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Python File Handling

This document discusses Python file handling and provides examples of opening, reading, writing, and closing files. It covers opening files with the open() function, reading files using methods like read(), readline(), and looping through lines. It also covers writing to files using modes like "a" to append and "w" to overwrite, as well as creating new files. The document concludes with examples of writing to CSV files using the csv.writer and csv.DictWriter classes.

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Nikita Chhillar
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180 views4 pages

Python File Handling

This document discusses Python file handling and provides examples of opening, reading, writing, and closing files. It covers opening files with the open() function, reading files using methods like read(), readline(), and looping through lines. It also covers writing to files using modes like "a" to append and "w" to overwrite, as well as creating new files. The document concludes with examples of writing to CSV files using the csv.writer and csv.DictWriter classes.

Uploaded by

Nikita Chhillar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PYTHON FILE HANDLING

 Open a file on the server

To open the file, use the built-in open() function.

The open() function returns a file object, which has a read() method for reading the
content of the file:

#’r’ here specifies the reading mode of the file.

f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
print(f.read())

If the file is located in a different location, you will have to


specify the file path, like this:

f = open("D:\\myfiles\welcome.txt", "r")
print(f.read())

To read only parts of the file-

By default the read() method returns the whole text, but you can also
specify how many characters you want to return:

f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
print(f.read(5))

-It will return 5 first characters of the file.

To read lines-

You can return one line by using the readline() method:

f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
print(f.readline())

To read n lines from the file, use readline(), n times:

Example- To read two lines of the file:

f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
print(f.readline())
print(f.readline())

Read complete file-


You can read the complete file by looping through the lines of the
file.

f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
for x in f:
  print(x)

Close Files-

You can close the files using close() method.

f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
print(f.readline())
f.close()

 PYTHON FILE WRITE


To write to an existing file, you must add a parameter to the open() function:

"a" - Append - will append to the end of the file

"w" - Write - will overwrite any existing content

f = open("demofile2.txt", "a")
f.write("Now the file has more content!")
f.close()

#’w’ will overwrite the existing content.

f = open("demofile3.txt", "w")
f.write("Woops! I have deleted the content!")
f.close()

Create a New File-


"x" - Create - will create a file, returns an error if the file exist

"a" - Append - will create a file if the specified file does not exist

"w" - Write - will create a file if the specified file does not exist

Writing into a .csv file


Using csv.Writer class
import csv 
    
# field names 
fields = ['Name', 'Branch', 'Year', 'CGPA'] 
    
# data rows of csv file 
rows = [ ['Nikhil', 'COE', '2', '9.0'], 
         ['Sanchit', 'COE', '2', '9.1'], 
         ['Aditya', 'IT', '2', '9.3'], 
         ['Sagar', 'SE', '1', '9.5'], 
         ['Prateek', 'MCE', '3', '7.8'], 
         ['Sahil', 'EP', '2', '9.1']] 
    
# name of csv file 
filename = "university_records.csv"
    
# writing to csv file 
with open(filename, 'w') as csvfile: 
    # creating a csv writer object 
    csvwriter = csv.writer(csvfile) 
        
    # writing the fields 
    csvwriter.writerow(fields) 
        
    # writing the data rows 
    csvwriter.writerows(rows)

Using csv.Dictwriter class


# importing the csv module 
import csv 
    
# my data rows as dictionary objects 
mydict =[{'branch': 'COE', 'cgpa': '9.0', 'name': 'Nikhil', 'year':
'2'}, 
         {'branch': 'COE', 'cgpa': '9.1', 'name': 'Sanchit',
'year': '2'}, 
         {'branch': 'IT', 'cgpa': '9.3', 'name': 'Aditya',
'year': '2'}, 
         {'branch': 'SE', 'cgpa': '9.5', 'name': 'Sagar',
'year': '1'}, 
         {'branch': 'MCE', 'cgpa': '7.8', 'name': 'Prateek',
'year': '3'}, 
         {'branch': 'EP', 'cgpa': '9.1', 'name': 'Sahil',
'year': '2'}] 
    
# field names 
fields = ['name', 'branch', 'year', 'cgpa'] 
    
# name of csv file 
filename = "university_records.csv"
    
# writing to csv file 
with open(filename, 'w') as csvfile: 
    # creating a csv dict writer object 
    writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames = fields) 
        
    # writing headers (field names) 
    writer.writeheader() 
        
    # writing data rows 
    writer.writerows(mydict) 

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