AP10005 –Physics I
AP10008 – University Physics I
Chapter 11
Angular Momentum
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Intended Learning Outcomes
• To apply the concept of angular momentum in isolated and non-isolated
systems
2 Intended Learning Outcomes
Newton’s second law in terms of angular momentum
dL
Consider a force is applied on a particle of mass m
F dt
located at the vector position for rotational motion (The
force actually provides a torque on the mass for the
rotation). dp
r F r
dt
dr
Adding a term dt p 0 to the above equation,
dp dr d dL
r p r p
dt dt dt dt
where L r p is defined as the angular momentum.
The SI units of angular momentum are (kg.m2)/ s.
L L rp sin
Both the magnitude and direction of the angular
momentum depend on the choice of origin.
3 Section 11.2
The vector L r p is pointed out of
the diagram.
The magnitude is L = rp sin 90o = mvr
sin 90o is used since v is
perpendicular to r.
A particle in uniform circular motion has
a constant angular momentum about an
axis through the center of its path.
4 Section 11.2
1. Using the torque-angular momentum approach:
dL
ext
dt
d v
m1 gR m1vR m2vR MR2
dt R
m1 gR m1 m2 M R
dv
dt
m1 g
a
m1 m2 M
5 Section 11.2
2. Using the torque-angular acceleration approach:
For m1: For pulley: For m2: T2 T2
m1 g T1 m1a
T1R T2 R MR2 T2 m2 a
T1
m1 g m1a R m2aR MR a 2
R T1
m1 g
a
m1 m2 M
m1 g
6 Section 11.2
Angular Momentum of a Rotating Rigid Object
Consider an rigid object rotating
along
an axis with angular velocity .
To calculate the angular momentum of
the rigid object, we divide it into many
small particles.
The angular momentum of an individual
particle is
Li ri pi ri mi vi ri mi rii mi ri 2
Li and are directed along the z axis.
The total angular momentum of the
rigid object is then:
2
Lz Li mi ri mi ri I
2
i i i
7 Section 11.3
Estimate the magnitude of the angular
momentum of a bowling ball with mass of
7.0 kg and a radius of 12 cm which is
spinning at 10 rev/s as shown.
8 Section 11.3
Conservation of Angular Momentum
dp
Similar to the linear case with Fext dt , we have conservation of linear
p
momentum ( ) when there is no net force acting on the system.
dL
In angular case with ext , we have conservation of angular momentum ( L )
dt
when there is no net torque acting on the system.
L is conserved if there is no net torque acting on the system.
9 Section 11.4
Conservation of Angular Momentum, cont
If the system is deformable such that the mass of the isolated system undergoes
redistribution, the moment of inertia changes.
The conservation of angular momentum requires a compensating change in
the angular velocity.
Ii i = If f = constant
This holds for rotation about a fixed axis and for rotation about an axis through the
center of mass of a moving system.
The net torque must be zero in any case.
10 Section 11.4
Conservation Law Summary
For an isolated system -
(1) Conservation of Energy:
Ei = Ef
If there is no energy transfers across the system boundary
(2) Conservation of Linear Momentum:
pi pf
If the net external force on the system is zero
(3) Conservation of Angular Momentum:
L i Lf
If the net external torque on the system is zero
11 Section 11.4
12 Section 11.4
Conservation of linear momentum:
Conservation of angular momentum:
Conservation of energy:
13 Section 11.4
14 Section 11.4
15 Section 11.4
16
Summary
17 Summary
Summary
18 Summary
