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Synopsis: Ashish Negi Topic Name-RAID Technology Roll No-08EAICS201

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RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a way to store the same data redundantly across multiple hard disks to improve performance and fault tolerance. A RAID array appears as a single logical disk to the operating system. There are several types of RAID configurations that provide different levels of performance, capacity, and data protection through techniques like disk striping, mirroring, and parity. The document provides descriptions of common RAID levels including RAID-0, 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10.

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Synopsis: Ashish Negi Topic Name-RAID Technology Roll No-08EAICS201

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ash1112
26 views3 pages
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a way to store the same data redundantly across multiple hard disks to improve performance and fault tolerance. A RAID array appears as a single logical disk to the operating system. There are several types of RAID configurations that provide different levels of performance, capacity, and data protection through techniques like disk striping, mirroring, and parity. The document provides descriptions of common RAID levels including RAID-0, 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10.

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SYNOPSIS(RAID)

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RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a way to store the same data redundantly across multiple hard disks to improve performance and fault tolerance. A RAID array appears as a single logical disk to the operating system. There are several types of RAID configurations that provide different levels of performance, capacity, and data protection through techniques like disk striping, mirroring, and parity. The document provides descriptions of common RAID levels including RAID-0, 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10.

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26 views3 pages

Synopsis: Ashish Negi Topic Name-RAID Technology Roll No-08EAICS201

Uploaded by

ash1112
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a way to store the same data redundantly across multiple hard disks to improve performance and fault tolerance. A RAID array appears as a single logical disk to the operating system. There are several types of RAID configurations that provide different levels of performance, capacity, and data protection through techniques like disk striping, mirroring, and parity. The document provides descriptions of common RAID levels including RAID-0, 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10.

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SYNOPSIS

ASHISH NEGI

Topic Name-RAID Technology

Roll No-08EAICS201

ABSTRACT:

What is RAID?

RAID (redundant array of independent disks; originally redundant array of inexpensive disks) is
a way of storing the same data in different places (thus, redundantly) on multiple hard disks. By
placing data on multiple disks, I/O (input/output) operations can overlap in a balanced way,
improving performance. Since multiple disks increases the mean time between failures, storing
data redundantly also increases fault taularence.

A RAID appears to the operating system to be a single logical hard disk. RAID employs the
technique of disk striping, which involves partitioning each drive's storage space into units
ranging from a sector (512 bytes) up to several megabytes. The stripes of all the disks are
interleaved and addressed in order.

In a single-user system where large records, such as medical or other scientific images, are
stored, the stripes are typically set up to be small (perhaps 512 bytes) so that a single record
spans all disks and can be accessed quickly by reading all disks at the same time.

In a multi-user system, better performance requires establishing a stripe wide enough to hold the
typical or maximum size record. This allows overlapped disk I/O across drives.

There are at least nine types of RAID plus a non-redundant array (RAID-0):

 RAID-0: This technique has striping but no redundancy of data. It offers the best
performance but no fault-tolerance.
 RAID-1: This type is also known as disk mirroring and consists of at least two drives that
duplicate the storage of data. There is no striping. Read performance is improved since
either disk can be read at the same time. Write performance is the same as for single disk
storage. RAID-1 provides the best performance and the best fault-tolerance in a multi-
user system.
 RAID-2: This type uses striping across disks with some disks storing error checking and
correcting information. It has no advantage over RAID-3.
 RAID-3: This type uses striping and dedicates one drive to storing parity information.
The embedded error checking (ECC) information is used to detect errors. Data recovery
is accomplished by calculating the exclusive OR (XOR) of the information recorded on
the other drives. Since an I/O operation addresses all drives at the same time, RAID-3
cannot overlap I/O. For this reason, RAID-3 is best for single-user systems with long
record applications.
 RAID-4: This type uses large stripes, which means you can read records from any single
drive. This allows you to take advantage of overlapped I/O for read operations. Since all
write operations have to update the parity drive, no I/O overlapping is possible. RAID-4
offers no advantage over RAID-5.
 RAID-5: This type includes a rotating parity array, thus addressing the write limitation in
RAID-4. Thus, all read and write operations can be overlapped. RAID-5 stores parity
information but not redundant data (but parity information can be used to reconstruct
data). RAID-5 requires at least three and usually five disks for the array. It's best for
multi-user systems in which performance is not critical or which do few write operations.
 RAID-6: This type is similar to RAID-5 but includes a second parity scheme that is
distributed across different drives and thus offers extremely high fault- and drive-failure
tolerance.
 RAID-7: This type includes a real-time embedded operating system as a controller,
caching via a high-speed bus, and other characteristics of a stand-alone computer. One
vendor offers this system.
 RAID-10: Combining RAID-0 and RAID-1 is often referred to as RAID-10, which offers
higher performance than RAID-1 but at much higher cost. There are two subtypes: In
RAID-0+1, data is organized as stripes across multiple disks, and then the striped disk
sets are mirrored. In RAID-1+0, the data is mirrored and the mirrors are striped.
 RAID-50 (or RAID-5+0): This type consists of a series of RAID-5 groups and striped in
RAID-0 fashion to improve RAID-5 performance without reducing data protection.
 RAID-53 (or RAID-5+3): This type uses striping (in RAID-0 style) for RAID-3's virtual
disk blocks. This offers higher performance than RAID-3 but at much higher cost.
 RAID-S (also known as Parity RAID): This is an alternate, proprietary method for striped
parity RAID from EMC Symmetrix that is no longer in use on current equipment. It
appears to be similar to RAID-5 with some performance enhancements as well as the
enhancements that come from having a high-speed disk cache on the disk array.

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