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Introduction To Database Management

This document introduces database management and provides an overview of key concepts. It discusses how database technology is crucial to modern organizations and provides goals for covering fundamentals of relational databases, data modeling, application development, and administration. An outline presents topics like database characteristics, DBMS features, architectures, and organizational roles. Examples of university and water utility databases illustrate common database structures and relationships.

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Bintang Sonda Sitorus Pane
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30 views28 pages

Introduction To Database Management

This document introduces database management and provides an overview of key concepts. It discusses how database technology is crucial to modern organizations and provides goals for covering fundamentals of relational databases, data modeling, application development, and administration. An outline presents topics like database characteristics, DBMS features, architectures, and organizational roles. Examples of university and water utility databases illustrate common database structures and relationships.

Uploaded by

Bintang Sonda Sitorus Pane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Introduction to Database Management


Welcome!
l Database technology: crucial to the
operation and management of modern
organizations
l Major transformation in computing skills
l Significant time commitment
l Exciting journey ahead
Book Goals
l First course in database management
l Practical textbook
– Fundamentals of relational databases
– Data modeling and normalization
– Database application development
– Database administration and database
processing environments
l Detailed material
Outline
l Database characteristics
l DBMS features
l Architectures
l Organizational roles
Initial Vocabulary
l Data: raw facts about things and events
l Information: transformed data that has
value for decision making
l Essential to organize data for retrieval and
maintenance
Database Characteristics
l Persistent

l Inter-related

l Shared
University Database

Faculty
Registration
Entities: Assignment
students, faculty, courses,
offerings, enrollments
Relationships:
faculty teach offerings,
Grade students enroll in Course
Recording offerings, offerings made Scheduling
of courses, ...

University Database
Water Utility Database

Payment
Billing Processing
Entities:
customers, meters, bills,
payments, meter readings
Relationships :
bills sent to customers,
Meter customers make payments, Service Start/
customers use meters, ...
Reading Stop
Database Management System
(DBMS)
l Collection of components that support data
acquisition, dissemination, storage,
maintenance, retrieval, and formatting
l Enterprise DBMSs
l Desktop DBMSs
l Embedded DBMSs
l Major part of information technology
infrastructure
Database Definition
l Define database before using
l Tables and relationships
l SQL CREATE TABLE statement
l Graphical tools
University Database
University Database (ERD)
Student Offering Faculty
StdSSN OfferNo FacSSN
StdClass OffLocation Teaches FacSalary
StdMajor OffTime FacRank
StdGPA Has FacHireDate

Supervises
Accepts

Registers Course
Enrollment CourseNo
CrsDesc
EnrGrade
CrsUnits
Nonprocedural Access Loop

l Query: request for data to answer a


question
l Indicate what parts of database to retrieve
not the procedural details
l Improve productivity and improve
accessibility
l SQL SELECT statement and graphical
tools
Graphical Tool for
Nonprocedural Access
Application Development
l Form: formatted document for data entry
and display
l Report: formatted document for display
l Use nonprocedural access to specify data
requirements of forms and reports
Sample Data Entry Form
Sample Report
Procedural Language Interface
l Combine procedural language with
nonprocedural access
l Why
– Batch processing
– Customization and automation
– Performance improvement
Transaction Processing
l Transaction: unit of work that should be
reliably processed
l Control simultaneous users
l Recover from failures
Database Technology Evolution

Era Generation Orientation Major Features


1960s 1st Generation File File structures and
proprietary program
interfaces
1970s 2nd Generation Network Networks and hierarchies
Navigation of related records,
standard program
interfaces
1980s 3rd Generation Relational Non-procedural
languages, optimization,
transaction processing
1990s 4th Generation Object Multi-media, active,
distributed processing,
more powerful operators
DBMS Marketplace
l Enterprise DBMS
– Oracle: dominates in Unix; strong in Windows
– SQL Server: strong in Windows
– Informix: significant Unix marketshare
– DB2: strong in mainframe environment
l Desktop DBMS
– Access: dominates
– FoxPro, Paradox, Approach, FileMaker Pro
Data Independence
l Software maintenance is a large part (50%)
of information system budgets
l Reduce impact of changes by separating
database description from applications
l Change database definition with minimal
effect on applications that use the database
Three Schema Architecture
External
View 1 View 2 View n Level

External to
Conceptual
Conceptual Conceptual
Mappings
Schema Level
Conceptual
to Internal
Mappings Internal
Internal Level
Schema
Differences among Levels
l External
– FacultyAssignmentFormView: data required
for the form in Slide 16 (Figure 1.9)
– FacultyWorkLoadReportView: data required
for the report in Slide 17 (Figure 1.10)
l Conceptual: tables in Slide 11
l Internal
– Files needed to store the tables
– Extra files to improve performance
Client-Server Architecture
a) Client, server, and b) Mulitple clients and 1 server
database on the on different computers
same computer

Client Client Server

Server
Client

Client Database

Database
c) Multiple servers and databases on different computers

Client Server Server Client

Client Client

Database Database
Organizational Roles

Specialization

Functional User Information Systems

Indirect Parametric Power DBA Analyst/Programmer Management

Technical Non Technical


Database Specialists
l Database administrator (DBA)
– More technical
– DBMS specific skills
l Data administrator
– Less technical
– Planning role
Summary
l Databases and database technology vital to
modern organizations
l Database technology supports daily
operations and decision making
l Nonprocedural access is a crucial feature
l Many opportunities to work with databases

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