Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Atlas of
Atlas of 3D
3D Ultrasound
Ultrasound
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Contents
• History of Ultrasound
• Principle of 3D Ultrasound
• 3D Utilities
• Clinical Advantages of 3D Ultrasound
• 3D Quick Operations
– ACCUVIX XQ 3D
– SA8000LV 3D
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
History of
History of Ultrasound
Ultrasound
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Technology development
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Diagnostic A mode
• Examining brain lesions: Lars Leksell & JC
Turner, early 1950s
• Applications: Ophthalmology & neurology
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Static B mode
Threshold detection (Bi-stable tube)
: Echoes displayed as dots of constant intensity
without information on echo amplitude.
> Good for representation of size, shapes, and
position
> No information for depiction of the internal
echoes
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Real time B mode (Mechanical
method)
Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
The first use of Sector Probe : The element installed
on the tip of the probe brings on a fan-shape
injection rotation by motor
Real Time Image : 20~30 frame/s
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Real time B mode (Electronic method)
Electronic Probe : Obtain an image using each of a element
Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
with the front of Probe with many slender element which is
in the shape of a rectangular and we can drive each of a
element with electronical switch
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Concept of 3D
2D 3D 4D
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Comparison With 2D and 3D
Real Time 2D(B-Mode)
-NO Coronal Plane.
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-Limitation of View Angle
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Comparison With 2D and 3D
3D Scan
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Freely Scan Arbitrary Plane
C Plane(Coronal)
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Comparison With 2D and 3D
2D 3D
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Narrow View Angle Wide View Angle
No Coronal Plane View Coronal Plane View
Inaccuracy Volume Accuracy Volume
Measurement Measurement(VOCAL)
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Static 3D
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Live 3D
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Classification of 3D US
Worst Performance
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• Workstation 3D
– Post processing 3D with VHS output
– Poor image resolution and non-dynamic 3D
• Freehand 3D
– Post processing 3D with 2D image
– Poor image resolution and non-dynamic 3D
• Integrated 3D (electrical 3D probe, Aloka)
– Live 3D but poor image resolution
– Poor multi-plane image
• Integrated 3D (mechanical 3D probe)
– Genuine 3D
– Good resolution
– Dynamic 3D display (Live 3D) Best Performance
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Principles of
Principles of 3D
3D Ultrasound
Ultrasound
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
How 3D image is produced?
• Data acquisition
• Scan conversion
• Volume rendering
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Data Process
3D Image
3D Scan Conversion
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Data Acquisition I
Step 1: Probe selection
3D convex Probe 3D Linear Probe 3D Vaginal Probe
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Data Acquisition I
Step 2: Data scanning
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3D Convex Probe
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Data Acquisition I
Step 2: Data scanning
3D Vaginal Probe
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Data Acquisition I
Step 2: Data scanning
3D Linear Probe
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
ROI(Region of Interest)
ROI in 2D mode
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
ROI(Region of Interest)
Step 3: Adjust ROI Size
Axial Depth, Lateral View Angle, Elevation Angle
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ROI(Region of Interest)
• Auto ROI(Only ACCUIX XQ)
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Data Acquisition
Data Acquisition
Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Comparison of Sequence between adjustable ROI and Aut
Adjustable ROI
Change button Adjustable ROI
Auto ROI(Quickly and Easy 3D)
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Data Acquisition
• Scan Quality Selection (ACCUVIX XQ 4 step,
SA8000 3 step)
– Low : FR is fast but spatial resolution is low
quality
– Mid
– High
– Extreme : slow but spatial resolution is
excellent !!
Volume Frame Rate Data Quantity 3D Image Spatial Resolution
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3D Scan conversion
Echo= f(x,y,z)
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Z direction
Z direction
3D Scan 변환
Y direction
X direction
X direction Y direction
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
3D Scan conversion
• Definition of Voxel
A voxel is a cubic cell, which
has a single value cover
the entire cubic region
Cartesian Data
Voxel is the unique criteria of 3D image resolution
including Rendering image and Sliced View
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3D Scan conversion
A-Plane B-Plane
3D volume resolution
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Axial resolution
C-Plane
Elevation resolution
Lateral resolution
• A-Plane resolution: Axial resolution x Lateral resolution
• B-Plane resolution: Lateral resolution x Elevation resolution
• C-Plane resolution: Elevation resolution x Lateral resolution
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3D Data
B Plane
A Plane
C Plane 3D Image
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Volume Rendering
• Rendering mode
– Surface mode
– Transparent Mode
• Maximum transparent mode
• Minimum transparent mode
• X-ray mode
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Volume Rendering (Surface mode)
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Volume Rendering (Transparent mode)
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• Transparent mode
– Maximum mode
• The maximum gray values of the ROI
characterization of hyper-echoic structures
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Volume Rendering (Transparent mode)
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• Transparent mode
– Minimum mode
• The minimum gray values of the ROI
characterization of hypo-echoic structures
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Volume Rendering (Transparent mode)
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• Transparent mode
– X-Ray mode
• Presentation of all gray values (mean values) within
ROI can be combined with Maximum and Minimum
modes Noninvasive study of fetal skeleton
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
3D Utilities
3D Utilities
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
3D Utilities
• MULTI-PLANAR IMAGING
• VolumeCT mode
• VOCAL
• SHELL IMAGING
• SEE-THRU MODE
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Multi-planar Imaging
A-Plane B-Plane
C-Plane Orientation Help
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Volume CT mode
Transverse
Coronal
Sagital
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
VOCAL
• Virtual Organ Computer Aided Analysis
– Accurate volume measurement of mass by the
automatically contour detected and rendered real mass
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
SHELL Imaging
• Result
– Independent from Vascularization the “3D shell-values”
are constant and give a measure how many blood
flows through the “tumor”.
– The Vascularization index applied to the full volume of
“tumor” is a measure how the blood is distributed inside
tumor.
– The Flow index remains constant because this is not
measure for volume-flow, it is a measure for mean
velocity of flow only.
– The VI, FI, VFI were obtained
– The VI represents the vessels in the tissue, the FI
represents the average intensity of flow, and the VFI
represents both vascularization and flow.
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SHELL Imaging
Image courtesy of Dr.YC. Chang, National Taiwan University Hospital
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
SEE-THRU MODE
• 3D imaging simultaneously for muscle tissue
and blood vessels as well
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Clinical Advantages
Clinical Advantages of
of 3D
3D
Ultrasound
Ultrasound
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Multi-Planar Imaging
• Congenital uterine abnormal(A,B,C Plane)
• Fetal cleft lip and palate detection
• Needle Position during breast biopsy
• Prostate Volume measurement
• NT measurement
• Intrauterine contraceptive device localization
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Multi-Planar Imaging
Complete diagnosis of cleft lip on 3D multi-planar view
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
SHELL IMAGING
• Used to measure the Pre-and Post-TAE
vascularity of Hepatocellular
• The tumor volume, Vascularization Index(VI),
Flow Index(VFI) and mean grayness(MG) are
Obtained
courtesy of Dr.YC. Chang, National Taiwan University Hospital
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SHELL IMAGING
Pre Trans Arterial Embolization Vacularity of Hepatocellular
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Images courtesy of Dr.YC. Chang, National Taiwan University Hospital
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SHELL IMAGING
Post Trans Arterial Embolization Vacularity of Hepatocellular
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Images courtesy of Dr.YC. Chang, National Taiwan University Hospital
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SEE-THRU MODE
Fe
ta
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lC
irc
ula
tio
n
Lateral
Oblique
Frontage
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Gynecology
Congenital uterine abnormal – Bicornuate uterus
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Gynecology
mass
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Uterus Endometrium
Uterus Mass in Surface Rendering
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Obstetrics
Meningomyelocele
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Obstetrics
Anecephaly
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Obstetrics
Limbs with developmental defect and body edema
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Obstetrics
Cleft lip and palate
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Obstetrics
Limbs with developmental defect
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Accuvix XQ
Accuvix XQ 3D
3D
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Probe Selection
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Live 3D
2D Press button
Adjustable ROI
Freeze
Live 3D Selection Press button
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Live 3D
• Display image format select
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A B
Multi-planar image
e
C
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Live 3D
Orientation
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
Live 3D
2D Press button
Adjustable ROI
Freeze
Live 3D Selection Press button
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
VOCAL
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VOCAL
Result
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Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
SA8000LV 3D
SA8000LV 3D
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Live 3D
Probe Selection
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Press button
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Live 3D
Live 3D
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3D
Press button
Live 3D
Press Keyboard
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Live 3D
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Live 3D
3D
Atlas of 3D Ultrasound
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