Vehicle Standards Information 26

June 2020

Roadworthiness requirements

This document constitutes the Part 1: Introduction

New vehicles are manufactured to comply with a number
written directions to Licensed of standards, notably the Australian Design Rules (ADRs)
Vehicle Testers given by VicRoads and various industry and consumer requirements, which
under Regulation 220 of the Road ensure that the vehicles achieve a certain level of safety,
environmental harmony and serviceability. During their
Safety (Vehicles) Regulations 2009. use, vehicles can deteriorate or be altered from their
Licensed Vehicle Testers must original form and in some cases this can become a
hazard to road users and others. Although the owner of a
ensure that a vehicle meets these vehicle is responsible for keeping the vehicle in a safe and
standards before a Certificate of roadworthy condition at all times, roadworthiness testing
is undertaken to help minimise the possible hazard to road
Roadworthiness is issued. users including buyers of used vehicles where the vehicle
may be in a potentially harmful condition, often without
the owner being aware of it.
The roadworthiness standards set out in this document
are aimed at detecting any wear, deterioration or alterations
that could adversely affect the safety of the vehicle, its
compliance with the standards for registration, and the
ADRs where the items can be assessed by inspection.
It is not feasible to determine complete compliance with
many of the standards for registration, including ADRs,
in a roadworthiness test as they generally require highly
specialised knowledge and equipment and in some cases
even destructive testing.
It is also important to note that the roadworthiness
requirements cannot be used to impose more stringent
requirements on a vehicle than it would be required to
comply with in a new and unaltered condition as per
the standards for registration applicable at the date of
manufacture of the vehicle. The requirements have been
limited to items which relate to safety and compliance
and which lend themselves to detection by inspection.
A certificate of roadworthiness issued by a licensed tester
is certification that a vehicle meets the requirements in
this document and is fit for use on the roads.
A Licensed Vehicle Tester must ensure that vehicles are The ADRs are a set of minimum standards for the
examined in respect of the appropriate standards in this construction of motor vehicles and trailers. In most cases
document applying normal industry standards and test compliance with these standards cannot be assessed by
procedures. The tester must also take into consideration inspection alone.
any relevant information including manufacturer’s
The cost of obtaining a Certificate of Roadworthiness will
specifications, approval certificate issued by a member
depend on a variety of items such as the age, type and
of the Vehicle Assessment Signatory Scheme (VASS)
condition of the vehicle being examined. Accordingly the
or testing authorities, and various guidelines, such as
fee can vary significantly and it is wise to seek a quote
VicRoads’ VSI sheets, and other information provided by
for the cost of the inspection before you authorise the
VicRoads in assessing whether or not the vehicle meets the
inspection to take place.
criteria provided. The standards in this document may be
overridden by this information in some circumstances. A certificate of roadworthiness is current, for the purposes
of a transaction, for 30 days from the date of issue.
Part 3 of this document contains sections dealing with
various aspects of vehicle safety and environmental
requirements. Some of these will only apply to certain
Part 3: General Inspection Standards
vehicles and should be disregarded where they do not apply. for Roadworthiness Test
There will also be a number of vehicles that are exempt from Section A
some requirements under conditional registration or permit
procedures. In these examples these standards need not Wheels and Tyres
be checked. Wheels

This document supersedes all previous versions of VicRoads’ There is no requirement for a spare wheel to be carried on
Vehicle Standards Information sheet (VSI) 26. The information a vehicle and the standards for registration exclude wheels
provided in other Vehicle Standards Information sheets (VSIs) not normally used in service from any requirements. However,
prepared by VicRoads may be of assistance when interpreting where a spare wheel is carried it must be securely retained in
the requirements in this document. or on the vehicle.

The requirements outlined in this document are applicable All road wheels and rims must be free of cracks or any other
to light vehicles under 4.5 tonne GVM. Roadworthiness type of damage likely to cause failure of the wheel, rim or tyre.
requirements for heavy vehicles can be found in the National The wheel/rim must not be bent or buckled or excessively out
Heavy Vehicle Inspection Manual available from the National of balance. In the case of a passenger car, any replacement
Heavy Vehicle Regulator website – www.nhvr.gov.au wheel/rim must comply with the applicable requirements in
VSI 8 unless a VASS approval certificate is supplied for that
Part 2: Certificate of Roadworthiness modification.
In Victoria a certificate of roadworthiness is generally A Certificate of Roadworthiness must not be issued for a
required when a vehicle is sold or reregistered or as part of vehicle which has a temporary use spare tyre fitted to one
a mandatory periodic inspection requirement for a bus or taxi. or more road wheels.
In some cases a certificate of roadworthiness is also required Alloy wheels must bear the appropriate standards mark as
to clear a Vehicle Defect Notice. specified in VSI 8.
A certificate of roadworthiness can only be issued by a On wire-spoked wheels, all spokes must be intact, straight,
Licensed Vehicle Tester operating from a nominated facility fitted and laced correctly and properly tensioned.
such as a garage or service station.
Welds on steel wheels must be of good quality and free
Before a certificate of roadworthiness can be issued for a of defects. Widened wheels must have no more than
vehicle, the vehicle must be inspected and found to be free one peripheral weld. Welds or any other type of repair
of wear or deterioration or alterations that would make it on wholly cast wheels or cast structural components of
unsafe for normal use on the road. wheels are unacceptable. Chromed wheels other than
those chromed during the manufacturing process are not
A roadworthiness inspection is not a check of the
acceptable.
mechanical reliability or general condition of the vehicle.
If a comprehensive check of the overall condition of the When in the straight ahead position, the wheels and
vehicle is required, you should arrange for a separate tyres must not project beyond the extreme width of the
independent report. mudguards and must not contact any part of the vehicle
under any combination of steering and/or suspension
A roadworthiness inspection is also not a complete
movement.
assessment of a vehicle’s compliance with the standards
for registration which, in most cases, are the Australian
Design Rules (ADRs).
Wheel Studs and Nuts The original speed rating of the fitted tyre casing must be,
The wheels must be securely attached with the correct at a minimum, the lesser of:
number and type of nuts or bolts. Stud or bolt holes, and ∞ 140km/h for a passenger car with special features for
any locating washers, must not be expanded or elongated off‑road use such as 4WD
and all wheel and retainer tapers must match. All studs must
be securely fitted and engage for at least the same thread ∞ 180km/h for any other passenger car
length as provided originally by the vehicle manufacturer. ∞ 120km/h for any other motor vehicle not described above
Track Width ∞ the vehicle’s top speed.
The track measured to the centre of the tyre treads must All pneumatic tyres not marked “Tubeless” must be fitted
not exceed the original specification by more than that with a tube and all retreaded tyres must be marked with
specified for that type of suspension in VSI 8. However, for the identification of the retreader and the word “Retreaded”
vehicles fitted with diagonally split braking systems, there and any other markings required by the relevant Australian
must be no change in front or rear track from the original Standard.
specification.
See VSI 8 and 16 for more information on wheels and tyres.
Hub/rim spacers are unacceptable unless specified by the
vehicle manufacturer. Section B
Tyres Steering and Suspension
All tyres fitted to the road wheels of a vehicle, must be of General
a type constructed for normal road use. Except at the tread The vehicle steering and suspension system must be free
wear indicators, tyres must have a minimum tread depth of from wear or play exceeding the manufacturer’s limits and
1.5mm in all principal grooves. the vehicle must track satisfactorily without undue wander.
The principal grooves are the wide grooves that are usually All steering components, including dust and grease seals,
positioned in the central zone of the tyre but may run across must be in good condition, securely and correctly mounted
the tread. See VSI 16 for more detail on tyre tread. and free from damage and excessive wear.
Tread wear indicators are usually located in the principal All nuts, bolts and other fasteners used on steering
grooves of the tyre and indicate the degree of tyre tread wear. components must be secure and fitted with appropriate
Where tread wear indicators are provided, the tread must not retaining or locking devices where necessary. There must
be worn to the extent that any tread wear indicator contacts be no binding in the steering system from lock to lock.
the road surface.
Power Steering
A tyre is not unroadworthy if there is less than 1.5mm of tread
Any power steering pump or associated components must
in the secondary grooves, which are typically shallower than
work and be securely mounted. Hoses, pipes and drive belts,
the principal grooves.
etc. must not foul any other components in a manner likely
A tyre must not have excessive uneven wear across its width. to cause failure.
The tyres must not be regrooved unless they are of a type All fittings must be free of oil leaks, however, dampness or
marked by the manufacturer as being suitable for regrooving. staining around seals is acceptable. The reservoir must be
correctly filled.
Tyre sizes must be compatible with rim sizes as set out by
the Tyre and Rim Association. Suspension
All tyres must be free of deep cuts, cracks, bulges, exposed All suspension components must be properly mounted and
cords, evidence of carcass failure or separated or perished aligned with no distortion, cracks, fractures or other damage
rubber. likely to cause failure or instability. There must be adequate
clearance between components and the vehicle body,
For vehicles fitted with passenger car tyres and manufactured
and all joints, bushes, pivots, dust and grease seals, wheel
after 1 January 1973, all tyres fitted to the road wheels must
bearings and mountings must be in good condition.
be of the same carcass construction (i.e. radial ply, cross ply,
bias belted, etc) but may have a different tread pattern. Shock absorbers and struts must be securely mounted,
function effectively and be free of leaks. Dampness or staining
Repairs to the sidewall or shoulder areas on radial ply
around seals is acceptable.
passenger car tyres are not acceptable.
Modified suspensions must comply with the relevant sections
The load rating of tyres on vehicles subject to ADRs must
of VSI 8.
be at least equivalent to the minimum ratings shown on
the tyre placard.
Section C
Table 1 – Performance of Service Brakes
Brakes
General Vehicle type Maximum Minimum Minimum
All brake components must function correctly, be securely by GVM stopping average peak
distance deceleration deceleration
mounted, appropriately located and free from visible wear,
from 35km/h
distortion or damage likely to cause failure, malfunction or
uneven application.
Vehicles
Brake hoses and piping must be of an appropriate material, 2.5 tonnes GVM 11.0 metres 0.45 g 0.6 g
adequately supported and free from damage. or less

Hydraulic systems must be filled to the appropriate level Vehicles

and all pipes, hoses, cylinders and reservoirs must be free 2.5 tonnes GVM 16.5 metres 0.3 g 0.4 g
from leaks and apparent contamination. However, brake fluid or more
dampness behind cylinder boots is acceptable and alone
should not be a cause for rejection. The application of the brakes must not cause the vehicle,
Air systems, including trailer brake connections, where fitted, when travelling in the centre of a 3.7m wide lane, to project
must be free from leaks. Compressors must be properly outside that lane.
mounted and aligned with drive belts in good condition Vehicle parking and emergency brakes must function
and correctly tensioned. correctly. Parking brakes must be capable of holding
Air compressors must be capable of rapid build up, recovery the vehicle stationary on any up or down grade found
and working pressure maintenance. Air tanks and other valves on highways.
and components must be free of contamination, including Emergency brakes, including parking brakes intended to
excessive oil build up, which may adversely affect their provide emergency braking such as those on vehicles, which
operation. do not have split system service brakes or are not subject to
ADR 31/.. or 35/.. must be capable of either:
Brake Linings
Lining material must not be worn down to the wear indicators ∞ stopping the vehicle on a dry smooth surface free from
where they are provided. Where no wear indicators are loose material, within the distances specified in Table 2, or
provided, the minimum remaining useable thickness of lining ∞ achieving the deceleration rate specified in Table 2.
material measured at any point on the lining must be no less
than the vehicle manufacturer’s minimum recommended
thickness and in any case must be no less than 1.0mm. Table 2 – Performance of Emergency Brakes
Brake lining materials must not be contaminated. Maximum stopping
Vehicle type Minimum average
distance from
Brake Discs and Drums by GVM deceleration
35km/h
The thickness of the friction section of a brake disc or Vehicles 2.5 tonnes
27.0 metres 0.18 g
the internal diameter of a brake drum must be within the GVM or less
manufacturer’s specifications. Light circumferential scoring Vehicles 2.5 tonnes
is acceptable on friction surfaces providing it does not affect 40.5 metres 0.11 g
GVM or more
the operation or durability of the brake system.
Warning Devices
Stopping Performance
Any audible or visible warning devices fitted must be properly
Vehicle service brakes must function correctly and be capable
mounted and function correctly.
of either:
∞ stopping the vehicle with one sustained application of Other Brakes and Equipment
the service brakes, under normal operation and application Where required, trailer breakaway brakes must be fitted and
conditions, on a dry smooth surface free from loose operational.
material, within the distances specified in Table 1, or
Where a motor vehicle is fitted with vacuum assisted or air
∞ achieving the deceleration rate specified in Table 1 operated brakes and that vehicle is equipped to tow a trailer
or a semi trailer, the motor vehicle must be equipped with
a means for providing that, if the trailer or semi trailer breaks
away, the brakes of the motor vehicle are capable of stopping
the motor vehicle within the appropriate distance specified
in Table 2.
Section D In addition to these lamps, a number of other lamps such as
work lamps, auxiliary driving lamps, front and rear fog lamps,
Seats and Seat Belts
reversing lamps, external cabin lamps, clearance lamps,
Seats marker lamps, daytime running lamps and front lamps on
All seats and backrests must be secure, structurally sound sidecars are either required or permitted. Hazard warning
and free of jagged edges or protrusions, which could be lamps are required on certain buses and late model vehicles.
hazardous. Any padding originally provided on bus seat backs
Vehicles must not be fitted with lights or reflectors not
must be present and in good condition. The driver’s seat and
required or permitted by the standards for registration or
backrest must also be free from any defects which might
the ADRs.
impair the driver’s ability to control the vehicle.
All lamps that are required under the standards applicable
Seat slides and other control mechanisms used for
at the time of manufacturer must be operational.
adjustment of the seat must be functional, have no abnormal
looseness and be effective in the release and locking actions. Lamps
Optional mechanisms such as lumbar adjustments need not
All mandatory internal warning lamps, including the airbag
function providing they do not interfere with seat security
check lamp where fitted, must function correctly. In buses,
or the driver’s control of a vehicle. Where provided, head
lamps used for stairwell lighting are mandatory lamps.
restraints must be secure and in a sound condition.
All lamps fitted to a vehicle, including any optional lamps but
Seat Belts excluding undipped headlamps, ancillary driving lamps and
Seat belts must be present as specified in VSI 21. work lamps, must be fitted with lenses or otherwise shielded
so that the light emitted does not cause glare. All lenses must
All seat belts must comply with the appropriate seat belt
be of the correct colour, not substantially faded and must
standard and where initially fitted by the manufacturer for
be clean on the inside and free of any damage, which would
ADR compliance, the seat belts must be original equipment
permit dust or water to enter the lamp. Headlamp reflectors
or appropriate replacement parts.
must be in good condition.
Seat belts must be appropriately and securely fitted, and
The presence of minor condensation on semi sealed lamps
be accessible, and all components, including retractors
is acceptable.
where fitted, must function correctly. Seat belt webbing
must be firmly secured to its end fittings and must not be All lamps must be securely mounted and correctly orientated.
damaged, cut, knotted or frayed. Repairs or modifications
to webbing, buckles, retractors or other seat belt components Reflectors
are not permitted. Reflectors must be functional, of the correct colour and
securely mounted.
See VSI 21 for more information on seat belts.
Rear marking plates must not be faded or deteriorated
Section E and must be of the correct type and correctly located.
Lamps, Signals, Reflectors etc.
Additional Lighting
General
Some vehicles, due to the nature of their use, require
Lighting requirements (lamps, reflectors and marking plates) additional or special lighting or lighting located in non
vary substantially with the type of vehicle and its date of complying positions. These vehicles will usually belong
manufacture. to Police, Emergency, Road Maintenance or other similar
For newer vehicles and optionally for older vehicles, details organisations.
of the requirements together with the type, number, location, Other vehicles owned by private organisations requiring
colour, operation and adjustment of lamps and reflectors are special lighting may be allowed to fit the lighting under
set out in the Third Edition Australian Design Rules (ADRs). conditional registration provisions.
Alternatively, for vehicles not required to meet the Third
Edition ADRs, the requirements specified in the standards
for registration for that particular type of vehicle should
be applied.
Generally, all motor vehicles must be fitted with headlamps,
stop lamps, front and rear position lamps, a number plate
lamp and turn signal lamps. All other vehicles (trailers etc.)
require rear position lamps, stop lamps, a number plate lamp
and turn signal lamps.
Section F Section G
Exhaust and Emission Control Windscreen and Windows
General General
The exhaust system of a vehicle must not pass through All glazing used in motor vehicles built after June 1953 is to
the cabin or any passenger area and must be free of leaks. be safety glass or other approved material. The glazing that
Condensation drain holes are not leaks. is necessary to allow the driver to see the road and other road
users is not to be damaged or altered to the extent that it
The exhaust system must be fitted with an effective silencing
prevents the vehicle being used safely.
device and all exhaust gases must pass through the device.
All mountings must be secure and the exhaust system must Wear or Damage
have adequate clearance between all other parts of the During the service life of a vehicle, the windscreen and
vehicle and the road. windows may incur various types of damage. Testers are
advised that deterioration from the ‘as new’ condition is
Unshielded parts of an exhaust system, other than the outlet,
allowable and a windscreen or window with minor damage
must not protrude beyond the profile of the vehicle other
should not be rejected.
than on the underside. The outlet must be located so as to
avoid direct entry of gases into the passenger compartment A windscreen should only be rejected if:
and must not extend beyond the plan of the vehicle. See VSI 8
for more information on exhausts.
∞ it is discoloured, badly scratched, fractured or chipped
within the area wiped by the windscreen wiper(s) to the
Vehicles manufactured to comply with emission control extent that the driver’s vision is so impaired that the vehicle
ADRs must have all pipes, hoses, valves, sensors, fuel and air cannot be driven safely
control devices and any other emission control equipment
∞ in the case of a laminated windscreen, it has any crack
originally fitted by the vehicle manufacturer properly located
that penetrates more than one layer of glass
and connected and not apparently damaged, deteriorated or
altered in any way so as to appear ineffective. ∞ in the case of a laminated windscreen, it has one or more
bulls eyes or star fractures over 16mm in diameter or one
Dual fuelled vehicles must retain any emission control or more cracks over 150mm in length in a single layer of
equipment fitted to enable them to meet emission glass within the area wiped by the windscreen wiper(s).
requirements while operating on petrol. One or more bulls eyes or star fractures up to 16mm in
However, allowances are made for minor air cleaner and diameter and cracks up to 150mm in length in a single
carburettor modifications required to fit the conversion. The layer of glass within the area wiped by the windscreen
heated air intake system can be removed and the air cleaner wiper(s), are allowable provided that they do not impair
replaced with one to suit the LPG conversion. the driver’s vision to the extent that the vehicle cannot be
driven safely.
For vehicles fitted with a four-stroke engine, exhaust
emissions (except for water vapour) must not be visible to the Side windows that are scratched or otherwise damaged
naked eye for more than 10 seconds under normal operating to the extent that the driver’s vision is so impaired that
conditions. When running, the engine must not discharge the vehicle cannot be driven safely should also be rejected.
excessive crankcase fumes and where crankcase ventilation Where signalling devices are not provided, the driver’s side
equipment is fitted it must be secure and leak free. window must be capable of being opened or some other
Crankcase ventilation recirculation equipment is required means provided to give hand signals.
on petrol engine vehicles (other than motor cycles) built
Repairs and Obstructions to View
after 1971.
In a repaired windscreen a faint outline of the repaired
Nitrous oxide systems are not acceptable on motor vehicles damage or in some cases a slightly dull spot may be visible
used on the public roads. where the repair has been performed. A repaired crack may
also be detectable by a fine hairline surface mark. These are
acceptable and should not be rejected during a roadworthy
test providing the rest of the windscreen complies with the
requirements as set out in this section.
Apart from any pillar or other part of the vehicle’s structure
or fittings, there must be no internal obstructions to a driver’s
view through the swept area of the windscreen, to the
right of the driver’s position or 60° to the left of the driver’s
position, except for the area outside the primary vision area.
Tinting Requirements Section I
The primary vision area of the windscreen of a vehicle may Body and Chassis
be lightly tinted to achieve a light transmittance of no less
General
than 75% if the vehicle was made after 1971, or 70% if made
earlier. Tinting in the primary vision area must have been The structural components of all vehicles must be sound and
incorporated during the manufacture of the windscreen and free from cracks, damage, faulty repairs or modifications, rust,
not by coating or tint films added afterwards. deterioration, distortion or any other condition which could
lead to structural failure of the vehicle or adversely affect the
Any tinting applied to the windows of a vehicle after it has performance of safety related features.
been manufactured must comply with the requirements
specified in VSI 2 (Window Tinting). In some buses, extensive corrosion may be hidden by inner
and outer body panels necessitating panel removal or other
Primary Vision Area means to determine the extent of structural deterioration.
For cars and other light vehicles, the primary vision area can The body and fittings of all vehicles must be free from any
be approximated by excluding the area above the wiper arc damage, which might increase the risk or severity of injury to
or the top 10% of the windscreen, whichever is the greater. any occupant, pedestrian or other road user. The body must
also be free of any damage likely to allow the entry of exhaust
Section H gases into the passenger area. All seals at body openings
Windscreen Wipers, Washers etc. necessary to prevent the entry of exhaust gases into any
General passenger area must seal effectively.
All motor vehicles (except motorcycles) fitted with a Floors including floors in load areas must be in a sound
windscreen must be fitted with an effective windscreen condition. Floors in passenger areas must be free of loose
wiper system. If manufactured before 1960 then the wiper material or objects or tears, or incorrectly fitted matting, or
need only be fitted to the driver’s side. On vehicles where covering likely to interfere with the driver’s ability to safely
the windscreen is such that a driver, in the normal driving operate the vehicle. In buses, floors and steps must have
position, can obtain adequate vision of the roadway ahead a suitable non-slip surface.
by looking over the top, below or to a side of the windscreen,
a windscreen wiper system is not required. Body Structure
Where a bus is more than 25 years old, proof of a current
If the vehicle is one required by the standards or the ADRs
acceptable structural assessment must be provided and
to have a windscreen washer system then the system must
sighted by the tester.
be fitted and work effectively.
All motor vehicles manufactured on or after 1 September Luggage Racks
1966 and required to be fitted with a windscreen wiper system Where a bus is fitted with a luggage rack or racks, there must
must be fitted with an effective windscreen washer system. be no projections that could cause injury to passengers and
the rack or racks are to be adequately secured and prevent
Both the windscreen wiper system and the windscreen
movement of luggage during normal braking and cornering
washer system must be capable of being operated by the
manoeuvres.
driver from the normal driving position.
All components of both systems must be secure, functional Door Latches
and not excessively worn. Windscreen wiper blades must All doors, boot lid, bonnet, hatch, tailgates and any other
only sweep over the windscreen glass and not contact any hinged or removable covers, and all other attachments to the
other component to an extent which could affect their body both inside the passenger area and outside the vehicle
performance while in operation. must be securely mounted and located. All latches and latch
mechanisms, hinges and other securing devices including tilt
Windscreen washer jets must be correctly aimed.
cab latches must be in good condition and effective.
Rear windscreen wipers need not be operational.
Driver controlled doors on buses must open and shut
Windscreen Demisters correctly when operated from the driver’s position.
Vehicles required to comply with demisting provisions All latches and secondary latches on all doors giving access
(e.g. ADR 42 and certain buses) must have the necessary to the passenger areas must function correctly and secure the
equipment present and operational. doors and allow them to be readily opened in an emergency.

Emergency Exits
Emergency exits on buses must be clear of obstruction and
must be clearly identified, with the method of opening clearly
indicated unless obvious from the design. The exits must
appear capable of being readily operated.
Emergency Exit Warning Devices Bonnet Scoops
The warning devices provided on all emergency exits other Bonnet scoops of a type not provided by the original vehicle
than service doors and breakable glass emergency exits must manufacturer must not have any single openings larger
be present and serviceable. than 4000mm2 (equivalent to a 65mm circle) towards the
front of the vehicle and all edges and protrusions must be
The warning must be given when the engine is started and/or
suitably smoothed and rounded. The scoop must permit
vehicle is in motion, if:
the driver to have a clear uninterrupted view through the
∞ the primary opening or ejection device is moved full width of the windscreen of all parts of the road surface
11 metres forward of the steering wheel viewed from any
∞ an emergency exit is locked from the outside
driving position permitted by the range of adjustment of
∞ an emergency door or window is not securely closed. the driver’s seat. The shape of the scoop must comply
with the requirements of VSI 8.
The warning device must provide a visible and audible
warning to the driver and must activate with movement of Wheelchair Accommodation, Hoist and Ramps
the catch or other device securing the emergency exit, not
Every wheelchair position, hoist and ramp provided, must
only by movement of the emergency exit itself.
be securely mounted, in good condition and not present
Wheel guards (Mudguards) a danger to passengers and equipment operators. All roll
stops for hoists and edge barriers for hoists and ramps must
Effective wheel guards must be fitted for all wheels on all
be present and in a serviceable condition. In the fully raised
vehicles except front wheels on mopeds and motorcycles
position there must not be more than 12mm vertical distance
manufactured before 1 July 1988. Wheel guards may include
between the horizontal surface of the hoist platform and
parts of bodywork, etc.
the horizontal surface of the vehicle entrance (floor level).
Mudflaps are not normally required on passenger car type The surface of any hoist or ramp, and standing area for
vehicles. However, mudflaps must be in place on vehicles a wheelchair must be skid resistant and in sound condition
where they form part of the wheel guard system such as on and effective.
some motorbikes and vehicles with a tray type body.
Wheelchair hoists and ramps must be marked as compliant
Flexible wheel guards or mud flaps must retain their functional with AS/NZS 3856 – Hoists and ramps for people with
position when the vehicle is in motion. disabilities – vehicle mounted; Parts 1 and 2.
The tyre section width at the top of the tyre must be covered Section J
when the wheels are in the straight-ahead position. For
motorcycles, sidecars and trikes, guards must cover the tyre Engine and Driveline
section width. General
Relaxed wheel guard provisions may apply to some special All mountings, brackets and fastenings necessary for the
purpose vehicles. safe operation of the vehicle must be secure and free from
damage, deterioration or abnormal distortion. All shafts,
Bumper Bars/Bull Bars splines, universal joints, support bearings, tail shaft guards and
Bumper bars and bull bars, where fitted, must be secure and other drive line components must be in good condition and
designed to eliminate sharp corners or protrusions, which free of excessive wear and vibration.
might cause injury to other road users. They must not obscure The power unit, clutch system, transmission system,
any lamps, unless additional lamps are fitted, and must not differentials, axle housings and all associated pipelines must
substantially exceed the normal width of the vehicle body. be properly sealed and free of dripping or flowing oil leaks
ADRs and VicRoads information sheets cover visibility angles onto the roadway, exhaust system or brake friction surfaces.
of lamps. Ends of bumper bars must turn towards the body Dampness, weeping or staining are acceptable but oil leaking
to a sufficient extent to avoid any risk of hooking or grazing. from the underside of the vehicle to such an extent that it is
See VSI 1 for more information on Bull Bars. likely to drop oil on the road surface (if the vehicle is parked
or idling stationary for any length of time) is unacceptable.
Towing Couplings
Any insulating material in an engine enclosure must be in
Any towbars, eyes, hooks, turntables or automatic couplings good condition and free from contamination by fuels or
fitted to a vehicle must be in good condition, secure and not lubricants and there must not be any accumulation of fuel
cracked, excessively deformed or damaged in a way likely or lubricant in engine compartments.
to cause failure. All electrical wiring, connectors, couplings,
flexible pipes, etc associated with a device for coupling a
trailer to a motor vehicle must be in good condition.
LPG Equipment Horn
The standards for registration detail requirements for All motor vehicles must be fitted with one or more effective
LPG vehicles. horns or other audible warning device, which produces a
steady sound of constant pitch.
A LPG system fitted to a vehicle must comply with the
requirements of the Australian Standard AS 1425 applicable Fuel System
at the date of the installation. If the date of installation is not
Fuel tanks must be securely mounted and the fuel system
known, the age of the vehicle and LPG tank date stamp may
including fuel lines and filler pipes must not project beyond
be used in determining the date of installation.
the widest part of the vehicle.
The LPG system must be free of leaks and all components
Additional or replacement fuel tanks must be at least of an
secure and free from damage and deterioration.
equivalent standard to the original tanks and not affect the
The periodic inspection requirements of Australian Standard vehicle’s compliance with evaporative emission or other
1425 should be used when carrying out a roadworthy provisions.
inspection on a vehicle fitted with LPG.
All fuel lines, vent lines, pumps, valves and fittings must be
secure, free of leaks, adequately protected from damage and
Section K
must not chafe or rub against each other or other parts of the
Other Items vehicle.
Drivers Guard Rail
Fuel filler caps must be secure and seal properly. Plastic
In buses, any guard rail provided for the driver must be secure emergency fuel filler caps are not acceptable.
and in a sound condition.
Hand Grips
Driving Controls
Handgrips, rails, straps or stanchions on buses must be in
All driving control pedal faces must have an effective non slip a serviceable condition and effective.
surface or be covered with a non slip material. All essential
driving controls must function properly. Steering wheel rims, Electrical Wiring
knobs and other devices, which have deteriorated to an Electrical wiring must be properly supported at least every
extent that they are hazardous, are unacceptable. Steering 600mm, insulated, protected from chafing and located to
wheel covers, if fitted, must be secure. minimise hazards to vehicle occupants or others.
Padding Battery
Padding on dashboards, sun visors, seatbacks and bars in The battery must be adequately supported and secure. In
buses, where originally provided must be secure and must addition, if fitted in a luggage or occupant compartment,
not have deteriorated to the extent that its effectiveness is the battery must either be of a type that is fully sealed or
substantially reduced. be located within a sub-compartment which is vented to
atmosphere outside the vehicle.
Speedometer
Vehicles manufactured from 1 July 1988 must be fitted with Vehicles with batteries located in the same way that the
a functioning speedometer calibrated in km/h. vehicle manufacturer installed the original battery are
deemed to comply with this requirement provided the battery
Rear Vision Mirror is of the same type as the original and its installation and
All motor vehicles must be fitted with a rear vision mirror related components are as per the vehicle manufacturer’s
capable of providing a clear view to the rear of the vehicle specification.
from the normal driving position. Any vehicle designed
Fire Extinguishers
primarily for the carriage of goods or any vehicle subject
to internal rear vision obstruction must be fitted with external Buses, motor homes and caravans subject to ADR 44 or ADR
rear vision mirrors on both sides of the vehicle. 58 must have the correct number and type of extinguishers
fitted in an accessible location. Fire extinguishers should be
All rear vision mirrors, whether internal or external, must fully maintained and marked as complying with the relevant
be securely and firmly mounted and capable of appropriate Australian Standard.
adjustment. The reflective surface must not be cracked or
broken nor peeled, tarnished, discoloured or deteriorated Visual Display Units (VDU)
to such an extent that its effectiveness is reduced. Any Visual Display Unit that is visible to the driver from the
On all vehicles subject to ADR 14, except motorcycles, normal driving position should be rejected if it does not:
any internal vision mirror must be flat. However, additional ∞ Switch off the visual display while the vehicle is in motion;
curved mirrors may also be fitted, either independently or or
on standard mirrors. If fitted on a standard mirror they must
not occupy a substantial part of the reflective surface of ∞ Function as a driver’s aid while the vehicle is in motion; and
the standard mirror. ∞ Meet the field of view requirements as specified in VSI 29.
Examples of driver’s aids: A VASS approval certificate should only be requested by a
Licensed Vehicle Tester, when a vehicle modification, which
∞ Closed-circuit television security cameras.
affects handling, structural integrity or compliance with the
∞ Dispatch systems. standards for registration, does not appear to comply with
good industry practices.
∞ Navigational or intelligent highway and vehicle system
equipment.
Part 4: Additional inspection standards
∞ Rear view screens. for Buses
∞ Ticket-issuing machines. The inspection standards in this section apply to Buses
subject to the Bus Safety Regulations 2010 as in force from
∞ Vehicle monitoring devices. time to time.
Accessories
Door Interlocks
Additional equipment fitted to the interior or exterior of Where a bus is fitted with door interlocks, the interlocks must
a vehicle must not present an undue risk to occupants or be serviceable.
others.

Optional and Non Essential Equipment

Internal Mirrors or CCTV
Internal mirrors or CCTV used to provide the driver with a
Where optional and non essential equipment is fitted such view of passengers in or on the bus must be serviceable and
as air conditioning, rear window demisters, etc, it is not functioning.
necessary for it to work providing it does not adversely affect
the safety of the vehicle or its compliance with mandatory Maximum Safe Carrying Capacity Signs/Notices
standards for registration.
Maximum Safe Carrying Capacity signs/notices on buses with
Motor Homes seating positions for 13 or more adults, including the driver,
which display the maximum number of passengers that may
All gas and electrical installations must be certified to the
be safely carried on that bus, must be in good condition and
relevant Australian Standards as specified in VicRoads’ VSI 5
legible.
Conversion of Vehicles to Motor Homes.

Modified Vehicles Part 5: Additional Inspection Standards

Modifications to vehicles fall into two broad categories:
for Wheelchair Accessible Commercial
Passenger Vehicles (WAVs) used to provide a
∞ Those covered by guidelines published in VicRoads Vehicle commercial passenger vehicle service
Standards Information sheets
The inspection standards in this section apply to Wheelchair
∞ Those which require individual approval and thus an Accessible Commercial Passenger Vehicles (WAVs) registered
approval certificate from a VASS. under the Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Act 2017.
These standards have been determined by Commercial
This makes it difficult to determine whether the modification
Passenger vehicles Victoria.
has been approved in the context of a roadworthiness
inspection.
Allocated Floor Space / Access for Wheelchair
In these circumstances an examination should be confined Positions
to checking that the modification appears to be properly A wheelchair accessible commercial passenger vehicle (WAV)
executed and not in a condition which presents a hazard. used to provide a commercial passenger vehicle service must: 
See VSI 8 for more information on modified vehicles. ∞ contain a rectangular space for each wheelchair proposed
to be carried, that is not less than 1300mm (length) x
Identification (Compliance) Plates/ VASS Approval
800mm (width) x 1500mm (high) as required by the
Certificates
Commonwealth Government’s Disability Standards for
Identification plates were required on vehicles manufactured Accessible Public Transport (DSAPT)
after June 1988 as evidence that, at the time of first
registration, the vehicle complied with the applicable ADRs. ∞ have no intrusions into that space, except for adjustable
However, identification plates are often damaged, lost or restraint devices
stolen during the life of the vehicle. Therefore, the presence ∞ have an access doorway with an unobstructed vertical
of an identification (compliance) plate is not a mandatory height of at least 1500mm
requirement for the issue of a certificate of roadworthiness.
∞ have an access doorway with an unobstructed width of at
Similarly VASS approval certificates are generally supplied as least 800mm
evidence at the time of registration or change of description
that the vehicle complies with the applicable standards for
registration.
Wheelchair/Occupant restraint systems
Each wheelchair position in a WAV must be fitted with an
occupant restraint system (seat belts) and a wheelchair
restraint system.
Seat belts must be a lap and sash emergency locking retractor
type or a lap and harness type assembly.
Note: A lap only seat belt is not a compliant restraint system
for people in wheelchairs.
Wheelchairs must be secured to the WAV using at least four
tie-down points with approved wheelchair restraints.
Wheelchair and occupant restraints must be free from fraying,
tears and knots.
All restraints fitted must comply with the applicable Australian/
New Zealand standards including AS/NZS 10542 Parts 1 and 2
Wheelchair tie down and occupant-restraint systems and any
requirements contained in AS2942-1994/Amendment 1-1998
Wheelchair Occupant Restraint Assemblies for Motor Vehicles,
which are not covered in AS/NZS 10542 Parts 1 and 2.

Wheelchair Accommodation, Hoists and Ramps

Refer to Section I of Part 3 of this document.

Child Restraint Anchorages

Child restraint anchorages must be provided for at least two
forward facing rear seating positions. Anchorages must be the
clip type and compliant with the applicable ADRs.

Fire Extinguisher
All WAVs must be equipped with a fully maintained fire
extinguisher of at least 20B rating. It must be securely
mounted in a position so as to be readily available for use and

PTVH5189 STU_02714  06.20   Authorised and published by VicRoads 60 Denmark Street Kew Victoria 3101.
not be a hazard or cause annoyance to the vehicle occupants.

Approval Certificates
All vehicles converted to be a WAV will require a VASS
approval certificate when first converted to show that the
vehicle meets the relevant standards for registration. The
certificate must contain a notation identifying that the vehicle
is suitable for use as a WAV. Approval may also be required if
the number or position of seats and seatbelts are changed.

Further Information
For further information please contact VicRoads.
call: 13 11 71 (TTY 13 36 77, speak and listen 1300 555 727)
web: vicroads.vic.gov.au
Facebook: facebook.com/VicRoads
Twitter: @VicRoads