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2.1 Data Analysis With Graphs PDF

The document discusses different types of graphs used to represent data: bar graphs for categorical/discrete data, histograms for continuous data, and frequency polygons that can illustrate the same information. It provides examples of constructing frequency tables and graphs like bar graphs, histograms, and frequency polygons from sets of raw data. Guidelines are given for grouping continuous data into intervals for histograms. Circle graphs are described as good for showing relative frequencies of categorical data.

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Attavia Rheine
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254 views5 pages

2.1 Data Analysis With Graphs PDF

The document discusses different types of graphs used to represent data: bar graphs for categorical/discrete data, histograms for continuous data, and frequency polygons that can illustrate the same information. It provides examples of constructing frequency tables and graphs like bar graphs, histograms, and frequency polygons from sets of raw data. Guidelines are given for grouping continuous data into intervals for histograms. Circle graphs are described as good for showing relative frequencies of categorical data.

Uploaded by

Attavia Rheine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MDM4U1 1-Var Stats

2.1 Data Analysis using Graphs


Discrete Variable – can have only whole number values, usually represented best using a bar graph.
Continuous Variable – can have any value within a given range, usually represented best using a histogram.
Frequency Tables & Frequency Diagrams – give a convenient overview of the distribution of values and reveal
trends.

A bar graph is best suited for categorical or discrete data.


The bars do not touch indicating that there is separation between
groups or categories.

A histogram is a type of bar graph in which areas of the bars


are proportional to the frequency of the values of the variables.
The bars of the histogram are connected and represent a
continuous range of values.

A frequency polygon can illustrate the same information as a


histogram or bar graph, but is simpler to look at.

FREQUENCY TABLES AND BAR GRAPHS

Example 1:
Forty students each took ten shots with a basketball from the free throw line. The random variable is the number of
successful shots made by each student, recorded below:

6 3 9 4 6 6 4 5 3 8
5 4 6 3 4 6 8 6 5 5
6 4 5 3 5 9 4 8 6 6
4 5 6 4 6 8 6 5 4 6

Arrange and organize the raw data in the frequency table below.
X Cumulative
Tally Frequency
# of baskets Frequency
0

10
MDM4U1 1-Var Stats
2.1 Data Analysis using Graphs
a) Illustrate the data using a bar graph:

b) Illustrate the data with a frequency polygon:

c) Create a cumulative frequency polygon:


MDM4U1 1-Var Stats
2.1 Data Analysis using Graphs
WORKING WITH GROUPED DATA

In order to group data, convenient intervals must be determined. General guidelines are:
1. Choose roughly 6 to 10 intervals, depending on what suits the data best.
2. Each interval must have equal widths.
3. There must be no gaps between the intervals.

Highest value = Lowest Value = Range of values =

Example 2:
On the weekend, the OPP recorded the following speeds during a speed trap on the 401:

102 130 124 120 110 112 110 98 100 101 109 105 145 130 120
120 131 130 121 120 115 157 95 100 120 105 114 118 130 135
109 118 134 120 125 115 106 102 181 140 174 102 123 125 115
116 132 105 114 117 128 139 140 125 112 110

a) Construct a frequency table.


Interval Midpoint Tally Frequency Relative Frequency

b) Construct a histogram and frequency polygon (use the same graph!)


MDM4U1 1-Var Stats
2.1 Data Analysis using Graphs
c) Construct a relative frequency polygon.

CATEGORICAL DATA

Categorical (qualitative data) can be put into distinct groups and summarized as totals or percents.

Binary data have only two possible


values, such as female or male.

Nominal data can be written in


any order. Non-binary data have more than two
possible values, such as blue, brown,
green, or other for eye colour,

Circle graphs are good for showing the size of categories relative to the total and to each other.

Pictographs can add visual interest to a graphical representation for frequencies of data.
(see text page 99 for an example.)
MDM4U1 1-Var Stats
2.1 Data Analysis using Graphs
Example 3: Students were surveyed as to their movie viewing preferences.
The table illustrates the data.

Type of Movie Students Prefer (%) Angle in the graph


Comedy 22%

Romance 15%

Fantasy 15%

Adventure 29%

Drama 12%

Other 7%

Illustrate the information in a circle graph.

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