Design and Development of a Fuzzy Based Greenhouse Monitoring System using

Smart Farming Technology: An Application of Internet of Things

A Design Project

Presented to the Faculty of Engineering

Tanauan City College

Trapiche Tanauan City Batangas

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering

Cajandab, Jemimah H.

De Chavez, Wilfredo I.

Mendoza, Christine Marie

Paner, Larah S.

Velasco, Eracamille A.

December 2020

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Agriculture was the key development in the rise of human sedentary human

civilization, whereby farming is the creation of food surpluses that enabled people to live

in cities. Nascent farmers began to plant after gathering wild grains beginning at least

105,000 years ago. Thus far, farming is one of the common sources of income in the

Philippines. It is the process in which the crops are needed to grow in suitable condition.

Crops have become the primary method of feeding humans in every corner of the world.

They are meant for food distribution and human consumption. To grow plants, they

need to have light (sunlight), water, proper temperature and nutrients.

Traditional methods of farming involve the use of homegrown knowledge, natural

resources and agricultural machinery such as hand tools, power tools and other farm

implements. It is tedious and the rate of production is low. This method of planting crops

is still used up to now by about 50% of the agricultural population.

However, increasing the production of food crops is quite difficult due to some

factors such as climate change, poor farming method and techniques, seasonal

production of vegetables, human activities, pests and diseases. These factors have a

great impact in raising the crops productivity. It lessens the regular supply of food crops,

affects the farmer's income and also the economy of a country.

That’s why, innovating of modern greenhouses are the best way to increase the

crops productivity. This technology is quick and efficient. It utilized for microclimate

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technology, lightning and can be connect into a computer to monitor and control the

plants easily.

Agriculture is a science or practice of farming that domesticate plants and

animals to produce food to enable people to live. The essential goal of greenhouse is to

produce agricultural product outside the development season. They offer appropriate

microclimate for plants and make possible development and fruiting, where it is

impossible in open fields and used to protect the crops from extreme temperature,

calamity and vermin. This is the reason why greenhouse so called "controlled

environment greenhouse".

As of now, technology is growing rapidly wherein it serves as the essence of

innovation, which goes through significant transformation. In today’s generation,

automatic control system is a necessity wherein it is an application of control

assumption for advancement with no direct human interference. Nowadays, automatic

control system is a fundamental in industrial applications because of its importance in

the execution of a certain controller with a desired set of values despite of its expected

complication.

Fuzzy logic is reserved for logical reasoning with vague statements introduced by

Lofti Zadeh. It came from a combination of the theory of fuzzy sets and a form of many

valued logic wherein the truth values represent by 0 or 1. It used to represent,

manipulate and execute the non-specific data. Through this technology, it has the

potential to control real-time problems that intimate the adaption of hardware

applications.

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 Consequently, the greenhouse technology was proposed in this project. This

device is run through an application with a set of requirements for each part. It can be

control and monitor using fuzzy logic based to develop a smart and remotely accessible

through Android-based interface. It utilized to improve the specific amount of

temperature and humidity equivalence. The watering system used was drip irrigated

and waters crop depending to the moisture of the specific crop and the condition of the

soil. It has an automatic valve for water reservoir, temperature controller that depends

on the humidity of the air and exhaust fan for the better ventilation of the whole

greenhouse. It also has an artificial sunlight using red and blue T8 tube lamps and

secondary source of power by having a few pieces of solar panels that provide

electricity in case of brownouts.

Statement of the Problem

This project is design to develop a greenhouse technology which helps to

overcome the failure of crops to prevent the possible consequences that may affect the

consumers, farmers and economy. The common problems encountered by farmers in

growing their crops are the following:

1) The adverse climatic conditions are too harsh for the growth of crops.

2) Over watering of plants result to improper condition of soil which attracts more

bacteria that could easily destroy crops.

3) Lack of sunlight due to unpredictable weather condition delays the productivity of

crops.

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 Objectives of the Study

This project is to design and develop a better greenhouse monitoring system that

will maximize the production for each crop.

Specifically, this study aims to:

1) Realize fuzzy logic algorithm to a device that will maintain a suitable climate in

order to cultivate the crop on its best condition.

2) Create a program that will grant the specific water requirements of each crops in

order to prevent them from dying.

3) Innovate and capture a data that will provide an artificial sunlight using Red and

Blue LED Bulb whenever necessary despite the volatile weather.

Significance of the Study

The purpose of greenhouse farming is to provide suitable condition of crops to

protect them from unfavorable weather and various pests. It enables effective

management and reduces risks caused by unfavorable weather conditions, allow farmer

to grow crops outside of the typical season and offer the possibility to take the complete

control of the crop production.

Farmers: It will be beneficial for the farmers if they are using greenhouse

techniques in farming. They can extend the growing season of their plants. They

will be able to control the proper temperature for their plants inside the

greenhouse. Because of these, they have the opportunity to offer a wide variety

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 of vegetable even in off season and a greater availability for the consumers if the

market has a low supply of vegetables and fruits.

Government: The crucial thought is to build the development of various

assortments of yields with great quality in a closed environment7 normally a

Greenhouse. The proposed framework can screen the adjustments in

temperature, humidity and soil moisture by incorporating the sensor components

can be utilized to examine agricultural information. The authentication of mobile

application innovate the greenhouse system is can be used to monitor the

parameters, get latest agricultural updates of schemes and news, market crop

rates, weather information etc. Government Market crop prices provided will

prevent farmer from being exploited by middlemen's greediness.

Future Researchers: In addition to encompassing boundaries, smart

greenhouses enable farmers to keep over their harvest conditions. This

guarantees irrigation exercises are comparable to the real necessities of

developed plants for expanded yields. For example, readings on soil volumetric

water content show whether harvests are under water stress. Based on this

information, sprinkler and spraying system can be automatically turn on to

address ongoing harvest requests while limiting manual intercession.

Scope

This study is all about the use of better greenhouse instead of traditional farming.

The data collected came only from farmers in the city of Tanauan. In this study, the

researchers make used of the MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox for creating and designing

the fuzzy logic interference system. In this study, the proponents used Sugeno Style

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fuzzy logic interference system with triangular membership functions. The parameters

are classified into three inputs namely: “Temperature”, “Humidity” and “Soil Moisture”

with value ranges “22 degree C – 30 degree C”, “0 to 100%” and “0 to 1024 analog”

values respectively. In the fuzzy logic algorithm, the triangular membership functions of

the FLC will be created and each category has three (3) classifications such as “Low”,

“Medium”, “High”. After creating membership functions, the next process is to set up

fuzzy rules where the control variable is set according to the ranges of the inputs and

variables. After that, defuzzification process is created using the centroid. The voltage

output will be the crisp output of the FLC.

This project used several components to manipulate the crops inside the

greenhouse. It makes the production of crops to grow well especially at unpredictable

weather. It used NodeMCU as the main heart of all the devices where sensors are

connected in its internal and external ports, the red and blue T8 tube lights will serve as

an artificial sunlight for the plants, a solenoid valve is connected to a transistor switching

circuit which will turn on and off the supply of water that will be the source of the water

tank of the study. Ultrasonic sensor will be used as the water level measurement of the

tank. The pump is connected to the relay that supplies the watering of the crops. It also

used solar panel as the alternate source of power in case of brownout. It has ventilation

system too through the use of exhaust fan. It helps to prevent the air temperature inside

the greenhouse from rising too high especially during summer and protect crops from

diseases, pests and aid proper humidity management. This greenhouse project is

controlled using blynk application. The farming system is composed of three soil beds

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with three slots for each crop. The crops that will be planted were lettuce, broccoli, and

tomato.

Limitations and Delimitations

The Blynk application provides only 2000 gold token on every new project. Each

component within the device uses a certain amount of token for them to be operated.

On the other side, it can only be access with internet connection. One of the system’s

features is to notify the user concerning the security and control of their greenhouse. To

apprise the user, the data will be sent to the user’s mobile through blynk application. But

the transmission quality of the device depends on the potent signal within the location.

In case of power interruption, the system provides a secondary power supply (solar

panel) to continue the task. Weather condition may affect the ability of solar panel to

conserve enough energy from sunlight. If power supply is discharged system may lead

to failure.

The system makes use of artificial sunlight to simulate the absence of natural

sunlight inside the greenhouse. Discharged secondary power supply will restrict the use

of artificial sunlight.

The solenoid valve will also turn off automatically if it reached the certain water

requirement based on the assigned soil moisture value.

Definition of Terms

Android Phone – it is a high-technology smart phone developed by google that

is running on the android operating system.

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 Microcontroller – it is a computer present in a single integrated circuit assigned

to perform and executes a specific task and especially designed for embedded

applications and control electronic devices.

Arduino IDE – is an open-source electronic platform based on easy-to-use

hardware and software. It is use to write and upload programs that is written in functions

from C and C++.

NodeMCU - is an open-source platform LUA based firmware developed for the

ESP8266 Wi-Fi chip. It has Arduino like analog and digital pins on its board.

Blynk – this platform allows the user to quickly control and monitor the hardware

projects through android device

MATLAB – it is a 4th generation programming language and numerical analysis;

it includes matrix calculation data visualization creating user interfaces and developing

and running algorithms.

Fuzzy Logic – it is design for logical modeling with vague statements introduced

by Zadeh (1965). It allows multiple values to be process through the same variable.

Greenhouse – A process of cultivating crops effectively. It is structure with walls

and roof made of transparent material.

Internet of Things (IoT) – is evolved due to combination of multiple

technologies, real-time analytics, machine learning, commodity sensors and embedded

systems. It is used for connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems

over the internet.

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 Sensors – these devices are frequently used to detect and respond to electrical

or optical signals and convert the physical parameter into signal which can be measured

electrically.

Artificial Sunlight – it is the use of a light source to simulate sunlight when

natural sunlight is infeasible.

CHAPTER II

RELATED LITERATURE

Control Based on the Temperature and Moisture, Using the Fuzzy Logic

In this study, this system allows the user to check the climatic condition and gives

command to the sub-systems inside the greenhouse using SMS. The atmosphere

sensors are bundled utilizing the electronic circuits, and the entire is being interfaced

with guides of acquisitions through a radio recurrence association. These sensors give

data used to the control of ventilation, warming and water siphoning by SMS. The

acquisitions sheets contain fuzzy controllers who deal with the atmosphere for local

agricultural greenhouses. The strategy used in our system offers the user an ideal

control and checking without heading out to the place where the greenhouse is located,

through the use of mobile phone. Also, the user will be able to see anytime the condition

of greenhouse climate by means of send and receive SMS function.

Observer based fuzzy and PID controlled smart greenhouse

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 In this paper, it focuses on smart greenhouse with execution of PID and fuzzy

logic controllers. In this work, novel spectator configuration is introduced which control

the various boundaries in greenhouse. The factors are chosen to expand the yield of

greenhouse can be utilized in indoor breeding and planting. Control activities are

performed based on combination of various factors to advance the energy utilization

and water use. Through the use of MATLAB Simulink models, proportional–integral–

derivative regulator for humidity and temperature planned. Fuzzy inference framework is

schemed for Carbon dioxide enrichment.

IOT Based Smart Greenhouse Automation Using Arduino

This project describes the design of a greenhouse monitoring & controlling

system based on IOT using Arduino. Some of the past frameworks utilized android

phone to monitor the greenhouse however needed to control it utilizing android from far

off areas. One of them depended on Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)

wherein notifications are sent by means of SMS. However, there is disadvantages of

this system because client needed to type commands each time which is time

consuming and costly. Perhaps, farmers cannot know which activity needs to take the

control of environment and may take the wrong actions which can harm the plants

inside the greenhouse. This system will allow the user to take proper decisions by

providing the status of the sensors to the farmer with accurate information through the

IOT web server. Thus, this system helps farmer to control green house from remote

locations.

Agricultured Automatic Drip Irrigation System

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 Based on this study, drip irrigation system is one of the significant region which

influences the work of farmers straightforwardly. The drip irrigation system framework

will build the efficiency of the yield. Fertilizers used in irrigation are recommended by

various agriculture universities will help the farmer to increase the productivity. The drip

irrigation system assists with sparing the water and increment the effectiveness of

harvest. Drip irrigation sends an even, deep supply of water straight to the root zone of

the plant without waste or excess. Its consumption is up to 50% less water than ordinary

frameworks, it saves the plants from the pressure caused by the wet-dry cycles of

overhead watering and minimizes erosion, leaf burn, mold, fungal diseases and soil

compression. Drip irrigation also reduces weeds by watering deeply instead of on the

surface.

Second-generation LED-artificial sunlight source system

This research explains the prototype of a second-generation light-emitting diode

(LED)-artificial sunlight source system that can produce spectral power distributions

(SPDs) of the same level as full irradiation, within a wavelength range of 385–940 nm,

of ground level sunlight (GLS) as well as SPDs modified arbitrarily by application of

different voltages to LEDs and using 32 different peak wavelengths. The second-

generation prototype can produce an irradiance of greater than 750 W m-2 for 385–940

nm at the light outlet with an area of 7.1 cm2 with a high approximation accuracy of

produced SPDs to their target SPDs that we desire to produce. The second-generation

prototype also has user-friendly graphical interfaces for producing the desired single

(static) and time-varying (dynamic) light production with different SPDs.

Fuzzy Based Temperature Control of Greenhouse

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 These Greenhouses should provide a controlled environment for plant production

with sufficient sunlight, temperature and humidity. Better growing conditions are

achieved in greenhouses mainly by maintaining a higher internal ambient as compared

with external temperature. Thus, the greenhouse heater requirements depend upon the

amount of heat loss from the structure. The proposed scheme measures the on-line

sequential data of temperature from the greenhouse and the heating power is

recursively updated based on the energy balance of an elementary volume of

greenhouse air by using intelligent controllers. Simulation results of the greenhouse

dynamics illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme without the exact

mathematical model of the plant.

The Control of Greenhouses Based on Fuzzy Logic Using Wireless Sensor

Network

Greenhouses cannot be easily controlled because their climate parameters are

interrelated. This study contributes to increasing the quality and yield of greenhouses by

saving time, energy, light and water consumption via measuring and controlling the

climate parameters that are effective in forming climate factors in greenhouses. The

greenhouse climate variables including temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture and

light intensity were measured by a realistic sensor application. In this way, several

sensor nodes, that belong to the nodal packages were distributed to a wireless sensor

network (WSN) constructed in a star topology. In addition, the data obtained from the

nodes, have been controlled and monitored with the fuzzy logic-based control strategy

proposed as a developing, smart and remotely accessible Android-based interface. The

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proposed method has been analyzed, and its performances have been evaluated in

terms of the benefits of both the user and the greenhouse.

Fuzzy Logic Controller for Effective Irrigation Based on Field Soil Moisture and
Availability of Water

In this paper we propose fuzzy logic controller for effective irrigation based on field soil

moisture and availability of water. Fuzzy logic controller is designed using Mamdani

rule to switches on/off irrigation motor based on field soil moisture level and well water

level. MATLAB tool is used to simulate fuzzy controller using Mamdani model. Linguistic

variable for soil moisture level and well water level is declared. Membership intervals

for linguistic variable are set and the system is experimented by varying inputs. Results

show that the proposed system is effective in irrigating agriculture fields by considering

availability of well water and field soil moisture conditions.

Development of a Fuzzy Logic Controller for Air Conditioning System

This study aims to describe the development of an algorithm for air condition control

system based on Fuzzy logic (FL) to provide the conditions necessary for comfort living

inside a building. The simulation of the system for controlling the air conditioning system

used the MATLAB Fuzzy logic algorithm with seven classifications of membership

functions such as very cold (VC), cold (CD), cool (CL), good (GD), warm (WM), hot

(HT), and very hot (VH). The system was developed to maintain the room temperature

at or close to the set point temperature. The system uses two sensors such as one to

monitor temperature and another one to monitor humidity. The Fuzzy Logic Controller

was used in controlling compressor motor speed and fan speed. The application of the

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system offers the potential for substantial energy savings or energy efficiency. The

system has two inputs which is the temperature error (e) for controlling the compressor

motor speed and the difference temperature error (Δe) for controlling the fan motor

speed of the conditioning room temperature humidity inside the room.

FPGA Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Temperature Control

This paper describes the Fuzzy Logic Control system implemented in FPGA using

VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language). Field Programmable Gate Array

(FPGA) is used as hardware platform, because FPGA allows very high logic capacity. It

also offers more flexibility than ASICs, as when a design is not needed any more; the

chip can be reprogrammed for a new hardware. Thus, making FPGA based systems

adaptable and can be reprogrammed a number of times. The FLC can also keep the

temperature constant at the desired value regardless of changes in the load or

environment. As a result, overshooting the problem can be solved up to a great extent.

Control systems as such can be used in many different industrial applications.

CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE

Greenhouse Covering Materials

Based on the book of “All about Greenhouse”, one of the most important things

to consider in creating greenhouses is the material for the greenhouse to cover. The

best covering allows in the extreme amount of light while allowing the least amount of

warmth to escape. It should be durable and involve a minimum of maintenance. It varies

from 78 percent to 93 percent of visible light transmission for usual covering materials.

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There is 1 percent of reduction of plant growth in every 1 percent depletion of light

receive of plants during winter. The covering material chosen should be made with care.

Sunlight passing through the covering materials can either be direct or diffuse. There

are several types of glazing materials such as glass, polycarbonate, acrylic, fiberglass-

reinforced plastic and plastic film.

Figure 2.1 Covering Materials

Ventilation System

According to the book of “Greenhouse Gardener Companion: Growing Food and

Flowers in Your Greenhouse and Sunspace” ventilating is the best way to correct the

overheating inside the greenhouse. It is best to create a natural cross-flow of air having

high and low vents. There is a rule for sizing ventilation in solar greenhouses. It needs

to have an overall venting area equal to 25 to 30 percent of the total area of covering.

There are also greenhouses that get with just submissive ventilation, wherein the cool

air launch into low and exiting high will do the job in cooling the whole greenhouse. This

is the perfect condition, yet usually happens only with cooler summer areas. There are

rules in using greenhouse fans. First is to put it at high, second is to set to deplete the

air out preferably than puffing the air in.

Plant Factory Using Artificial Sunlight

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 As stated in the book of “Plant Factory Using Artificial Sunlight: Adapting to

Environmental Disruption and Clues to Agricultural Innovation”, the cultivation of crops

based on experienced under the unstable conditions in open fields become

conspicuous due to torrential rain and hot summers. That's why, it needs to have a

science-based agriculture to cultivate and control the production of crops. Having an

artificial type of sunlight in plant factories produces the growing environment and can

boost the crops productivity especially in the case of leaf vegetables that can be

nurtured by artificial light based on the energy viability. There are few sources of

artificial light, the main types are incandescent or arc lamps, lamps based on discharge

of gas T8, and light-emitting diodes

IncandescentLamp Light-emitting Diode T8 Tube Lamps

Figure 2.2 Artificial Sunlight

Water system using solenoid valve

Based on the article of “Greenhouse and Floriculture: Keep Your Water System

Operating Smoothly”, all segments of a water system need to work appropriately to get

the ideal measure of water to the plants. Similarly, as with other hardware frameworks,

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regular preventive maintenance should be done to keep it trouble-free and reduce

breakdowns to a minimum. Electric solenoid valves are used to automate irrigations

systems. Besides dirt that can be trapped under the washer or in the valve mechanism,

dust and dirt can also affect the operation of the plunger in the solenoid. This should be

dismantled and cleaned with a dissolvable. In manual valves, the pressing nut around

the stem must be fixed every so often or the valve seat supplanted.

Solar panel system

According to the article of “Components of a solar power system”, the technology

to convert sunlight into electricity was developed in the 19th century, but it was only in

the second half of the 20th century that development accelerated behind the need to

provide reliable supplies of electricity. The main components of a solar power system

are photovoltaic (PV) panels, a DC to AC power converter (called an inverter) and a

rack system that holds the PV panels in place. Solar PV panels on the roofs of homes

and businesses generate clean electricity when light energy hits them. This conversion

takes place within the cells of solar panels which are specially fabricated, usually of

silicon.

Related
Title Author Description Hardware Software Controller
Literature

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 This paper refers
to the design and
implementation of
remote control
Control Based on
A. Hilali, based
the Temperature
H. Alami experimental Fuzzy
1 and Moisture, N/A N/A
and A. greenhouses. It Logic
Using the Fuzzy
Rahali contains fuzzy
Logic
controllers set to
manage the
climate for local
greenhouses.

Gopal
Chaudhar MATLAB
y, This paper Simulink
Field
Observer based Surinder focuses on smart PID
Programm and
fuzzy and PID Kaur, greenhouse with controller
2 able Gate NIOS
controlled smart Bhawna application of and Fuzzy
Array soft core
greenhouse Mehta fuzzy logic and Logic
(FPGA) CPU (C
and PID controllers.
Rachna language
Tewani

This paper
Prof. implies the
D.O.Shirs design and
ath, implementation of
Punam IOT based smart
IOT Based Smart
Kamble, greenhouse Arduino Arduino
Greenhouse
3 Rohini through the IDE (C or N/A
Automation UNO
Mane, control of Arduino C++)
Using Arduino
Ashwini and the utilization
Kolap and of android
Prof.R.S. phones for
More keeping track of
their greenhouse.

Drip irrigation
Mr. S.G. system was
Agricultured Galande expound in this
4 Automatic Drip and Dr. paper, it involved N/A N/A N/A
Irrigation System G.H. the benefits and
Agrawal advantage of drip
irrigation

5 Second- Kazuhiro This research LED N/A PID Control

generation LED- Fujiwara, describes the Module
artificial sunlight Kensuke development of
source system Eijima second-
and Akira generation LED-
Yano artificial sunlight
source system.

19
 The prototype
was configured to
produce the
desired light
source for the
specific
application.

This paper
addresses the
design and
control of
greenhouse
Fuzzy Based Revathi S.
temperature
Temperature and Fuzzy
6 through the use N/A MATLAB
Control of Sivakuma Logic
of fuzzy logic. It
Greenhouse ran N.
illustrates the
effectiveness of
well-developed
and controlled
greenhouse.

The study
developed the
application that
monitors and MATLAB
The Control of Arduino
manages the Simulink,
Greenhouses Özlem UNO,
greenhouse Arduino
Based on Fuzzy Alpay and XBEE Fuzzy
7 through fuzzy IDE (C
Logic Using Ebubekir Router Logic
logic and wireless or C++)
Wireless Sensor Erdem and
communication
Network sensors
technology that
can control the
climate
parameters.

This paper
S.
explains the
Fuzzy Logic Rajapraka
potency of fuzzy
Controller for sh, R.
controlled
Effective Jaichandr
irrigation in
Irrigation Based an, Fuzzy
8 agriculture fields N/A MATLAB
on Field Soil Ramaling Logic
through
Moisture and am
considering the
Availability of Ponnusa
availability of
Water my and A.
water and soil
Nagappan
condition.

8 Development of a Md. This paper mainly VLSI chip N/A Fuzzy

Fuzzy Logic Shabiul discusses the Logic
Controller for Air Islam, Md. simulation and
Conditioning Shakowat design of fuzzy
System Zaman based algorithm

20
 consists of two
Sarker, sensors for
Kazi feedback control
Ashique for humidity and
Ahmed temperature
Rafi and monitoring and
Masuri was designed
Othman and implemented
using VHDL.

This research
expounds the
Tukaram efficient design of Field
FPGA R. FPGA Programm MATLAB
Implementation Kumbhar, implementation of able Gate and
of Fuzzy Logic Sunil S. a Fuzzy Logic Fuzzy
10 Array VHDL
Controller for Nirmale Logic
Controller (FLC) (FPGA) Test
Temperature and R. R.
using Verilog and FTC bench
Control Mudholka
(VHDL) for chip
r
controlling the
temperature.

Conceptual
Title Author Description Hardware Software Controller
Literature

It explains the
impact and Glass,
consideration of polycarbo
Greenhouse
choosing the nate,
1 Covering N/A N/A N/A
precise material acrylic
Materials
in covering the and
greenhouse plastic
structure.

It addresses the
purpose and
Greenhou
benefits of
Ventilation R. Dodge se fan or
2 ventilation inside N/A DC Supply
System Woodson exhaust
the containment
fan
or controlled
rooms.

3 Plant Factory Masakazu The book Incandesc N/A N/A

Using Artificial Anpo, features the ent Lamp,
Sunlight Hirokazu application of Light-
Fukuda photocatalytic emitting
and Teruo methods that Diode and
Wada guarantee the T8 LED
secure and Tube
feasible Lamp
manufacturing of (Red and
plants regardless Blue)

21
 of damaging
circumstances.

It explains the
regulation flow of
the water and
how it controls
the desired
Water system
measure of water Solenoid
4 using solenoid N/A N/A Relay
in irrigation Valve
valve
system. This site
also illustrates
different
components of
irrigation system.

This site explains

the components
composed inside
Solar panel the solar panel Solar
5 N/A N/A N/A
system and how well Panel
efficient this
technology in this
present year.

Table 2.1 Related Literature

Synthesis

The proponents adapted most of the capabilities of the aforementioned studies.

The proposed system offers the user to control and check the system without heading

out to the place where the greenhouse is located through the use of mobile phone. Also,

the user will be able to monitor the condition of entire greenhouse via send and receive

SMS function.

The whole device was controlled by NodeMCU and all the activity performed of

every electronic component connected depends on the desired output program within.

The Blynk Application was used in this project wherein the user will receive a real

time notification on their mobile phones by means of IoT based system. This provides

22
more accurate update compare to the GSM module because it has a limit number of

messages on a certain time.

It was operated by a drip irrigation system that directly supplies water to the roots

of the plants. With the use of this system, the crop can maximize their productivity level

and have a less damage from water sprinkled over head.

The proponents adapted a polycarbonate material for the glazing of the whole

greenhouse. This material allows the extension growing season of plants and it has a

direct connection to its superior thermal efficiency and UV protection provided by

polycarbonate.

It has a ventilation system which helps to normalize the temperature and expel

the build-up of pollutants and maintain the pleasant odors inside the greenhouse.

Red and blue T8 lamps were used in this system for providing an artificial

sunlight. This lamp mimics natural light that produces chlorophyll.

For the water system, it used solenoid valve to control the flow of water.

The system also used a solar panel for the replacement of power supply in case

of power interruption.

Controlling the temperature within an area has several approaches to be set, but

within this system the proponents monitor the temperature and humidity by sensor and

used only an exhaust fan to normalize the temperature

Conceptual Framework

23
 The figure shows the system diagram for monitoring and controlling the entire

parameters of various sensors inside the greenhouse.

Figure 2.3 Conceptual Framework (Modified Waterfall Model)

Planning - In this phase, the proponents use descriptive research design. It is a theory-

based design method which is generated by gathering, analyzing, and presenting

collected data to provide insights into the why and how of research.

Analysis - In this phase, the developers examine the existing system and requirements

gathered for in the clients and surveys. The primary data was gathered through an

interview conducted from the City Agriculture Department and two (2) local farm

workers in the city of Tanauan. The questionnaire was used in order to ensure the

factors that affect the greenhouse. Interview guide helps to enhance understanding and

24
implementation of direct evaluation for the central purpose of a study. The rest of the

data gathered are derived from data that already exists. Secondary data for this study

was acquired from a variety of online researches and journals, year projects from

different universities or institutions, books and other sources. The proponents used the

existing device and client suggestions as the basis of the foundation for the creation of

the system to determine the needed adjustment for the device to be suitable for its

design.

Design - in this phase, the developers design the device in accordance with the

obtained information from the requirement analysis. Furthermore, the proponents

gathered a user-friendly software application for the device to interpret in which all sorts

of research and users will easily be able to utilize the device with ease and satisfaction.

Implementation - in this phase, the developers applied the suitable components in the

implementation of the device. The proponent also implemented the suitable

components gathered from the researches. Furthermore, in assessing the function, the

proponents will monitor the device for errors found in maintenance phase. The device

will ultimately undergo some revisions.

Testing - in this phase, the developers is going to test if all of the functions is working

properly and if there is an existing error. If test failed, there will be software debugging

and hardware calibration. After a series of testing and verification if the prototype is

prepared to be used, then the proponents can start for the next phase.

Maintenance - in this phase, the device proceeds to do a test run and be monitored for

any existing errors to the system that is needed to restore to working order. The

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proponents concluded that the device’s mechanisms require to be well taken care of, for

the prototype to not have any missteps in the precision of the process.

DESIGN

Pre- design stage is utilized as a preliminary guide to inform the design process.

The size of the greenhouse, covering materials, source of artificial sunlight, types of soil,

different kinds of crops are the factors to be considered that may affect in planning and

designing the total interface for the greenhouse. This also includes the software used to

perform different activities within the greenhouse.

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 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter clearly expounds the research methods used to conduct the study.

The proponents discuss research design, system design, hardware design and

implementation, software in system development and propose design.

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 Figure 3.1 shows the flow of the proposed system. It represents the process of the

entire system and the step-by-stepFigure

approach to finish
3.1 Flow a task. It collects all the inputs
chart

done by different sensors and perform a specified action until it satisfies all condition.

Design Stage

Figure 3.2 Conceptual Diagram

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 Figure 3.2 shows the Conceptual diagram. This was the setup and connection of the

system that transmits the information to the NodeMCU and informs the operator through

an SMS. The temperature and humidity sensor sends data to Node Microcontroller Unit

and process the given command to normalize the temperature using exhaust fan and

will automatically turn on the solenoid valve to water each crop. When there is a power

interruption, the voltage sensor turns on, and sends the message to the NodeMCU to

replace the power source and set the batteries powered by solar panel to be the power

source.

Figure 3.3 Hardware block Diagram

Figure 3.3 show the input, process and output of the system. The

inputs composed of several components such as temp and humidity sensor,

ultrasonic sensor, soil moisture sensor and voltage sensor. These inputs give

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and process all the commands by NodeMCU and produced output through

water pump, exhaust fan, solenoid valve, battery, solar panel and blynk

application.

Figure 3.4 Overall Block Diagram

Hardware Design and Implementation

The proposed system has a microcontroller acting as the brain of the whole

system connected into different components. It consists different sensors that can

monitor and can control a certain task such as temperature and humidity of the

greenhouse, moisture of the soil, water level of the reservoir and also the power supply.

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 The figures below consist the lists of hardware component required for the

implementation of the system.

Figure 3.5 Node Microcontroller Unit

NodeMCU is brain of the device which process every set of information coming
from every set of the information coming from every connected module.

Figure 3.6 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

It is use to monitor the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse.

Figure 3.7 Ultrasonic Sensor

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 Ultrasonic sensors are devices which is use to sense ultrasound energy. It is use
to monitor the water level in the water reservoir.

Figure 3.8 Voltage Sensor

It utilizes the calculation and monitoring the amount of voltage of an object. It can
determine both the AC and DC voltage level.

Figure 3.9 Exhaust Fan

It is use to normalize the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse. This
also maintain the good odor.

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 Figure 3.10 Solenoid Valve
Solenoid valves are used to open, close or distribute the flow of gas or liquid in a
pipe.

Figure 3.11 Soil Moisture Sensor

This device is use to monitor the condition of soil whether it’s too dry or wet.

Figure 3.12 Battery

It is a device that has one or more electrochemical cells for external connections
to give electricity. Battery is used to store energy that came from solar panel.

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 Figure 3.13 T8 LED Tube Light (Red and Blue)
The T8 LED tube light are used to provide artificial sunlight.

Figure 3.14 Solar Panel

This device helps to generate electricity in case of power interruption through
photovoltaic effect.

Figure 3.15 Relay

An electrically operated switch consists is a set of input terminals for a single or
multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals.

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Software in System Development

Arduino IDE – is a cross-platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that

is written in functions from C and C++. It is used to write and upload programs

to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help of third-party cores, other vendor

development boards. It is use to upload program and create communication to all

devices connected to it.

Blynk Application – platform that supports Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and similar

microcontroller that allows to control and monitor the system. This software supports the

connection types to the microcontroller board using blynk cloud and blynk personal

server like Ethernet, wifi, bluetooth, cellular and serial. It also consists the following

components such as blynk app builder, blynk server and blynk libraries which

communicate to each other to build an effective IOT application that can be control from

anywhere along with its configurable connectivity type

MATLAB –  (an abbreviation of "matrix laboratory") is a proprietary multi-

paradigm programming language and numerical computing environment developed

by MathWorks. MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data,

implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs

written in other languages. Its graphic system includes high level commands and low-

level commands for two-dimensional (2d) and three-dimensional (3d) data visualization

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such as image processing animation and presentation graphics and allows the user to

rearrange the appearance of graphics on your MATLAB application.

Fuzzy Logic – It was introduced with the 1965 proposal of fuzzy set theory by

Lofti Zadeh. It’s been studied as infinite valued logic and base on the observation on

how people make decisions on their unspecific information. It has the capability of

representing, manipulating and interpreting data which is vague and indefinite.

Microsoft Word – Microsoft Word or MS Word (often called Word) is a

graphical word processing program that users can type with. Its purpose is to allow

users to type and save documents. It was a helpful tool in proper spelling and grammar.

This also provides tables, charts and even diagram for certain document.

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 Figure 3.16 Blynk Application

Figure 3.16 displayed the installed application of blynk wherein the user needs to

create an account first to be able to log in and create a project in blynk application. This

platform allows the user to take control the hardware projects easier from Android

devices. It is perfect for linking projects such as monitoring the condition of the system

and it also allow you to perform certain task.

Figure 3.17 Fuzzy Logic Diagram

Figure 3.17 shows the Fuzzy Logic Inference System. The Fuzzy logic controller

uses the fuzzy logics to make the decisions and to control the output of the controller. It

mainly compose by fuzzification, knowledge base and defuzzification The fuzzification

unit supports the several fuzzification methods converts the crisp input into fuzzy input.

While a knowledge base - collection of rule base and database is established upon the

conversion of crisp input into fuzzy input and the defuzzification unit fuzzy input is finally

converted into crisp output.

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Proposed Design

1.00 m

1.00 m
1.50 m

Figure 3.18 Actual Representation of Proposed Designed

Figure 3.18 shows the actual design of the proposed system. It has three beds

with three slots each. It also has two exhaust fans that normalize the temperature inside

the greenhouse. The cabinet holds the electronic parts of the system. It also has water

reservoir to perform irrigation and it also has a solar panel that provides an alternate

source of power. The whole greenhouse is covered by polycarbonate plastic to protect

the crop from any insects and to prevent any harm from outside weather conditions.

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 Figure 3.19 Proposed design for Blynk App Design

Figure 3.19 shows the specified functions of a Blynk application. It display the

arrangement of different buttons to control the greenhouse. It also display a graph that

represent the status and condition of the whole system by displaying the readings of

temperature, humidity and soil moisture.

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