Structural Analysis and

Design Report
Of

Residential Building

PREPARED BY:ER. SANDIP BUDHATHOKI CLIENT :YAGYA BAHADUR S ILWAL

CIVIL ENGINEER - LALITPUR - , GODAWARI
NEC NO : 10633 “ A”
MAR , 2021
TABLE OF C ONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 ABOUT THIS REPORT ........................................................................................................ 3
1.2 ABOUT THE STRUCTURE ...................................................................................................... 3
1.3 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................ 3
2. BUILDING PARAMETERS AND DESIGN CRITERIA .................................................................. 3
2.1 PLAN AND ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING ................................................................................. 4
2.2 GENERAL PARAMETERS....................................................................................................... 6
2.3 STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS .................................................................................................. 6
2.4 SOIL PARAMETERS ............................................................................................................. 6
2.5 MATERIAL PROPERTIES ....................................................................................................... 6
2.6 DESIGN BASIS ................................................................................................................... 7
2.7 DESIGN CRITERIA............................................................................................................... 7
3. LOADING .............................................................................................................................. 8
3.1 DEAD LOADS (DL) ............................................................................................................. 8
3.2 LIVE LOADS (LL) ................................................................................................................ 9
3.3 EARTHQUAKE LOADS (EL) ................................................................................................... 9
3.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS ...................................................................................................... 10
4. MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE........................................................................................ 11
4.1 THREE DIMENSIONAL VIEWS .............................................................................................. 11
4.2 COLUMNS AND BEAMS SECTIONS........................................................................................ 15
5. ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE............................................................................................ 16
5.1 SUPPORT REACTIONS ............................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
5.2 BASE REACTIONS .................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
5.3 STORY DISPLACEMENT PLOTS .................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
5.4 BENDING MOMENT, SHEAR FORCE AND AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM .... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
6. DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE .............................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
6.1 DESIGN OF COLUMNS .......................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
6.2 DESIGN OF BEAMS ......................................................................................................... 29
6.3 DESIGN OF SLABS ................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
6.4 DESIGN OF FOOTING ............................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
7. DESIGN OF STAIRCASE SLAB .............................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
8. CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................... 42
9. LIST OF TABLES .................................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
10. LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 ABOUT THIS REPORT
This report comprises planning, architectural design and structural design of a RCC residential
buildings. This report includes different parameters for the analysis and design of the building. The
design results are shown in a convenient tabular format.
The principal aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe so as to possess
adequate strength, stiffness and stability during the action of all possible loads in its life span.
Accordingly, the structural design data are presented in the report.
1.2 ABOUT THE STRUCTURE
The structure which is analysed and designed is made of reinforced concrete frame with Brick
masonry in cement mortar as partition walls. It is a three and half storied RC-framed structure with
staircase.
1.3 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
The building has been modelled as 3D frame using “ETABSV16.2.0”. The software has very good
analysis and design capability which are verified in the verification problems included in the
package. It is a Finite Element Method (FEM) based software and requires modelling of the
structure by finite-elements. Beams and columns are modelled with line (or frame) elements,
while the slabs and roofs are modelled with area-elements. The building is assumed to be
supported from the plinth level for the design of super-structure. The base reactions of columns in
critical load combinations are used for design of foundations including the additional load of the
footing. Footings, Slabs and staircases are designed manually using relevant Indian standard codes
and presented in the report.

BUILDING PARAMETERS AND DESIGN CRITERIA

The building is composed of rooms with RCC staircase. Different parameters governing the design
of each building are presented in the following sections.

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2.1 PLAN AND ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING

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GENERAL PARAMETERS

Building Type : Residential Building

No of Blocks : 1
Plinth Area : 888.5 sq.ft.
No of Storey :Two and half storied
Floor Height : 9 ft 6 inches
Ground Floor : 9.5 ft
First/Top Floor : 9.5 ft.
Wall : 230 mm thick Brick walls

2.2 STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS

Foundation Type : Isolated and Eccentric AND Raft
Columns : Square -300mmx300mm
Beams : Rectangular -230mm x 360 mm,
Slabs : 5” thick
Walls : Non-load bearing brick walls
Structural System : RCC Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)
Building Height : 8.55 m above basement

2.3 SOIL PARAMETERS:

Soil Type * : Medium soil (Type II)
Bearing Capacity * :120 KN/m2

2.4 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Cement : Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)
Concrete Grade : M20 for all column, beam, slab, foundation, Stair
Steel Grade (for reinforcement) : Fe500
Detailed Properties of the materials:

A. Concrete

M20 = 20MPa Characteristic value of cube compressive strength: Cube 150 x 150 x
150 mm (5%-quartile = no more than 5% of cubes tested at 28 days
are expected to fail)
fck,cube = 20MPa
fcm = 26.6MPa Mean compressive strength: fcm = fck + 1.65x4.0 [N/mm2]
wτck=1.12Mpa Characteristic value of concrete shear strength: = 0.25 √fck
Ecm = 22360.68MPa Mean characteristic modulus of elasticity: 5000√fck
Density = 20 KN/m3

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 B. Reinforcement
Steel grade = Fe500
Type: Deformed bar
fyk = 500Mpa Characteristic proof strength at 0.2% yield
εuk>= 14.5% Ultimate Elongation
E = 200,000 MPa Elastic Modulus (Young’s Modulus of Elasticity)
Density = 7849 Kg/m3

2.5 DESIGN BASIS:

The building is designed following the standard codes and norms. The different codes used for the
structural design are
i. NBC 105: 1994 [Seismic design of buildings in Nepal] for calculation of seismic
loads and load combinations
ii. NBC 110: 1994 [Plain and reinforced concrete] for load combinations
iii. IS456:2000 [Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete] for Design of
Concrete Structures.
iv. IS875:1987 [Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures] for Other Load calculation.
v. SP16:1980 [Design aids for reinforced concrete to IS456:1978] for detailing of
the structural members.
vi. IS13920:1993 [Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to
seismic forces] for Ductile Detailing of the structural members.

Design Criteria:

The concrete structures are designed using Limit State Method which is incorporated in
IS456:2000.
It is based on safety and serviceability requirements associated with the design loads and design
strengths of the materials. These design loads and design strengths are obtained by applying
partial safety factors for characteristic loads and strengths of the materials as concrete and steels.
The limit state method of design covers different criteria for design. The two major criteria are

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 a. Limit State of Collapse:
The limit state of collapse of the structure or part of the structure could be assessed from
rupture of one or more critical sections and from buckling due to elastic or plastic
instability (including effects of sway where appropriate) or overturning. The resistance to
bending, shear, torsion and axial loads at every section shall not be less than the
appropriate value at that section produced by the probable most unfavourable
combination of loads on the structure using the appropriate partial safety factors.

b. Limit State of Serviceability:

It includes limit for deflection and cracking or local damage. Excessive deflection and cracks
adversely affects the finishes, efficiency and appearance of the structure and it may impair
protection to embedded reinforcements too.
Cracking Limit state: the surface width of the cracks should not, in general, exceed 0.3mm
in members where cracking is not harmful and does not have any serious adverse effects
upon the preservation of the reinforcing steel nor upon the durability of the structure.
Deflection limit states for concrete members are:
i. The final deflection due to all loads including the effects of temperature, creep and
shrinkage and measured from the as-cast level of the supports of floors, roofs and
all other horizontal members, should not normally exceed span/250
ii. The deflection including the effects of temperature, creep and shrinkage occurring
after erection of partitions and the application of finishes should not normally
exceed span/350 or 20mm whichever is less.

Loading

All loadings are derived bases on different parts of IS875. Earthquake load is calculated based
on IS1893:2002
3.1 DEAD LOADS (DL)
These are the permanent load which is not supposed to change during the structure’s
design life. The dead loads included in the design are:
a. Unit-weight of materials:
i. RCC (beams and columns): 25 KN/m3

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 ii. RCC (slab): 25 KN/m3
iii. Screed: 21KN/m3
iv. Steel: 76.97 KN/m3(7849 Kg/m3)
v. BrickMasonry:19 KN/m3
vi. Floor Finish: 1.2 KN/m2

3.2 LIVE LOADS (LL)

These are the loads that may vary its intensity and/or position during design life. Live loads
for different rooms and roofs are calculated as per the functional requirement as specified
in IS875 code.
a. Live loads on floors
i. Otherrooms:2 KN/m2
ii. Corridors and Stairs:3 KN/m2
b. Live loads on roof
i. Inaccessible roof: 0.75 KN/m2
ii. Accessible roof: 1.5 KN/m2
3.3 EARTHQUAKE LOADS (EL)
Earthquake load has been calculated based on IS 456:2000. Basically, horizontal seismic
forces shall be considered for the structures that depend on different parameters. Different
parameters for generating earthquake loads are:

USING IS 1893:2002

a. Zone Factor (Z) : 0.36

b. Importance Factor(I) : 1 (for residential building)
c. Response reduction factor : 5 (for SMRF)
d. Soil type : Medium Soil
e. Height of building : 8.55 m
f. Fundamental Time period : 0.375 sec
g. Average Response acceleration

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 𝑆𝑎
Factor ( 𝑔 ) : 2.5 for (T=0.375 sec)
𝑆𝑎 1
h. Hor. Seismic Coefficient (Ah) : 𝑔 𝑍𝑥𝐼𝑥 2𝑥𝑅 = 0.09
i. Seismic Weight of Building (Ws) : DL+0.25LL (for LL≤3) OR DL+0.5LL (for LL>3)
= 3175.29 KN
j. Base Shear (VB) : Ah * Ws =0.09* 3175.29 =285.77 KN

Since, base shear obtained from IS and NBC code are equal, Here IS code is used for earthquake
analysis using ETABSv16.2.0.

3.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS

Different load combinations are generated as per IS 1893:2002(part-I), since earthquake load is
considered from same code. Minimum eccentricity of 5% is automatically considered in
earthquake load cases by the program. After running the analysis, response spectrum analysis was
used using the same base shear as obtained from the seismic coefficient method of earthquake
load calculation and appropriately scaled to match the values. For conservative design, both
seismic coefficient and response spectrum method were used for design, and the higher design
requirements are used among two for the design procedures.
Different load combinations used for analysis and design of the structure are as follows:
Load Combination Combination Name
a. 1.5 DL : Dcon1
b. 1.5 (DL+LL) : Dcon2
c. 1.2 (DL+LL+Eqx) : Dcon3
d. 1.2 (DL+LL-Eqx) : Dcon4
e. 1.2 (DL+LL+Eqy) : Dcon5
f. 1.2 (DL+LL-Eqy) : Dcon6
g. 1.5 (DL+Eqx) : Dcon7
h. 1.5 (DL-Eqx) : Dcon8
i. 1.5 (DL+Eqy) : Donc9
j. 1.5 (DL-Eqy) : Dcon10
k. 0.9DL+1.5Eqx : Dcon11
l. 0.9DL-1.5Eqx : Dcon12
m. 0.9DL+Eqy : Dcon13
n. 0.9DL-Eqy : Dcon14

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Where:
DL = Dead Loads
LL = Live Loads
Eqx = Earthquake load in +ve x-direction
Eqy = Earthquake load in +ve y-direction

MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE :

The structure is modelled in ETABS version16.2.0, different data for modelling are shown in the
following sections.

4.1 THREE DIMENSIONAL VIEWS :

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FIGURE 0:1 3-D MODEL OF STRUCTURE

FIGURE 0:2 INPUT DATA OF STRUCTURE

live load:

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Floorfinish:

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Wall load dead)

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STAIR LOAD:

With R = 178 mm and T = 254 mm, the inclined length of each step = {(178)2 + (254)2 } ½ = 313.85 mm.

(i) Loads on going (on projected plan area)

(a) Self-weight of waist-slab = 25(0.25)(313.85)/270 = 7.265 kN/m2

(b) Self-weight of steps = 25(0.5)(0.16) = 2.0 kN/m2

(c) Finishes (given) = 1.0 kN/m2

(d) Live loads (given) = 3.0 kN/m2 Total

Total loads = 13.265 kN/m2

Stair Load: ( includes dead load )

4.2 COLUMNS AND BEAMS SECTIONS

Figure 0:2 Column 300mmx300mm

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Figure 0:4 Beam 2300mmx360mm

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Analysis of the Structure:

The structure is analysed in ETABSV16.2.0 Different analysis outputs are shown.

DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE

The structure is designed withETABSv16.2.0. Different design outputs are shown.

6.1 DESIGN OF COLUMNS

FIGURE 0:1(A) COLUMN REINFORCEMENTS

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FIGURE 0.2 () BEAM REINFORCEMENTS

Tie Beam :GROUND FLOOR BEAM

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Main Beam :FIRST FLOOR BEAM

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Main Beam :SECOND FLOOR BEAM

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Main Beam :Third FLOOR BEAM

Seismic Table and Time Period and Base Shear:

TABLE: Auto Seismic - IS 1893:2002

Load Pattern Type Direction Period Method User T Top Story Bottom Story Z Type Z Soil Type I R Period Used Coeff Used Weight Used Base Shear
sec sec kN kN
EQX Seismic X User Specified 0.375 Story4 Base Per Code 0.36 II 1 5 0.375 0.09 3175.2941 285.7765
EQZ Seismic Y User Specified 0.375 Story4 Base Per Code 0.36 II 1 5 0.375 0.09 3175.2941 285.7765

TABLE: Base Reactions

Load Case/Combo FX FY FZ MX MY MZ X Y Z
kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m m m m
EQX -285.7765 0 0 0 -2260.7193 1096.0212 0 0 0
EQZ 0 -285.7765 0 2260.7193 0 -1848.0301 0 0 0

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TABLE: Centers of Mass and Rigidity
Story Diaphragm Mass X Mass Y XCM YCM Cumulative X Cumulative Y XCCM YCCM XCR YCR
kg kg m m kg kg m m m m
Story2 D1 111852.97 111852.97 6.5338 3.4366 111852.97 111852.97 6.5338 3.4366 6.5889 3.8964
Story3 D2 108729.01 108729.01 6.7921 3.5959 108729.01 108729.01 6.7921 3.5959 6.5304 3.8855
Story4 D3 60484.07 60484.07 6.9889 3.947 60484.07 60484.07 6.9889 3.947 6.6452 3.9219

TABLE: Joint Reactions

Story Joint Label Unique Name Load Case/Combo FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
Base 1 5 DCon2 0.8278 1.0272 315.3304 -0.1654 0.7242 0.005
Base 2 10 DCon2 -0.0005 0.6758 394.7028 -0.1284 0.2364 0.0229
Base 3 15 DCon2 1.947 -1.4765 335.4619 0.6281 1.0969 0.01
Base 4 20 DCon2 -1.8954 -1.3733 255.9272 0.5352 -0.7916 -0.0034
Base 5 25 DCon2 -0.3375 0.0349 155.6071 -0.0134 -0.066 -0.0214
Base 7 35 DCon2 -1.7508 1.8713 400.8863 -1.0375 -0.7989 -0.0213
Base 8 40 DCon2 0.6765 -0.3618 300.2285 -0.1705 0.0269 -0.0127
Base 9 45 DCon2 -1.0798 -0.9457 445.3413 0.0736 -0.4805 0.008
Base 10 50 DCon2 1.2993 2.2968 549.1634 -1.206 0.7806 0.0058
Base 11 55 DCon2 -0.0871 -0.1536 557.1272 0.0852 0.1888 0.0051
Base 12 60 DCon2 0.52 -0.4287 340.5646 0.0142 0.3529 0.0134
Base 13 65 DCon2 0.9936 -0.8815 446.32 0.5235 0.7755 0.0033
Base 14 70 DCon2 0.0975 -0.2449 208.476 0.048 0.3138 0.0081
Base 26 30 DCon2 -1.2106 -0.0399 166.2249 -0.0573 -0.5466 -0.0061

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios

Case Mode Period UX UY UZ Sum UX Sum UY Sum UZ RX RY RZ Sum RX Sum RY Sum RZ
sec
Modal 1 0.64 6.625E-07 0.8957 0 6.625E-07 0.8957 0 0.1015 0.00000401 0.0052 0.1015 0.00000401 0.0052
Modal 2 0.609 0.8955 0.000007638 0 0.8955 0.8957 0 0.00003381 0.1067 0.0029 0.1015 0.1067 0.0082
Modal 3 0.544 0.0028 0.0041 0 0.8983 0.8998 0 0.0112 0.0016 0.8886 0.1127 0.1083 0.8967
Modal 4 0.205 0.0001 0.0528 0 0.8984 0.9526 0 0.6514 0.0018 0.0018 0.7641 0.1101 0.8986
Modal 5 0.197 0.0566 0.0004 0 0.955 0.9529 0 0.0046 0.6849 0.0005 0.7687 0.7951 0.8991
Modal 6 0.175 0.001 0.0032 0 0.956 0.9561 0 0.0367 0.0106 0.0532 0.8055 0.8057 0.9523
Modal 7 0.127 0.0003 0.0054 0 0.9563 0.9615 0 0.0074 0.0005 0.0005 0.8128 0.8062 0.9528
Modal 8 0.121 0.006 0.0004 0 0.9623 0.9619 0 0.0005 0.0063 0.0001 0.8133 0.8125 0.9529
Modal 9 0.106 0.0001 0.0011 0 0.9624 0.963 0 0.0013 0.00000971 0.0057 0.8146 0.8125 0.9586
Modal 10 0.036 0.000022 0.0196 0 0.9624 0.9827 0 0.0984 0.0001 0.0013 0.913 0.8126 0.9599
Modal 11 0.034 0.0291 0.0001 0 0.9915 0.9828 0 0.0005 0.1449 0.000001507 0.9135 0.9575 0.9599
Modal 12 0.033 0.0002 0.0033 0 0.9916 0.9861 0 0.0166 0.0008 0.0094 0.9301 0.9583 0.9693

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TABLE: Story Max/Avg Displacements
Story Load Case/Combo Direction Maximum Average Ratio
mm mm
Story4 EQX X 13.262 13.206 1.004
Story3 EQX X 10.727 10.686 1.004
Story2 EQX X 6.415 6.369 1.007
Story4 EQZ Y 14.526 14.492 1.002
Story3 EQZ Y 11.751 11.737 1.001
Story2 EQZ Y 7.13 7.029 1.014

FIGURE 0:3 STORY DISPLACEMENT DUE TO EQX

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FIGURE 0:3 STORY DISPLACEMENT DUE TO EQY

FIGURE 0:3 STORY DRIFT DUE TO EQX:

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FIGURE 0:3 STORY DRIFT DUE TO EQY:

6.2 Design of Beams and column :

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Column Section Design(Envelope)

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Column Section Design(Envelope)

Column Element Details

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Length (mm) LLRF
Story2 C13 51 COLUMN-300*300 2850 0.749

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 58 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) f y (MPa) f ys (MPa)

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 Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) f y (MPa) f ys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 413.69 413.69

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Longitudinal Reinforcement Design for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction

Rebar Area Rebar
Column End
mm² %
Top 944 1.02
Bottom 1302 1.4

Design Axial Force & Biaxial Moment for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction
Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
kN kN-m kN-m mm
kN kN-m kN-m mm
Top 412.7717 48.1043 8.2554 2494.4 DCon10
Bottom 421.4593 -55.1257 -8.4292 0 DCon10

Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2

Rebar Asv /s Design Vu2 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
mm²/m kN mm
Top 338.92 37.5494 2494.4 DCon14
Bottom 338.92 37.5494 0 DCon14

Shear Reinforcement for Minor Shear, Vu3

Rebar Asv /s Design Vu3 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
mm²/m kN mm
Top 338.92 46.8936 2494.4 DCon14
Bottom 338.92 46.8936 0 DCon14

Joint Shear Check/Design

Shear Shear Joint
Joint Shear Controlling
Vu,Tot Vc Area
Ratio Combo
kN kN mm²
Major(Vu2) 0.787 327.091 415.475 92903 DCon3
Minor(Vu3) 0.787 420.9385 415.475 92903 DCon11

Beam/Column Capacity Ratios

SumBeamCap SumColCap
1.1(B/C) Column/Beam Controlling
Moments Moments
Ratio Ratio Combo
kN-m kN-m
Major33 0.824 1.335 76.4398 102.0779 DCon11
Minor22 1.029 1.069 95.462 102.0779 DCon11

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design (Envelope)

Beam Element Details

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 Level Element Unique Name Section ID Length (mm) LLRF
Story2 B1 59 MAIN BEAM-230*360 3251.2 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 355.6 228.6 0 60 60

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) f y (MPa) f ys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 413.69 413.69

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Flexural Reinforcement for Major Axis Moment, M u3

End-I End-I Middle Middle End-J End-J
Rebar Area Rebar Rebar Area Rebar Rebar Area Rebar
mm² % mm² % mm² %
Top (+2 Axis) 648 0.8 211 0.26 655 0.81
Bot (-2 Axis) 324 0.4 353 0.43 388 0.48

Flexural Design Moment, Mu3

End-I End-I Middle Middle End-J End-J
Design Mu Station Loc Design Mu Station Loc Design Mu Station Loc
kN-m mm kN-m mm kN-m mm
Top (+2 Axis) -59.5529 152.4 0 2167.5 -60.1194 3098.8
Combo DCon10 DCon14 DCon9
Bot (-2 Axis) 0 152.4 34.3305 2167.5 37.5739 3098.8
Combo DCon10 DCon10 DCon14

Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2

End-I Middle End-J
Rebar Asv /s Rebar Asv /s Rebar Asv /s
mm²/m mm²/m mm²/m
628.5 385.27 599.5

Design Shear Force for Major Shear, Vu2

End-I End-I Middle Middle End-J End-J
Design Vu Station Loc Design Vu Station Loc Design Vu Station Loc
kN mm kN mm kN mm
96.3925 152.4 0.0655 1083.7 92.3929 3098.8
DCon9 DCon7 DCon8

Torsion Reinforcement
Shear
Rebar Asvt /s
mm²/m
381.01

Design Torsion Force

Design Tu Station Loc Design Tu Station Loc
kN-m mm kN-m mm
0.2095 152.4 1.8225 3098.8
DCon10 DCon8

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DESIGN OF STRAP BEAM :C3-C2

SERVICE LOAD: C3=445/1.5 =296.67

SERVICE LOAD: C2=549/1.5 =366

PA R X
PB

S t r a p Be a m
h

C aB
B1 bA c .g bB B2

Z
L2
L1
q1 q2

e R1 R2
Values Need to be Intered by the User
Characteristic Results

Service Axial Load on Column A , PA 296.67 KN C 0.3 m

Service Axial Load on Column B , PB 366 KN Column A Width bA 300 mm
Service Moment on Column A , MA KN.m Column A Length aB 300 mm
Service Moment on Column B , MB KN.m Column A Width bB 300 mm

Proposed External Footing Length L1 1.67 m Concrete Compressive Strength fc` 20 N/mm2
Proposed Footing Thick ness h 0.4 m Reinforcement Yielding Strength fy 500 N/mm2

Distance Between Columns (Z) 3.65 m Net Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity 120 KN/m2

Design Summary

Required Width of External Footing ( B1 ) 1.90 m

Shear Force Diagram
Required Area of Internal Footing (AB) 2.86 m2

Proposed Length of Internal Footing (L2) 1.98 m

Required Width of the internal footing (B2) 10 1.45 m

Maximum Soil Pressure under footings 119.65 KN/m2 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
Assumed Width of Strap Beam b strap = 350 mm

Minimum Required Effective Depth of Strap Beam 350 mm

Maximum Shear Force in Strap Beam 351.3 KN
Bending Moment Diagram
Maximum Bending Moment in Strap Beam 183.3 KN
Provided Strap Beam Depth 550 mm

787.9 mm2
Required Longitudinal Reinforcment Area
T16 4
-1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
1.17 mm2/mm
Required Shear Reinforcment Area
2*T8@ 90

Proportion Footing Dimensions

PA * Z
The location of forces resultant that give uniform pressure under both footing relative to the center of column B X   1.63 m
PA  PB

L1
According to the proposed length of footing "A" the eccentricity of footing reactions e ( C )  0.54 m
2
Taking moments about the center of column B, R1 = 347.62 KN
Taking moments about the center of column A, R2 = 315.05 KN

According to the allowable pressure under the footing the minimum width of external footing Minimum B1  1.90 m

According to the allowable pressure under the footing the minimum area of internal footing Minimum AB  2.86 m2

Sequar Footing with B = 1.70 m

OR
L2  1.98 B2  1.45

Acual location of force resultant A A ( Z  e )  (A A  A B ) * X  X  1.635 m Variation = -0.0013 m

Soil pressure under the external footing q1= 119.63 KN/m2 <qall ==> OK
Soil pressure under the external footing q2= 119.65 KN/m2 <qall ==> OK

32 | P a g e
Strap Beam Analysis and Design

Considering Ultimate Load Magnification  1.5 Therefore the ultimate soil pressure under footings

q1ult   *q1  312.44 KN/m q 2ult   *q 2  238.50 KN/m

PA R X
PB

S t r a p Be a m
h

C aB
B1 bA c .g bB B2

Z
L2
L1
q u1 q u2
x

Shear Force Diagram

-1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

Bending Moment Diagram

-1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

33 | P a g e
Design of Strap Beam

Bending Moment Design

0.85* fc `  2M u 
 min
 1  1   0.0041 > 0.0028 OK
fy  0.85* *bstrap * d eff * fc ` 
2

 As   *bstrap *d eff  787.94 mm2 4 T16

I recommond to provide similar steel at top and bottom of the

strap beam
Shear Design

Vc  0.17*0.75* fc `*bstrap *d eff  109.76 KN Strength of Concrete Section

(V u  V c )
VS   322.01 KN Shear Force need to be Resisted by Steel

A sv
Shear Reinforcement  1.17 mm2/mm ==> 2*T8@ 90 Required Shear Reinforcement
S

34 | P a g e
SUMMARY :

(Reinforcement Details of column)

M20 /Fe 500

8 mm stirrups at 4 " c/c spacing with diagonal rings from foundation to top of plinth level.
8 mm stirrups at 4 " c/c spacing with diagonal rings for beam and column junction.
8 mm stirrups at 6 " c/c spacing with diagonal rings for mid height in between critical zone.
Lap Splices ( suitably designed as tension splices) are permitted only in centre half of the member length.
Not more than 50 % of the bars should be spliced as far as possible.
If not possible stirrups spacing of 4"-5" only and lap length should be increased by 30 % in those location.

Concrete Grade ( 1: 1.5: 3) in Mpa 20 subjected to minimum cement content of 300 kg/m3 and minimum w/c ratio of 0.4
Steel grade in Mpa 500
Clear cover in mm 25
Column Size in mm 300*300

Column Design:

GROUND FLOOR+1ST FLOOR

Sum m ary: reinforcement dia side mid REMARKS
C1 A2 ,A3 ,B1, B2, B3 4-ф16+4-ф16 8 4' c/c 6' c/c Concrete,M20/Fe 500
C2 A1,A4,B4,C3,D1,D2 4-ф16+4-ф12 8 4' c/c 6' c/c Concrete,M20/Fe 501

TOP FLOOR
Sum m ary: reinforcement dia side mid REMARKS

C1 A2 ,A3 ,B1, B2, B3 4-ф16+4-ф12 8 4' c/c 6' c/c Concrete,M20/Fe 500
C2 A1,A4,B4,C3,D1,D2 4-ф16+4-ф12 8 4' c/c 6' c/c Concrete,M20/Fe 501

35 | P a g e
 Beam Reinforcem ent Sum m ary

M20 /Fe 500

As per IS 456-2000, in the analysis of frames, the effective length of members shall be center to centre distance (clause 22.2 d)
For Beams span to depth ratio preferred is 12 to 15. Width is kept (1/3) to (1/2) of depth, but some times they are fixed on architectural consideration.

Development or embedment or lap length ( ld=65ø) in M20

Lap for top bar should be at top span for entire length bars and extra top and bottom bars should not be spliced
not more than 50 % of the bars are spliced at same location and stirrups spacing should not be greater than 6"

Notes to be followed during beam detailing:

Extend top extra and bottom extra bars at support upto L clear/4 + 1'0" not less than ld from face of column

Development Length 8 10 12 16 20 25
lap or ld in inch 21 26 31 41 52 64
lap or ld in inch 18 23 27 36 45 56
REINFORCEMENT
Clear cover to be used for beam : 25 mm
FLOOR Top bottom area total Stirrups
end m id
size no. φ no. φ no. φ no. φ Top Bottom
dirn ties ties

Tie Beam
LOWER 9"*12" 3-ф12(regular) 3-ф12(regular) 8 ɸ @110 8 ɸ @110
mm c/c mm c/c
UPPER 9"*12" 3-ф12(regular) 3-ф12(regular)
9"*14" x- dirn 2-ф16+(2-ф16)(extra) 2-ф16
8 ɸ @110 8 ɸ @150
FIRST with slab
mm c/c mm c/c
9"*14" z- dirn 2-ф16+(2-ф16)(extra) 2-ф16
9"*14" x- dirn 2-ф16 2-ф16
SECOND 8 ɸ @110 8 ɸ @150
/T OP with slab mm c/c mm c/c
9"*14" z- dirn 2-ф16 2-ф16

eccentric 3-ф16(regular) 3-ф16(regular) 8 ɸ @110 8 ɸ @150

Strap 14"*20"
foundation mm c/c mm c/c
2-ф12 MM FACE BAR

36 | P a g e
 Column name

steel grade
soil(KN/m3)

soil(KN/m2)

footing(m2)
capacity of

lx prov(m)

ly rpov(m)
lx reqd.(m)

ly reqd.(m)
Depth of

prov.(m)
weight of

load(KN)

load(KN)
concrete

Depth of

reqd.(m)
Angle of

factored

Service
footing
column

bearing
bx(m)Size of

area of
repose

footing
grade

ly/lx
by(m)
Col no. LOAD
1 272 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 272 181.3333 1.6622 1 1.29 1.29 1.52 1.52
2 477 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 477 318 2.915 1 1.71 1.71 1.82 1.82
3 419 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 419 279.3333 2.5606 1 1.60 1.60 1.67 1.67
4 175 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 175 116.6667 1.0694 1 1.03 1.03 1.52 1.52
5 450 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 450 300 2.75 1 1.66 1.66 1.82 1.82
5 723 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 723 482 4.4183 1 2.10 2.10 2.13 2.13
7 526 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 526 350.6667 3.2144 1 1.79 1.79 1.82 1.82
8 181 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 181 120.6667 1.1061 1 1.05 1.05 1.52 1.52
9 234 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 2.50 234 156 1.43 1 1.20 1.20 1.52 1.52
10 259 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 3.50 259 172.6667 1.5828 1 1.26 1.26 1.52 1.52
10 341 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 4.50 341 227.3333 2.0839 1 1.44 1.44 1.52 1.52

DESIGN OF FOOTING :

DESIGN OF

37 | P a g e
TWO WAY SLAB:

1.
0 General Data:
Depth of slab : (D) 125 mm
N/m
Grade of Concrete : (fck) 20 m2
N/m
Grade of Steel : (fy) 500 m2
Effective cover: (d') 20 mm
Effective depth of
slab : (d) 105 mm
Effective length:
Shorter span: (lx) 3.658 m
Longer span: (ly) 4.013 m

2.
0 Loading:
KN/m
2
Dead Load: (DL) 3.13
(ODL KN/m
2
Other Dead Load: ) 2.85
KN/m
2
Live Load: (LL) 2.00
KN/m
2
Total Load: (w) 7.98
KN/m
2
Factored Load: (wu) 11.96

3.
0 Type of slab:

1.098

Type: Two way Slab

4. Calculation of
0 Moments:
Moment
coefficient:
2 ADG EDG
Type of Slab Panel: 4 DISCONTINUOUS
Short span
coefficient: αx
0.052
Support S 88
Mid Span M 0.039

38 | P a g e
 9
Long span
coefficient: αy
Support S 0.047
Mid Span M 0.035
Moments:
Short span
moments:
Support S 8.463 KN-m
Mid Span M 6.386 KN-m
Long span
moments:
Support S 7.522 KN-m
Mid Span M 5.602 KN-m

5. Check depth for maximum

0 Moments:
Maximum
moments: Mu 8.463 KN-m
effective depth: d 56 < 105 mm
OK

6. Calculation of
0 reinforcement:
6.
1 For shorter span
Mim'm (Ast)
reinforcement min 126 mm2
Design moment: Mx 8.463 KN-m
Neutral axis depth : x 12 mm
Area of steel
required: Ast 195 mm2
Area of steel
provided: Ø 8 mm
S 150 mm
Ast 336 mm2 OK
Pt 0.32 %
For longer span
Effective depth d 97 mm
Mim'm (Ast)
reinforcement min 117 mm2
Design moment: Mx 7.522 KN-m
Neutral axis depth : x 12 mm
Area of steel
required: Ast 189 mm2

39 | P a g e
 Area of steel
provided: Ø 8 mm
S 150 mm
Ast 336 mm2 OK
Pt 0.347 %

7. Check for shear

0 stress:
Maximum shear 21.87
force: Vu 8 KN
N/m
Shear Stress: tv 0.209 m2
β 7.257
Concrete Shear N/m
Strength: tc 0.399 m2
Shear Strength
factor: K 1.3
Shear Strength of 0.518 > 0.209
Slab: t c' 7 N/mm2
OK

8. Check for development

0 length:
Ultimate moment
Capacity: M1 14.12 KN-m
Maximum Shear 21.87
Force: V 8 KN
N/m
Bond Stress: tbd 1.92 m2
Development
length: Ld 454 mm
Anchorage length: L0 105 mm
Available length: 945 > Ld
OK

9. Check for
0 deflection:

length to eff. Depth 34.83

ratio: l/d 5
α 23
β 1
ϒ 2.185 for fs 168.3 N/m

40 | P a g e
 = 04 m2
and
δ 1 Pt = 0.32 %
λ 1
50.25
Coefficient: 6
OK

41 | P a g e
 LOAD CALCULATION

A. DEAD LOAD CALCULATION

1 Unit Weights of m aterials

Brick masonry 19.20 kN/m3
Screed 21.00 kN/m3
Marble 26.70 kN/m3
Reinforced Concrete 25.00 kN/m3
cement plaster 20.40 kN/m3

2 Heights of Beam s, Walls & Parapet Walls

Depth of Beam 0.360 m

Height of Building 9'5" 2.850 m

Height of Parapet Wall 1.000 m
Wall thickness 0.230 m

3 Dead Loads of Walls

a) Dead load of 230 mm thick w all 10.996 kN/m

Dead load of 230 thick w all w ith 25 % opening (Outer w all) 8.247 kN/m
Dead load of 230 mm thick w all w ith 15 % opening (Inner w all) 9.346 kN/m

b) Dead load of 115 mm thick w all 5.498 kN/m

Dead load of 115 thick w all w ith 25 % opening (Outer w all) 4.123 kN/m
Dead load of 115 mm thick w all w ith 15 % opening (Inner w all) 4.673 kN/m

c) Dead load of parapet w all (230 mm thick) 4.416 kN/m

Dead load of parapet w all (115 mm thick) 2.208 kN/m

4 Floor Loads
Thickness of slab 0.150 m
Thickness of tile w ith plaster 0.025 m
Thickness of Marble 0.020 m
Thickness of Screed 0.040 m
Thickness of Cement Plaster 0.0125 m

2
Dead load of structural slab 3.750 kN/m

Dead load of Tile 0.510 kN/m2

Dead load of Marble 0.534 kN/m2
Dead load of screed 0.840 kN/m2
Dead load of Cement Plaster 0.255 kN/m2
Total dead load of Floor Finishes (Tile) 1.350 kN/m 2
Total dead load of Floor Finishes (Marble) 1.374 kN/m 2
Total dead load of Floor Finishes (Cement Punning) 1.095 kN/m 2

2
Dead load of light partition w alls 1.200 kN/m

42 | P a g e
w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 1.651 KN/m Total 12.647 KN/m
w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 1.238 KN/m Total 9.485 KN/m
w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 1.403 KN/m Total 10.750 KN/m

w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 1.651 KN/m Total 7.149 KN/m
w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 1.238 KN/m Total 5.362 KN/m
w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 1.403 KN/m Total 6.076 KN/m

w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 0.663 KN/m Total 5.079 KN/m
w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 0.663 KN/m Total 2.871 KN/m

w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.825 KN/m Total 11.821 KN/m

w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.619 KN/m Total 8.866 KN/m
w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.702 KN/m Total 10.048 KN/m

w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.825 KN/m Total 6.323 KN/m

w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.619 KN/m Total 4.743 KN/m
w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.702 KN/m Total 5.375 KN/m

w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.332 KN/m Total 4.748 KN/m

w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.332 KN/m Total 2.540 KN/m

Load Calculation
L*B*H Vol Cum
Vol*Unit Wt KN
for other than light partition need to be calculated KN/Floor Area KN/Sqm

CONCLUSIONS
Thus, Residential building has been fully designed using a computer program, ETABSv16.2.0 All
the required design details of slab, beam, column and footing and staircase have been presented.
Possible best-approaches have been adopted for most-economical design, yet fulfilling all the
requirements for important building. Due considerations have been given to the probable increase in
load and strength as a partial factor of safety.
Also, double tie-beams, on regular tie-beam at plinth level and one at top level of footing-pad is
specified as the building is being constructed in high seismicity area. During construction, it is
mandatory to follow IS13920, regarding provision of stirrups and ties, development lengths, splices
and other detailing. Band at sill and lintel are provided to increase lateral strength of wall and to
improve opening weakness on wall.
Strict Control over quality of materials and workmanship is required for expected performance of
building in future. Hence, following shall be considered during construction works to obtain
expected results.

43 | P a g e
A. General:
a. All works to be carried out in accordance with current best practice, Building Regulations,
the project specification and relevant Nepal Building Code (NBC), Indian Standards and
Codes of Practice. Materials and components to be appropriate for their intended use.
b. The construction-works shall only be carried-out by trained mason with supervision of
Engineer.
c. During construction, the contractor shall be responsible for maintaining the structure in a
stable condition and ensuring no part shall be damaged under construction activities.
d. Workmanship and materials are to be in accordance with the relevant current Standards
including all amendments and the local statutory authorities, except where varied by the
contract document.
e. All coarse aggregate used shall be crushed stone aggregate. The nominal size of coarse-
aggregate for RC bands and splints shall not exceed12.5mm.
f. Clean sand, with minimum silts and free from clay and organic materials shall be used.
g. Ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS 269:1976 shall be used for all cement works.
h. At least 48 hours’ notice shall be provided for all engineering inspections.
1

B. Structural:
1. Cast-In-Situ concrete/micro-concrete shall have minimum 28 days’ compressive cube
strength of 20N/mm² for all structural members unless otherwise stated.
2. The concrete compressive strength shall be measured on 150*150*150mm cube at 28 days,
for various structural elements.
3. Reinforcing steel shall be TOR having minimum yield strength of 500N/mm². However,
TMT rebar with ultimate strain not less than 14.5% can also be used.
4. Cover to main reinforcing steel be in accordance with IS 456:1978 & as specified in the
structural drawings.
5. Clear Cover of Concrete shall not be less than that given below:
a. Concrete surface at soil = 50mm
b. Concrete on PCC, Bricks, STONE, etc = 30mm
6. Unless otherwise specified, all horizontal & vertical construction joints shall be roughened.
7. A minimum of 48 hours’ notice shall be given to the Engineer before applying plaster,
concrete/micro concrete is poured, in order that the formwork and/or reinforcement may be
inspected.

44 | P a g e
8. All R.C.C work shall be continuously cured for 14-days.
9. All cement plaster works shall be continuously cured for 7 days.
10. Any damage to surface during erection/construction is to be made good.

45 | P a g e