Social Security

and
Social Security Schemes in India
Presenter
Dr. Mitasha Singh
Junior resident
Dptt of Community Medicicne
DRPGMC, Kangra at Tanda
Himachal Pradesh
 Social Security
• It represents basically a system of protection of individuals
who are in need of such protection by the State as an agent of
the society.

• Who provides protection- the society to its members

• How- through a series of public measures
• When- against the economic and social distress
• Situations- stoppage or substantial reduction of earnings resulting from
sickness, maternity, employment injury, occupational diseases,
unemployment, invalidity, old age and death.
 Background
• Traditionally responsibility of the family/community
in general.

• Gradual industrialization/urbanization, break up of

the joint family set up and weakening of family
bondage

• Need based formal security- social security

 Health insurance coverage
India

• Planning commission 2008: 11% of the country’s

populations
• DLHS-3: 5 % households
• Health insurance is the one of the measures of social
security by which members of the community are
assured benefits of both maintenance of health and
medical care when they fall sick.

Vishwanathan,1996
 Type of coverage of health scheme/health
insurance

120
Others
100 6.7
27.9 Private HI
80 Med reimbursement
Mediclaim
60
CBHI
40 20.5 39.2 CGHS
ESIS
20 26.5
17
0
NFHS-3 DLHS-3
 Health Insurance Policies and Claims-
trend
12000000

10000000

8000000

6000000 claims
policies
4000000

2000000

0
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Source: http://iib.gov.in/IRDA/healthpub/Health_0910.pdf
 Average premium and claim paid per
policy- trend
25000

20000

15000
claim paid per policy in
Rs.
10000
premium per policy in Rs.
5000

Source: Insurance Information Bureau, (http://iib.gov.in/IRDA/healthpub/Health_0910.pdf)

 Top 5 disease wise number of claims and
average amount of claim paid in 2009-10

1200000 200000
circulatory nervous
ds system ds
1000000 150000
eye ds injury
800000
100000
600000 urology ds neoplasm
400000 50000
digestive arthropat
200000 ds 0 hies
0 infectious average circulator
Number ds claims y ds
of claims paid in
Rs.

Source: Insurance Information Bureau, (http://iib.gov.in/IRDA/healthpub/Health_0910.pdf)

Health Insurance Coverage in top 5 states,
DLHS-3 (2007-08)
12.1% 12% 10.2% 6.3% 6.2%

100%
90%
80%
Others
70%
60% Private HI
50% Medical reimbursement
40% Mediclaim
30% CBHI
20%
CGHS
10%
0% ESIS
 Health Insurance Coverage in India across the
wealth quintile groups, NFHS-3 (2005-06)

poorest
second
percentage of HH covered by middle
health insurance scheme among
richer
wealth quintiles
richest

0 5 10 15 20 25
 Why Do We Need Social Security?

• Protects not just the subscriber but also his/her entire

family by giving benefit packages in financial
security and health care.
• acts as a facilitator - helps people to plan their own future
through insurance and assistance.
• a worker/employee- a source of Social Security protection
for himself and his family.
• an employer- responsible for providing adequate social
security coverage to all your workers.
 Elements of Social security
• two basic elements-

• provision of a ‘ minimum living to those who

are deprived of the same’ and
• ‘selective redistribution of income’ to a target
group to reduce inequalities
 Advantages and Disadvantages
• Negative effects- discourages people from working and saving
• reduce international competitiveness and employment creation, and
• encourages people to withdraw from the labour market prematurely.

• Positive Economic Effects- help to make people capable of earning

an income and to increase their productive potential;
• help to maintain effective demand at the national level; and
• help create conditions in which a market economy can flourish, by
encouraging workers to accept innovation and change.
 Existing Frame Work Of Social Security
Schemes- Organized sector
• defined as workers who are having a direct
regular employer-employee relationship within a
organization.

• Out of total workforce of 46.5 crore, 6% is in the organized

sector (NSSO 2009-10)
• Includes establishments which are covered by the
Factories Act, 1948,
• the Shops and Commercial Establishments Acts of
State Governments,
• the Industrial Employment Standing Orders Act,
1946.
• Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 –

• disablement due to employment injury and death due to

employment injury.

• Benefit- for disablement is Rs.5.48 lakhs and for death is Rs. 4.56
lakhs.

• In case of temporary disablement monthly payments are made @

50% of wages upto 5 years.

• Limitations- not provide real social security.

• In our social conditions there is a tendency to spend the
money immediately even on non-essential items.
• Central Government Health Scheme, 1954-

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

• Applicable to-all central government employees (both working and

retired), and their families, and other representatives associated with the
central government.

• Benefits- comprehensive health care

• Contribution- financed mainly with Central Government tax revenues

• Beneficiaries contribute a share of their wages- 5% of the total expenditure
• Maternity Benefit Act, 1961-
• Applicable to- every establishment being a factory, plantation
or mine and to every shop or establishment in which 10 or
more persons are employed.

• Benefit- female workers- paid holidays not exceeding 12

weeks in the case of maternity and
• during this period they are eligible to receive full wages.
• In the case of miscarriage, maternity leave is available for a
period not exceeding six weeks.
• provision for sick leave for a period not exceeding one month
in case of sickness arising out of maternity
• Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972
• Applicable to- factories, mines, oil fields, plantations, ports,
railway companies, and to shops and establishment employing ten or
more persons.
• Benefit- Gratuity is payable @ 15 day' wages for every completed
year of service subject to monetary ceiling of Rs.3.50 lakh.
• In case of seasonal establishments gratuity is payable @ 7 day’s
wages.
• Payable under situations- of superannuation, retirement,
resignation, death or disablement
• due to accident or disease subject to completion of 5 years continuous
service
• Employees’ State Insurance
Scheme, 1948

• Applies to non-seasonal power using factories

employing 10 or more persons and

• non-power using factories and certain other

specified establishments employing 20 or more
persons for wages.
• Beneficiaries- Employees drawing wages up to Rs. 15000/- a month
• for permanently disabled employees wage ceiling is Rs. 25000/- per
month.

• Contribution- employees @ 1.75% of their wages, while the employers

contribute @ 4.75% of the wages of insurable workers.
• State governments contribute a minimum of 1/8th share of the expenditure
on medical care in their respective States.
• The ESI Scheme provides following benefits to the Insured
Persons:-
• Sickness benefit
• Medical benefit
• Maternity benefit
• Disablement benefit
• Dependent benefit
• Other Benefits-
(a) Confinement Expenses
(b) Funeral Expenses
(c) Vocational Rehabilitation
(d) Physical Rehabilitation
(e) Unemployment Allowances (Rajiv Gandhi Shramik Kalyan Yojana)
• The Employees’ Provident
Fund,1952-

• meant for security of workers after their retirement

• Applicable to- institution of provident fund for the

employees of factories and other establishments.

• Beneficiaries- restricted to employees drawing pay plus

dearness allowance not exceeding Rs.6, 500/- per month.

• Contribution- Employer:1.67-3.67% of wages and

Employee:10-12% of their wages
• The Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance
Scheme, 1976-

• Applicable to- the employees who have been enrolled to the

membership of Employees Provident Fund Scheme, 1952

• Benefit- The Scheme provides for payment of assurance benefit,

upon death of the member while in service.

• Contribution- from the employer of the establishment @ 0.50% of

the wages of the employees
• The Employees’ Pension Scheme, 1995-

• Beneficiaries- Members on attaining the age of 58 years and having

rendered minimum ten years’ contributory service

• Benefits to the members and their families-

• Monthly member pension, Disablement pension, Widow / widower pension,
Children pension, Orphan pension, Disabled Children / Orphan Pension,
Nominee pension, Pension to dependent parents, Withdrawal benefit

• Contribution- The Scheme is financed by diverting employers share of PF

contribution @ 8.33% of wage to the pension fund.
• The Central govt. also contributes to the pension fund @ 1.16% of the wage.
 Unorganized sector
• consist of those working in the unorganised enterprises or
households, excluding regular workers with social security
benefits, and the workers in the formal sector without any
employment/ social security benefits provided by the
employers
• Four categories:
• Occupation
• Nature of employment
• Specially distressed categories
• Service categories
• The existing social security arrangements in the unorganised
sector can be broadly classified into four groups as follows:

• Centrally funded social assistance programmes;

• Social insurance schemes;
• Social assistance through welfare funds of Central and State Governments;
and
• Public initiatives.
 Centrally Funded Social Assistance
Programmes
• schemes for both rural and urban areas under the
• National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)

• which has three components viz., National Old Age

Pension Scheme (NOAPS),
• Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS),
• National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) &
• National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS).
• NOAPS-
• Beneficiaries- destitute old age persons having little or no
regular means of subsistence from his/her own source of
income or
• through financial support from the family members or other
sources

• Benefit- eligible to get old age pension @Rs.75 per month.

• NFBS-
• In case of natural or accidental death
• Beneficiaries- family members in case of death of a primary
bread winner member of the household (BPL), in age group of
18 to 65
• Benefit- a sum of Rs.10,000/- is paid to the family of the
deceased
• NMBS-
• Benefit- cash assistance of Rs.500

• Beneficiaries- provided to the women of household below

poverty line and 19 years of age and above, upto the first two
live births.
• Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS),
1993 –

• Benefit- creates additional wage employment opportunities

• at the time of acute shortage of wage employment through
manual work
• Funding- centrally sponsored scheme
• cost sharing basis between the centre and states in the ratio of
75:25.
 Social Insurance Schemes for
unorganized sector
• Operated through the LIC such as Social Security Group Insurance Scheme

• Beneficiaries- All persons in the age group of 18 to 60 years belonging

to the 24 approved occupation groups

• Contribution- The premium Rs.10 per thousand sum assured, of which

50% - Social Security Fund and rest 50%- beneficiaries or the nodal
agency.
• Benefit- payment of Rs.25,000 in case of death or permanent total
disability or loss of limbs and Rs.12,500 in case of loss of one eye or one
limb in an accident.
• Krishi Shramik Samajik Suraksha Yojana,
2001-

• Beneficiaries- 20,000 agricultural labourers (18-50 years age)from

each of the selected 50 blocks/districts, taking at least one from each state
over a period of three years.

• Benefits- life-cum-accident insurance, money-back and the

superannuation benefits.
 National pension scheme, 2004
• Under Pension fund regulatory development authority

• for all citizens (18-60 years) of the country including the

unorganised sector workers on voluntary basis.

• the subscriber has to open an account with his/her nodal office

and get a Permanent Retirement Account Number (PRAN).

• Fund management fee are 0.0102% for Government

employees and 0.25% of the invested amount for private
sector.
 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment scheme(MGNREGA),2005
• Under labour law

• Guarantees right to work

• Benefit-

• livelihood security in rural areas

• by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to
every household
• whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

• Implemented by gram panchayats

• Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana, 2007 (Ministry of
Finance)-

• Beneficiaries- provides death and disability cover to rural landless

households between age 18-59 years
• head of the family or one earning member in the family will be
insured.

• Benefit- insurance cover of Rs.30,000 in case of natural death;

• Rs.75,000 in case of death due to accident or total permanent disability
• Rs 37,500 in case of partial permanent disability
• scholarship upto a maximum of two children of beneficiary studying in 9th
to 12th Standard at the rate of Rs.300/- per quarter per child.
 Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana, 2007
(Ministry of Labour & Employment )

• Beneficiaries- for BPL families ( a unit of five) in Unorganized Sector

• Benefits- smart card based cashless health insurance cover of Rs.30,000

per family per annum
• Coverage of all pre-existing diseases.
• Coverage of hospitalization expenses, including maternity benefit
• Payment of transportation cost of Rs.100/per visit

• Contribution- state government pays 25% of the pemium while the rest
75% is paid by the Central Government
• RSBY has been extended to

• building and other construction workers registered under the Building and
other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Condition of
Service) Act, 1996 and

• street vendors,

• beedi workers,
•
• domestic workers and

• MGNREGA beneficiaries who have worked for more than 15 days during
the preceding financial year and

• domestic workers
 Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension
Scheme(OGAOAPS), 2007
(Ministry of Rural Development for old age
protection )
• Beneficiaries- all citizens above the age of 60 years and living BPL.

• Benefit-
• Rs 550/- P.M. ( 60yrs to 79 yrs)
• (Central Share=200/- + State Share =350/-)
• Rs 1000/- P.M. ( 80 yrs and above)
• Central Share=500/- + State Share =500/-
 New Initiative
• Convergence of three major Social Security Schemes for
Unorganized Workers

• on a single smart card platform based on a single unified data

base.

• Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), Aam Aadmi Bima

Yojana (AABY) and Indira Gandhi Old Age Pension Scheme
(IGNOPAS)

• implemented on pilot basis in 20 districts across the country

 Swavalamban, 2010
• co-contributory pension scheme
• to lower the cost of operations of the New Pension Scheme by
central government
• Contribution- The Government of India contributes a sum of
Rs.1,000/- to each eligible NPS subscribers who contributes a
minimum of Rs.1,000/- and maximum of Rs.12,000/- per
annum
• Limitation- Coverage under Swavalamban Scheme is
inadequate mainly due to lack of guaranteed pension benefits
at the age of 60.
 Atal Pension Yojana (APY), 2015

• Unorganised sector- National Pension System (NPS).

• Beneficiaries- 18-40 years with bank account

• Benefit- Pension: Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000

• Contribution- Government co-contribute 50% of the total contribution

or Rs. 1000 per annum, whichever is lower, to eligible subscribers
 Welfare Funds
• through the Ministry of Labour

• Five Welfare Funds

• Beedi workers, Limestone & Dolomite Mine workers, Iron

ore, Chrome ore & Manganese ore Mine workers, Mica Mine
workers & Cine workers.

• welfare amenities to the workers- in the field of health care,

housing, educational assistance for children, drinking water
supply etc.
 New schemes
• Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
(PMSBY), 2015-
• Accident insurance scheme
• Benefit- Accidental death and disability cover on account of an accident
• One year cover, renewable from year to year
• Offered through- Public Sector General Insurance companies in tie up
with Banks
• Beneficiaries- 18-70 years age, savings account holder in
participating bank
 Table of benefits Sum insured
a. On death 2 lakhs
b. Total and irrecoverable loss 2 lakhs
of both eyes/ loss of use of
both hands /feet/ loss of
sight of one eye and loss of
use of hand/foot
c. Total and irrecoverable loss 1 lakh
of sight of one eye or loss
of use of one hand/ foot

• Premium payable is Rs 12/- per annum per member, deducted

from account holders’ savings bank account.
• Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana,
2015-
• life insurance cover for death due to any reason

• Offered through: LIC and other Life Insurance companies in tie ups
with Banks for this purpose

• Scope: All savings bank account holders in the age 18 to 50 years in

participating banks will be entitled to join.

• Benefits: Rs.2 lakhs is payable on member’s death due to any reason

• Premium: Rs.330/- per annum per member

• Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, 2014-

• National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial

services
• Ministry of Finance
• Account can be opened in any bank branch or Business Correspondent
(Bank Mitr) outlet.
• PMJDY accounts are being opened with Zero balance
• Benefits- Interest on deposit.
• Accidental insurance cover of Rs.1.00 lac
• Life insurance cover of Rs.30,000/-
• Easy Transfer of money across India
• Access to Pension, insurance products.
• Accidental Insurance Cover, Overdraft facility upto Rs.5000/- is available in only
one account per household, preferably lady of the household.
 Social Security for Persons with
Disabilities in India
• census 2011: population of disabled is 2.68 crore.
• For organized sector- disability pension under the
Employees’ provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions
Act 1952,
• medical and maternity benefits under Employees’ State
Insurance Act 1948,
• benefits under the Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923

• Limitation- They are operative only in the case of disability

during the course of employment.
• Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension
Scheme, 2009-

• Directorate of Social Security and Disability

• Beneficiary- The age must be between 18-79 years.

• Must belong to a household below the poverty line.
• Must be suffering from multiple or severe disabilities.
• Disability certificate mandatory

• Benefits- Rs.300 per month to the beneficiary

• The Gram Panchayats / Municipalities identify the beneficiaries under the
scheme.
• Contribution- central Share=300/- + State Share =450/-
 State Government schemes
• State Pension Schemes (100%)
• Old age pension scheme-

• Benefit- Rs 550/- pm (60-79 year) Rs 1000/- pm(>80 year)

• Beneficiary- Age>60 year
• Income not> 35000 per annum
• No income criteria for >80

• Disability Relief Allowance-

• Benefit- Rs 550/- P.M.(to 40%-69% disability) Rs 750/- P.M.(to 70%-& above )

• Beneficiary- Disability 40% to 69% , Family income should not exceed
35,000/- per annum, disability 70% or above there is no income criteria
• Widow Pension Scheme
• Benefit- Rs 550/- pm
• Beneficiary- Family income should not exceed 35,000/- per annum.

• Rehabilitation Allowance to lepers

• Benefit- Rs 550/- P.M.
• Beneficiary- Patients of Leprosy under treatment with Health & Family Welfare
Department , Should not be employees of Govt./Semi Govt./Boards/Corporations
etc.
• Central + State Pension Schemes
• Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme
(IGNOAPS)
• Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme
(IGNWPS)
• Benefit- Rs 550/- P.M.
• Contribution- Central Share=300/- + State Share =250/-
• Beneficiary- Age 40-79 years, Applicant should be a member of BPL
• Indira Gandhi National Disabled pension Scheme
(IGNDPS)
• Annapurna Scheme-

• Benefit- 10 kg food grains through F&S Department

• Beneficiary- Applicant should be a member of BPL family and should not getting
Old age Pension,
• Age 65 years and above

• Central assistance (100%)

• State Disability Pension

• Department of Social Justice and Empowerment of Himachal

Pradesh.

• Benefit- Himachal Pradesh Social Security Pension in the form of Rs 400/pm

• Beneficiary- Person with 40 % of disability and above

• Annual income of the adult with disability from all sources should not be
more than Rs 9000/- or family income including all sources shouldn’t be
more than Rs 15000/-
• Disability certificate
• Integrated Scheme for Persons with
Disabilities-
• Marriage grant for persons with disability

• Disability between 40% - 74% -- Rs. 8000 , Disability 75% & above --
Rs.15000

• Early detection of disabilities is provided through regular screening of

children.
Thank you