Discrete Mathematics

(Propositions and Logic and Bit

Operations) By
Muhammad Sohaib Yousaf
Proposition
s•
Which of the following statement is a proposition?
a) Get me a glass of milkshake
b) God bless you!
c) What is the time now?
d) The only odd prime number is 2
Proposition
s•
Which of the following statement is a proposition?
a) Get me a glass of milkshake
b) God bless you!
c) What is the time now?
d) The only odd prime number is 2
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: Only this statement has got the truth value which is false
Proposition
s•
The truth value of ‘4+3=7 or 5 is not prime’.
a) False
b) True
Proposition
s•
The truth value of ‘4+3=7 or 5 is not prime’.
a) False
b) True
View Answer
• Answer: b
Explanation: Compound statement with ‘or’ is true when either of the
statement is true. Here the first part of the statement is true, hence
the whole is true
Proposition
s•
Which of the following option is true?
a) If the Sun is a planet, elephants will fly
b) 3 +2 = 8 if 5-2 = 7
c) 1 > 3 and 3 is a positive integer
d) -2 > 3 or 3 is a negative integer
Proposition
s•
Which of the following option is true?
a) If the Sun is a planet, elephants will fly
b) 3 +2 = 8 if 5-2 = 7
c) 1 > 3 and 3 is a positive integer
d) -2 > 3 or 3 is a negative integer
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: Hypothesis is false, thus the whole statement is true
Proposition
s•
What is the value of x after this statement, assuming the initial value
of x is 5?
‘If x equals to one then x=x+2 else x=0’.
a) 1
b) 3
c) 0
d) 2
Proposition
s•
What is the value of x after this statement, assuming the initial value of
x is 5?
‘If x equals to one then x=x+2 else x=0’.
a) 1
b) 3
c) 0
d) 2
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: If condition is false so value decided according to else
condition
Proposition
s•
Let P: I am in Bangalore.; Q: I love cricket.; then q -> p(q implies p) is?
a) If I love cricket then I am in Bangalore
b) If I am in Bangalore then I love cricket
c) I am not in Bangalore
d) I love cricket
Proposition
s•
Let P: I am in Bangalore.; Q: I love cricket.; then q -> p(q implies p) is?
a) If I love cricket then I am in Bangalore
b) If I am in Bangalore then I love cricket
c) I am not in Bangalore
d) I love cricket
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: Q is hypothesis and P is conclusion. So the compound
statement will be if hypothesis then conclusion
Proposition
s•
Let P: If Sahil bowls, Saurabh hits a century.; Q: If Raju bowls, Sahil
gets out on first ball. Now if P is true and Q is false then which of the
following can be true?
a) Raju bowled and Sahil got out on first ball
b) Raju did not bowled
c) Sahil bowled and Saurabh hits a century
d) Sahil bowled and Saurabh got out
Proposition
s•
Let P: If Sahil bowls, Saurabh hits a century.; Q: If Raju bowls, Sahil gets
out on first ball. Now if P is true and Q is false then which of the
following can be true?
a) Raju bowled and Sahil got out on first ball
b) Raju did not bowled
c) Sahil bowled and Saurabh hits a century
d) Sahil bowled and Saurabh got out
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Either hypothesis should be false or both (hypothesis and
conclusion) should be true.
Proposition
s•
The truth value ‘9 is prime then 3 is even’.
a) False
b) True
Proposition
s•
The truth value ‘9 is prime then 3 is even’.
a) False
b) True
View Answer
• Answer: b
Explanation: The first part of the statement is false, hence whole is
true
Proposition
s•
Let P: I am in Delhi.; Q: Delhi is clean.; then q ^ p(q and p) is?
a) Delhi is clean and I am in Delhi
b) Delhi is not clean or I am in Delhi
c) I am in Delhi and Delhi is not clean
d) Delhi is clean but I am in Mumbai
Proposition
s•
Let P: I am in Delhi.; Q: Delhi is clean.; then q ^ p(q and p) is?
a) Delhi is clean and I am in Delhi
b) Delhi is not clean or I am in Delhi
c) I am in Delhi and Delhi is not clean
d) Delhi is clean but I am in Mumbai
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: Connector should be ‘and’, that is q and p
Proposition
s•
Let P: This is a great website, Q: You should not come back here. Then
‘This is a great website and you should come back here.’ is best
represented by?
a) ~P V ~Q
b) P ∧~Q
c) P V Q
d) P ∧Q
Proposition
s•
Let P: This is a great website, Q: You should not come back here. Then
‘This is a great website and you should come back here.’ is best
represented by?
a) ~P V ~Q
b) P ∧~Q
c) P V Q
d) P ∧Q
View Answer
• Answer: b
Explanation: The second part of the statement is negated, hence
negation operator is used.
Proposition
s•
Let P: We should be honest., Q: We should be dedicated., R: We
should be overconfident. Then ‘We should be honest or dedicated but
not overconfident.’ is best represented by?
a) ~P V ~Q V R
b) P ∧~Q ∧R
c) P V Q ∧R
d) P V Q ∧~R
Proposition
s•
Let P: We should be honest., Q: We should be dedicated., R: We should
be overconfident. Then ‘We should be honest or dedicated but not
overconfident.’ is best represented by?
a) ~P V ~Q V R
b) P ∧~Q ∧R
c) P V Q ∧R
d) P V Q ∧~R
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: The third part of the statement is negated, hence negation
operator is used, for (‘or’ –V) is used and for(’but’- ∧)
Logic and Bit
Operations
•
Which of the following bits is the negation of the bits “010110”?
a) 111001
b) 001001
c) 101001
d) 111111
Logic and Bit
Operations
• Which of the following bits is the negation of the bits “010110”?
a) 111001
b) 001001
c) 101001
d) 111111
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Flip each of the bit to get the negation of the required
string
Logic and Bit
Operations
•
Which of the following option is suitable, if A is “10110110”, B
is”11100000” and C is”10100000”?
a) C=A or B
b) C=~A
c) C=~B
d) C=A and B
Logic and Bit
Operations
• Which of the following option is suitable, if A is “10110110”, B
is”11100000” and C is”10100000”?
a) C=A or B
b) C=~A
c) C=~B
d) C=A and B
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: Output of and is 1 when both other inputs are one
Logic and Bit
Operations
•
How many bits string of length 4 are possible such that they contain 2
ones and 2 zeroes?
a) 4
b) 2
c) 5
d) 6
Logic and Bit
Operations
• How many bits string of length 4 are possible such that they contain 2
ones and 2 zeroes?
a) 4
b) 2
c) 5
d) 6
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: The strings are {0011, 0110, 1001, 1100, 1010 and 0101}
Logic and Bit
Operations
•
If a bit string contains {0, 1} only, having length 5 has no more than 2
ones in it. Then how many such bit strings are possible?
a) 14
b) 12
c) 15
d) 16
Logic and Bit
Operations
• If a bit string contains {0, 1} only, having length 5 has no more than 2
ones in it. Then how many such bit strings are possible?
a) 14
b) 12
c) 15
d) 16
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: The total strings are 1(having no one in it) +5(having 1
one in it) +10 (having 2 ones in it) = 16
Logic and Bit
Operations
•
If A is “001100” and B is “010101” then what is the value of A (Ex-or)
B?
a) 000000
b) 111111
c) 001101
d) 011001
Logic and Bit
Operations
• If A is “001100” and B is “010101” then what is the value of A (Ex-or)
B?
a) 000000
b) 111111
c) 001101
d) 011001
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: In Ex-or if both the inputs are same then output is 0
otherwise 1
Logic and Bit
Operations
•
The Ex-nor of this string “01010101” with “11111111” is?
a) 10101010
b) 00110100
c) 01010101
d) 10101001
Logic and Bit
Operations
• The Ex-nor of this string “01010101” with “11111111” is?
a) 10101010
b) 00110100
c) 01010101
d) 10101001
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: In Ex-nor if both the inputs are same then output is 1
otherwise 0
Logic and Bit
Operations
•
What is the one’s complement of this string “01010100”?
a) 10101010
b) 00110101
c) 10101011
d) 10101001
Logic and Bit
Operations
• What is the one’s complement of this string “01010100”?
a) 10101010
b) 00110101
c) 10101011
d) 10101001
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Negate every bit in one’s complement.
Logic and Bit
Operations
•
What is the 2’s complement of this string “01010100”?
a) 10101010
b) 00110100
c) 10101100
d) 10101001
Logic and Bit
Operations
• What is the 2’s complement of this string “01010100”?
a) 10101010
b) 00110100
c) 10101100
d) 10101001
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: In two’s complement negate every bit from left until the
first one from right is encountered
Logic and Bit
Operations
•
If in a bits string of {0,1}, of length 4, such that no two ones are
together. Then the total number of such possible strings are?
a) 1
b) 5
c) 7
d) 4
Logic and Bit
Operations
• If in a bits string of {0,1}, of length 4, such that no two ones are
together. Then the total number of such possible strings are?
a) 1
b) 5
c) 7
d) 4
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Strings can be {1001, 1010, 0101, 1000, 0100, 0010,
0001}
Logic and Bit
Operations
•
Let A: “010101”, B=?, If { A (Ex-or) B } is a resultant string of all ones
then which of the following statement regarding B is correct?
a) B is negation of A
b) B is 101010
c) {A (and) B} is a resultant string having all zeroes
d) All of the mentioned
Logic and Bit
Operations
• Let A: “010101”, B=?, If { A (Ex-or) B } is a resultant string of all ones
then which of the following statement regarding B is correct?
a) B is negation of A
b) B is 101010
c) {A (and) B} is a resultant string having all zeroes
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: In Ex-or both if both the inputs are the same then output
is 0 otherwise 1