SKEE 4463 High Voltage Technology

Introduction to High Voltage

Technology
Dr. Noor Azlinda Ahmad
Institute of High Voltage & High Current
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UTM
 Course Evaluation

Test 1 : Chapter 1 & 2 (10%)

Date : 5/12/2020

Test 2 : Chapter 3,4 (20%)

Date : 16/1/2021

Assignment – 10%
Homework – 5 %
Quiz – 5%
Final Exam – 50%
 SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology

Contents
q  Definition

q  Classification of Voltage Levels

q  Major Power System Components
SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology

DEFINITION
What is High Voltage?

•  *IEC 60038 (2002) – A high

voltage is voltage being greater
than 1000 V for alternating (AC)
and greater than 1200 V for
direct (DC)
•  LV, MV, HV, EHV, UHV

* IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission

 HV Applications

Electrostatic
precipators –
maintaining
clean
environment
 HV Applications

High Voltage
ozone
generator –
odor treatment,
water treatment
 HV Applications

X-Rays tubes

X-Ray tubes are used for various applications in Science

(i.e. Analysis of Materials), Industry (i.e. thickness
measurement) and Medicine (i.e. Diagnostics). High voltage
power supplies with different specifications according to the
application are needed for the generation of X-Rays.
 HV Applications

Photomulti-plier
Tube (PMT)

Detection of weak doses of light in various different

applications such as Particle Detectors, medical
technologies, optical spectroscopy, electron
microscopy
 HV Applications

Plasma creation

For generation and maintenance of electron plasma for

usage in Science and Industry High Voltage Power Supplies
with high output power are often used. Usually for Ignition
high voltages and for maintenance high current is necessary.
 HV Applications

Capacitor
charging

Capacitor charging often has high requirements

regarding repeatability and constant charging current.
 SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology

VOLTAGE CLASSIFICATION - IN GENERAL

Voltage class Voltage range

Low voltage (LV) V ≤ 1 kV

Medium high voltage (MHV) 1 kV < V ≤ 70 kV

High voltage (HV) 110 kV ≤ V ≤ 230 kV

Extra high voltage (EHV) 275 kV ≤ V ≤ 800 kV

Ultra high voltage (UHV) 1000 kV ≤ V

SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF AC AND DC

TRANSMISSION

New York City streets in 1890. Besides

telegraph lines, multiple electric lines were
required for each class of device requiring
different voltages – Source: Wikipedia
SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology
VOLTAGE SYSTEMS ACCORDING TO
IEC 60038 (2002)

1Remarks

The nominal voltage of existing

220/380V and 240/415V
systems shall evolve towards
the recommended value of
230/400 V.

For countries having 220/380

V should bring the voltage
within the range 230/400 V , +
6% and -10%.

For countries having

240/415V systems should
bring the voltage within the
range 230/400 +10%, -6%.
 SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology
Electrical Power Systems in Malaysia
Generation

Power Plant
275 kV Transmission Extra-High-Voltage Substation
(275/132 kV)

Commercial/ 132 kV
Industrial Transmission Transmission
Customer
System

Distribution Substation
Urban (33/11 kV) 33 kV Sub-transmission
Customers Distribution
System
(11kV)
High-Voltage Substation
Distribution Line (132/33 kV)
Overhead
Distribution
Underground Cable Transformer

To Other
415V
230V High-Voltage
Residential Residential
Underground Substations
Customer Customer
Distribution Transfomer
 SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology

Reduce losses –
transfer more energy
compared to HVAC
Bulk and long power
Environmental friendly – transfer
Require fewer overhead HVDC
lines to deliver the same
amount of power as HVAC Vs. Reduce Right-of-Way –
systems. HVAC Reduce size and visual
impact
Enable power systems to
use generating plants more
efficiently, for example Lower investment cost - over a certain
substituting thermal distance (break-even distance approx.
generation with available 600 – 800 km), the HVDC alternative will
hydropower resources always provide the lowest cost.
 SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology

Power plant : Generator,

turbine and reactor

Transmission : TL tower,
conductors/cables,
insulators

Substations: Transformer,
CB, disconnected switch,
CT/VT, surge arrester,
component insulators
 SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology

Typical  substa-on  
 SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology
Switchgears  
Ø  Fuses,  relays,  CT  and  circuit  breakers  are  the  
main  part  of  switchgear.    
Ø  Protect  and  isolate  electrical  equipment  
 Circuit  breaker  

Vacuum  circuit   Air  circuit  breaker  

breaker,  inside  the  
switchgear  

SF6  circuit  
breaker  
Oil  circuit  
breaker  in  
HV   distribuAon  
fuses   circuit  
SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology

Power  transformer  
Instrument  Transformers  (Current/Poten-al  transformer)  

Bus bar

Current CT
Disconnect Circuit Disconnect
breaker
 SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology

Instrument  Transformers  (Current/Poten-al  transformer)  

Lightning  
Arrester  
 SEE 4463 High Voltage Technology

Protect the insulation and conductors of the

system from the damaging effects of lightning
[1] electrical conductor
[9] varistor arrangement
[4,6] two electrical connections . [6] is
connected to high voltage and the other
[4] is connected to ground,
[5] a bushing insulator
[11] clamping apparatus - applies a
contact force to the electrical
connections .
The clamping apparatus has an
insulating part which applies the contact
force to the two electrical connections.
The bushing insulator is in the form of a
molding and has a supporting element,
provided with a guide surface, for a
contact [1a] (which is connected to the
electrical conductor [1]) in a plug
connection to a cable or to an apparatus
bushing of an electrical apparatus.