As we all know that communication plays a necessary role in our daily life.

Todaypeople can
communicate any time, anywhere and with anyone over mobile phonenetwork.Now, the
Internet provides people to huge quantity of data and informationfrom any remotely located
server to their home computers.Meanwhile human havemade many electronic devices such
as Personal Digital Assistants(PDAs)[1], digitalcameras and other such devices.Also the size
of these devices are becoming smallenough due to which they can carry or even wear various
personal information.Sothere must be a possibility of communication between electronic
devices on the humanbody(wearable computers) and ones embedded in our everyday
environments, so thisnotion has led many researchers to research and develop on human area
network.
Wired connections between these electronic devices in human areanetwork
are cumbersome in such scenario.One of the better ways to overcome thisproblem is the
implementation of a new type of network system on which user canrely and guarantee.

AFFLIATED TO JNTU UNIVERSITY PEDATADEPALLI,TADEPALLIGUDEM.

 …HUMAN AREA NETWORK

Presented by,
B.Surekha Devi,Ch.Sridevi
III/IV B.Tech,CSE,
SriVasaviEngieeringCollege,
Tadepalligudem,Pedatadepalli.
E-mail: siri.bodapati@gmail.com
siri515thesmiley@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Human Area Networking Technology: 
This paper describes a novel networking technology, called RedTacton, developed by
NTT. RedTacton could ultimately let people transfer data to each other's handhelds by means of
a handshake or a slap on the back. Using a transmitter embedded in, say, a PDA, RedTacton
sends a 5-volt pulse along the surface of the body. The human body shunts most of this
electricity to the ground, resulting in a weak electric field that can be modulated to carry signals.
The receiver is located either on another part of the body - a component of a hands-free headset
or in an acquaintance's PDA. As it senses modulations in the electric field, the receiver decodes
them to recover the data. While a good idea, RedTacton unfortunately has no compelling
applications that aren't already available. It doesn't work reliably yet and has also been
experiencing face perception problems among the general public.

Introduction

RedTacton: An innovative Human Area Networking technology that uses the

surface of the human body as a transmissionpath
- Communication through natural human actions: touching, holding, walking...
Technology is making many things easier. Red Tacton is a new human area network technology.
It gives us safe and high speed network transmission
Def :-
“Red Tacton is a new Human Area Networking technology that uses the surface of the
human body as a safe, high speed network transmission path. Red Tacton uses the minute
electric field emitted on the surface of the human body”.
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT, headquartered in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo.
President and CEO, Norio Wada) is pursuing research and development of an innovative Human
Area Networking technology called RedTacton (*1) that safely turns the surface of the human
body into a data transmission path at speeds up to 10 Mbps between any two points on the body.
Using a novel electro-optic sensor (*2), NTT has already developed a small PCMCIA card-sized
prototype RedTacton transceiver (seeFig. 1). RedTacton enables the first practical Human Area
Network between body-centered electronic devices and PCs or other network devices embedded
in the environment via a new generation of user interface based on totally natural human actions
such as touching, holding, sitting, walking, or stepping on a particular spot. RedTacton can be
used for intuitive operation of computer-based systems in daily life, temporary one-to-one
private networks based on personal handshaking, device personalization, security, and a host of
other applications based on new behavior patterns enabled by RedTacton. NTT is committed to
moving RedTacton out of the laboratory and into commercial production as quickly as possible
by organizing joint field trials with partners outside the company, under NTT's comprehensive
producer (*3) program

1. Background
Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous computing, when networks are seamlessly
interconnected and information is always accessible at our fingertips. The practical
implementation of ubiquitous services requires three levels of connectivity:
Wide Area Networks (WAN), typically via the Internet, to remotely connect all types of
severs and terminals; Local Area Networks (LAN), typically via Ethernet or WiFi
connectivity among all the information and communication appliances in offices and
homes; and Human Area Networks (HAN) for connectivity to personal information,
media and communication appliances within the much smaller sphere of ordinary daily
activities-- the last one meter. NTT's RedTacton is a break-through technology that, for
the first time, enables reliable high-speed HAN. In the past, Bluetooth, infrared
communications (IrDA), radio frequency ID systems (RFID), and other technologies
have been proposed to solve the "last meter" connectivity problem. However, they each
have various fundamental technical limitations that constrain their usage, such as the
precipitous fall-off in transmission speed in multi-user environments producing network
congestion.
2. TechnicalPoints

RedTacton takes a different technical approach. Instead of relying on electromagnetic

waves or light waves to carry data, RedTacton uses weak electric fields on the surface of
the body (*4) as a transmission medium. Figure 2 illustrates the basic principles of
 operation. A RedTacton transmitter couples with extremely weak electric fields on the
surface of the body. The weak electric fields pass through the body to a RedTacton
receiver, where the weak electric fields affects the optical properties of an electro-optic
crystal. The extent to which the optical properties are changed is detected by laser light
which is then converted to an electrical signal by a detector circuit.
The three major functional features of RedTacton are highlighted below.

1.A communications path can be created with a simple touch, automatically initiating the
flow of data between a body-centric electronic device and a computer that is embedded in the
environment. For example, two people equipped with RedTacton devices could exchange
data just by shaking hands. A wide range of natural human actions -- grasping, sitting down,
walking, or standing in a particular place -- can be used to trigger RedTacton to start a
networked process.

2. Using a RedTacton electro-optic sensor, two-way communication is supported between

any two points on the body at a throughput of up to 10 Mbps. Communication is not just
confined to the surface of the body, but can travel through the user's clothing to a RedTacton
device in a pocket or through shoes to communicate with a RedTacton device embedded in
the floor. Unlike wireless technologies, the transmission speed does not deteriorate even in
the presence of large crowds of people all communicating at the same time in meeting rooms,
auditoriums or stores. Because the body surface is the transmission path, increasing the
number of connected users directly increases the available number of individual
communication channels.

3. RedTacton can utilize a wide range of materials as a transmission medium, as long as the
material is conductive and dielectric, which includes water and other liquids, various metals,
certain plastics, glass, etc. Using ordinary structures such as tables and walls that are familiar
and readily available, one could easily construct a seamless communication environment at
very low cost using RedTacton. (Note that constraints are imposed by the length and
environment of the propagating conductor, and by the thickness of the dielectric.)

3. Potential Applications
With the ability to send attribute data from personal information devices worn on the body to
computers embedded in the environment, one-to-one services could be implemented that are
tailored to the individual needs of the user.

- RedTacton devices embedded medicine bottles transmit information on the medicines'

attributes. If the user touches the wrong medicine, an alarm will trigger on the terminal he is
carrying.

- The alarm sounds only if the user actually touches the medicine bottle, reducing false
alarms common with passive wireless ID tags, which can trigger simply by proximity.

When a consumer stands in front of an advertising panel, advertising and information matching
his or her attributes is automatically displayed.

By touching or standing in front of items they are interested in, consumers can get more in-depth
information.
- Intuitive operation of personal information devices

Communication is triggered by totally natural human actions and behavior, so there is no need to
insert smart cards, connect cables, tune frequencies, or any of the other inconveniences usually
associated with today's electronic devices.

- Device personalization
Setup, registration, and configuration information for an individual user can all be uploaded to a
device the instant the device is touched, eliminating the need for the device to be registered or
configured in advance.

- New behavior patterns

Tables, walls, floors and chairs can all act as conductors and dielectrics, turning furniture and
other architectural elements into a new class of transmission medium. For example, a user could
have instant access to the Internet merely by placing a laptop onto a conductive tabletop.

- Security applications
RedTacton could be installed on doors, cabinets and other locations calling for secure access,
such that each secure access could be initiated and authenticated with a simple touch. At the
same time, all the transaction details and relevant user attributes (personal identity, security
clearance, etc.) could be logged by the security system.

4. Enlisting Partners for Collaborative Field Trials

NTT hopes to conduct joint field trials in cooperation with outside companies and organizations
to explore potential applications, verify RedTacton reliability, fine-tune the system, and gather
business and market data.
Trial period: from April to September, 2005 (planned)
RedTacton equipment:NIT will lend partners RedTacton
Transrecievers prototypes.Maintenance fees incurred
during the field testing will be borne by the partners.
Trial environment: Partners will prepare the staffing,
equipment, and venues needed to operate the field
trials.
Partner selection: Trial partners will be selected at
the sole discretion of NTT.
Further Information: Inquiries about RedTacton
or proposals to participate in joint field trials can be
submitted through the RedTacton
website (http://www.redtacton.com).

5. Future developments

RedTacton have a wide range of unique new functional features and enormous potential as a
Human Area Networking technology. NTT is committed to quickly identifying and opening up
those application areas with the the most commercial promise for RedTacton, a business
development process to be coordinated under NTT's Comprehensive Producer Function program.

Figure 1: RedTacton PC card prototype

 Figure 2: Principle of RedTacton Communication

The transmitter sends data based on fluctuations in the weak electric field induced in the body. The
electric field is received using super-sensitive electric field sensing technology
- The naturally occurring electric field induced on the surface of the human body dissipates into the earth.
Therefore, this electric field is exceptionally faint and unstable.
- The super-sensitive electric field sensing technology measures the weak electric fields induced by the
super-efficient alternating electric field induction technology developed by NTT

Human Area Network

In addition to the WANs (Internet) and LANs, there are
applications best served by Human Area Networks (HANs) that
connect the last meter.
Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous computing,
where everything is networked

Features:
Red Tacton has three main
functional features.
 BROADBAND &
INTERACTIVE

Communication speed can deteriorate in crowded Device drivers can be downloaded

spaces due to a lack of bandwidth instantly and executable programs
(wireless LAN) can be quickly sent.(RED
TACTON)

The chart below shows the positioning of RedTacton with respect to existing communication
technologies. The focus on ubiquitous service has brought about the shortening of distances in
communication. RedTacton is positioned as the last 1m solution to ultimate close-range
communication. Wireless communication creates connections when signals arrive, allowing for
easy connections because connectors are unnecessary. However, seen from another aspect, the
arriving signals can be intercepted, so security becomes an issue. Wired communication
transmits data between two connection points, so interception is difficult and security can be
considered to be high. However, connectors and cables are a nuisance. Taking the above points in
account, RedTacton is situated directly between wireless and wired communication. In other
words, RedTacton allows for easy connection without connectors, while at the same time
allowing transmission of data only between two contact points. It thus has the feature of being
difficult to intercept.

Glossary
1.RedTacton
RedTacton involves initiating communication with a touch that could result in a wide range of
actions in response. So, NTT combined touch and action to coin the term Acton, and then added
the word Red -- a warm color -- to emphasize warm and cordial communications, creating the
name RedTacton.

2) Electro-Optic sensor
A sensor that bounces a laser beam off of a crystal (electro-optic crystal) and measures the
reflected beam. Oscillations in the electric field surrounding the crystal affect the crystal, which
changes the reflected light's polarization.

3) Comprehensive Producer Function

The Comprehensive Producer Function initiative is an NTT internal program launched in July
2003 in which "Producers" within the NTT Holding Company are made responsible for
commercialization planning, business development and market research for new technology
invented by NTT Labs. The Producers work together with various parties both inside and outside
the NTT Group to get NTT's renowned R&D out of the lab and into the marketplace as quickly
as possible. NTT plans to apply this commercialization program to a broad range of products and
services in the years ahead.

4)Body surface electric fields

RedTacton transceiver electrodes are covered with an insulating film, so there is no way that
current from RedTacton can flow into the user's body. Note however that, just like the weak
electromagnetic waves produced by most common electrical appliances, a faint modulating
displacement current does pass through the body when using RedTacton. The level of
displacement current involved is considered harmless and is in full compliance with the
Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) radio frequency-exposure protection
standards (RCR STD-38).

CONCLUSION

• We conclude that, when we compare Red Tacton with other technology present today it
can give a better performance over others

• And we can say that to connect the network with in short distances Red Tacton is best.

• In this technology there is no problem of hackers as our body is itself a media.