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Foundation Settlement Secondary Consolidation

Secondary settlement occurs over time under sustained loading and is made up of two parts: 1) Creep settlement from constant applied stress 2) Secondary consolidation settlement that can be calculated using the secondary compression index, clay layer thickness, and time. The secondary compression index can be determined through a consolidation test or estimated using empirical equations published in literature. It represents the change in void ratio over time on a log scale. Preloading a site can be used to reduce expected secondary settlement by overconsolidating the soil.

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197 views5 pages

Foundation Settlement Secondary Consolidation

Secondary settlement occurs over time under sustained loading and is made up of two parts: 1) Creep settlement from constant applied stress 2) Secondary consolidation settlement that can be calculated using the secondary compression index, clay layer thickness, and time. The secondary compression index can be determined through a consolidation test or estimated using empirical equations published in literature. It represents the change in void ratio over time on a log scale. Preloading a site can be used to reduce expected secondary settlement by overconsolidating the soil.

Uploaded by

xingze lu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Secondary Settlement

Knight 2019

Chapter 9.13 page 386 DAS

Total Settlement due to an Increase in


Vertical Stress ()
q
Immediate Time (days)
(Elastic)

Primary Consolidation

z Secondary (Plastic)

Settlement (mm)

1
Total Settlement due to an Increase in
Vertical Stress ()

ST = Si + Sc + Ss
St = Total settlement
Se = Immediate (elastic) settlement
Sc = Consolidation settlement (time-dependent)
Ss= Secondary settlement (time-dependent)

Secondary Settlement
 Creep settlement from applied constant
stress and is constant from application of
stress
Applied
Stress

Log Time

C = Secondary Compression Index


Void ratio e

2
Secondary Settlement (Consolidation)
𝑡2
𝑆𝑐 𝐶∝ 𝐻𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑠 𝑡1
where:
Sc(s) = Secondary consolidation
C = Secondary Compression Index
Hc = Clay layer thickness
t1 and t2 = time

Secondary Compression Index


Can determine C by:

1) Complete a Consolidation test on clay


sample taken from the field

2) Estimate from Empirical Equations


published in the literature

3
Consolidation Test
Void Ratio e
∆𝑒
𝐶∝ 𝑡2
𝐿𝑜𝑔
Primary
𝑡1
Primary Consolidation done

eprimary
Secondary e
eTotal

t100 t1 t2
Log Time

Empirical Equations
 Mesri (1973)
C = 0.0001w
where w = water content
for O/C clay ca = 0.0005 to 0.001

 Mesri and Godleski (1977)


𝐶∝
0.04 0.01
𝐶

4
Empirical Equations
 Mesri and Godleski (1977)
∝
0.04 0.01 for inorganic Clays and Silts

𝐶∝
0.05 0.01 for organic Clays and Silts
𝐶

∝
0.075 0.01 for Peats

Secondary Settlement
 If high secondary settlement is expected
you can preload the site to over consolidate
the soil.

Richmond BC

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