mayans' dominant long blades
distance weapon.

Medicine Medicine in Mayan medical practice was a Aztec medicine concerns the body
Mesoamerican cultures complex blend of mind, body, of knowledge, belief and ritual
began in the year 1,500 religion, ritual and science. surrounding human health and
BC and ended with the Mayan medical texts are sickness, as observed among the
conquest and destruction devoted to the treatment of Nahuatl-speaking people in the
of Mexico-Tenochtitlan in symptoms based upon the Aztec realm of central Mexico. The
1521 by the Spanish effects of certain herbal Aztecs knew of and used an
conquerors. All these remedies which could be extensive inventory consisting of
works described the use swallowed, smoked, snorted, hundreds of different medicinal
of plants and herbs in the rubbed on the skin, and even herbs and plants. A variety of
treatment of diseases, given as enemas. Depending indigenous Nahua and
including edema, urinary on the ailment, plants were Novohispanic written works
retention, kidney stones, boiled and used in herbal survived from the conquest and
and podagra. The Aztec drinks and/or baths, eaten later colonial periods that describe
doctors (Titici) were well raw, snorted, smoked, or aspects of the Aztec system and
acquainted with inserted into one of the practice of medicine and its
innumerable diseases and body's orifices. Common remedies, incantations, practical
were excellent healers of plants used for medicine administration, and cultural
wounds and fractures. include, but are not limited to, underpinnings. Elements of
chili peppers, cacao, tobacco, traditional medicinal practices and
agave, and the pitarilla tree. beliefs are still found among
modern-day Nahua communities,
often intermixed with European or
other later influences.

Other Contributions. The Olmecs The Ancient Mayans The Aztecs were also advanced in
Scientific were apparently the first developed the science of the development of medicine. In
Development Mesoamerican people to astronomy, calendar systems, fact, Aztec medicine was found in
fathom the concept of and hieroglyphic writing. They many forms, such as ointments,
zero, develop a calendar, were also known for creating drinks, and salves. The Incas
and create a hieroglyphic elaborate ceremonial developed thousands of techniques
writing system. Also, they architecture, such as for metalwork, stonework, and
are credited for the pyramids, temples, palaces, cloth. They were precise and
discovery of the first and observatories. These talented.
conduit drainage system structures were all built
known in the Americas. without metal tools.

LESSON 6:
ACTIVITY 1: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. Choose at least 3 inventions from the Medieval Ages that strikes you most?

• Hourglass

• wheelbarrow

• Oil plant

2. Choose at least three inventions from the Medieval Ages whom you think have the least
importance? Justify your answer.

For me the least important inventions from the Medieval Ages are chess, blast furnace and
mirror. Blast Furnace I feel that the speed advantage of a blast furnace is not really worth the
additional cost of crafting it, the reduction in XP yield, and the limitation to only smelting metals.
So there is very little benefit to using a blast furnace over a traditional furnace. For me chess
also is least importance because when someone is playing chess, overweight and obesity may
become a problem, and also it lacks of physical exercises and it takes so much time to learn. Last
is mirror why I choose mirror as the least import invention, because for me mirror can lessen the
self-esteem of a person who don't had a good looking, he/she will end up looking down to there
self.

3. Choose at least three inventions which you think are most valuable for survival of a human
being? Justify your answer.

I choose the tide well, artesian well, Heavy wheeled plough. I choose tide well because Tidal
mills were built in order to make grinding grain in mills easier, people were able to mass grind
the seeds into flour and it became a much easier process making the grain much more valuable.
It helped grain become even more of a staple food. Artesian well It is important to prevent
wastewater and human or animal waste being deposited anywhere near the well, as it could
penetrate the soil and potentially pollute the water table. If the well is used for drinking water
and to water livestock, the watering place for the livestock must be well away from the well.
The invention of the heavy plough made it possible to harness areas with clay soil, and clay soil
was more fertile than the lighter soil types. This led to prosperity and literally created a breeding
ground for economic growth and cities – especially in Northern Europe

LESSON 7-8:

ACTIVITY 1: COMPARE AND CONTRAST

1. Plate tectonic and continental drift theory.

The difference between continental drift and plate tectonics is that the theory of continental
drift states that the world was made up of a single continent. The theory of plate-tectonics, on
the other hand, states that earth's surface is broken into numbers of shifting plates or slabs. The
similarities would be the movement and they are both apart of one large theory

2. X-rays and radioactivity

Radioactive sources are unstable materials that generate gamma rays as they decay. X-rays are
generated in a vacuum tube where high voltage is used to accelerate electrons to a high
velocity, that then collide with a metal target, an anode creating X-rays. Both forms of ionizing
radiation are almost identical with exception to their source of origination.

3. The work of Charles Darwin and Gregor Mendel

Charles Darwin proposed the natural selection as an explanation of evolution. While Gregor
Mendel’s- Theory of Genetics

4. Gas lighting and glass making

Gas lighting is the large-scale introduction of this was the work of William Murdoch, an
employee of Boulton and Watt. The first gas lighting utilities were established in London
between 1812 and 1820. While Glass production involves two main methods – the float glass
process that produces sheet glass, and glassblowing that produces bottles and other containers.
It has been done in a variety of ways during the history of glass.

5. Alchemy and metallurgy

Alchemy is the very old study and philosophy of how to change basic substances (such as
metals) into other substances. Some alchemists used metals (like gold or silver) to represent
spiritual or occult ideas. People in many different countries studied alchemy. While Metallurgy is
a major change in the metal industries during the era of the Industrial Revolution was the
replacement of wood and other bio-fuels with coal.

ACTIVITY 2: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. Identify and explain the various remarkable inventions in the 20th Century.

There can be no doubt that the twentieth century is one of the most remarkable in human
history for its previously unparalleled rate of technological advances and scientific discoveries, a
rate that continues to this day. In fact, there were so many new gadgets invented and
discoveries made in the last century that it’s difficult to pare the list down to just the ten (which
is why there will be a number of glaring omissions from my list). However, I think I have
managed to whittle it down to those ten innovations or technologies that have had the greatest
influence: The Internet, Radio, television, Antibiotics, submarine, Rocketry, Automobile,
Airplane, Personal computer, Nuclear Power. These are the top 10 various remarkably
inventions in 20th cwntuey

2. How these inventions give impacts in your daily lives? Justify your answer.

Society has always been impacted by the Technology that was been invented. Each invention
has affected how people relate to one another and how cultures have expanded or ended.
Technologies are the reason a few people are very rich, that people are more social, and that
teaching and learning is changing. Technology affects the way individuals communicate, learn,
and think. It helps society and determines how people interact with each other on a daily
basis. ... It's made learning more interactive and collaborative, this helps people better engage
with the material that they are learning and have trouble with.

3. If none of these inventions are present today, what would happen? Explain your answer.

Furthermore, imagine a world without those inventions and how it will affect the population
who used to adapt to various kind of technology. In conclusion, if there is no inventions to the
world, it will go dull and the students and other people are like living in a world without a useful
resources and lack of information. If there's no inventions the human kind will remain strenuous
in everything they do. Without technology,only few vehicles will be made and few buildings as
well. In general, if technology dies not exist, the world will not be as easy and as prosperous as
today

ACTIVITY 3: MIND MAP

Direction: Create a mind map about the historical event of Science, Technology and Society.
 Radiation

Cancer Hydrogen Energy Nuclear Energy

Explosives
Medicine
Laser Treatment Weapons
Energy

Defense
Health
Machines
Radio
Cars
Television Science Planes
Communicatio
Industry
n Technology Robots
Mobile Phones Society
Cumputer

Interact Buildings
Natural Events
Education

Studying Instructions Finding Global Tsunamis Solar Eclipse

Resources warming