Electric circuits 1
Homework#3
Due date: Thursday, 26/11/2020, 4:00 PM
Submission method: uploading as a PDF file on E-learning platform.
Q1) For the circuit below, determine all four nodal voltages.
(2marks)
Q2) Determine the power supplied by the 1 V source as shown
in the circuit below. (2 marks)
Q3) Calculate the four mesh currents labeled in the circuit below.
(2 marks)
Q4) (4marks)
a) Make use of source transformations to first convert all current
sources in the circuit below to voltage sources, then simplify
the circuit as much as possible and calculate the voltage Vx, Be
sure to draw and label your simplified circuit.
b) Use a superposition theorem to find Vx
Best Wishes
Solution
Q1) 𝑣1 − 𝑣3 = 8 ⟶ 𝑣1 = 𝑣3 + 8 ⟶ ①
𝑣2 = 5 ⟶ ②
𝑣1 −𝑣2 𝑣3
−2 = + ⟶③
6 2
𝑣4 −𝑣2 𝑣4
2 = + ⟶④
3 4
𝑣1 −𝑣2 𝑣3 ( 𝑣3 +8 )− 5 𝑣3 15
−2 = + ⟶ −2 = + ⟶ 𝑣3 = − = −3.75 𝑉
6 2 6 2 4
𝑣1 = 𝑣3 + 8 = −3.75 + 8 = 4.25 𝑉
𝑣4 − 𝑣2 𝑣4 𝑣4 − (5) 𝑣4
2 = + ⟶2 = + ⟶ 𝑣4 = 6.286𝑉
3 4 3 4
𝑣1 = 4.25 𝑉
𝑣2 = 5 𝑉
𝑣3 = −3.75 𝑉
𝑣4 = 6.286 𝑉
Q2)
−1 + (4 + 3 + 1)𝑖1 − 3 𝑖2 − 1 𝑖3 = 0
8 𝑖1 − 3 𝑖2 − 𝑖3 = 1
𝑖2 − 𝑖3 = 5 𝑖1
𝑖3 − 𝑖1 + 3 𝑖2 − 3 𝑖1 − 8 + 2 𝑖3 = 0
−4𝑖1 + 3 𝑖2 + 3 𝑖3 = 8
𝑖1 = 19 𝐴
𝑖2 = 61.5 𝐴
𝑖3 = −33.5 𝐴
𝑃1𝑉 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 = 𝐼 ∗ 𝑉 = 𝑖1 ∗ (1) = 19 ∗ 1 = 19 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡
Q3)
𝑖1 = 3 ⟶ ①
𝑖2 − 𝑖4 = 1 ⟶ ②
𝑖4 − 𝑖3 = 3 ⟶ ③
7 + 𝑖3 (2200) + (3500)𝑖2 + (𝑖2 − 𝑖1 )(3100) + (𝑖4 − 𝑖1 )(8100) = 0 ⟶ ④
We have 4 eqns by 4 unknowns
After solving
𝑖1 = 3 𝐴
𝑖2 = 2.98 𝐴
𝑖3 = −1.012𝐴
𝑖4 = 1.988𝐴
Q4) a) Using source transformation
We can convert 3A current source with parallel 1 Ω resistor into
3V voltage source with series 1Ω resistor
We can find the sum of (3V) & (6V) voltage sources, Also find
the series equivalent of (1Ω)&(2Ω)
We can convert 9V voltage source with series 3Ω resistor into 3A
current source with parallel 3 Ω resistor
We can find the parallel equivalent of (3Ω)&(7Ω) , Also find the
parallel equivalent of (5Ω)&(5Ω) connected with current
dependent source
We can convert 3A current source with parallel 2.1 Ω resistor into
6.3V voltage source with series 2.1Ω resistor
As for the dependent source, We can convert (5Vx) dependent
current source with parallel 2.5 Ω resistor into (12.5Vx) dependent
voltage source with series 2.5Ω resistor
At the right of the circuit, We can convert 9A current source with
parallel 9 Ω resistor into 81V voltage source with series 9Ω
resistor
Simplifying the circuit
Now we can assume the current I flows in clockwise, so
KVL
−87.3 + (13.6) 𝐼 − 12.5 𝑉𝑥 + (4) 𝐼 = 0
−87.3 + (13.6) 𝐼 − 12.5 (4 𝐼) + (4) 𝐼 = 0
87.3
−32.4 𝐼 = 87.3 ⟶ = − 2.69 𝐴
−32.4
𝑉𝑥 = 4 ∗ 𝐼 = 4 ∗ −2.69 = − 10.76 𝑉
b) Using superposition principle
Making the 2 current sources open circuits
Using Mesh analysis
−6 + 𝑖1 ′ (3) + (𝑖1 ′ − 𝑖2 ′)(7) = 0 ⟶ ①
𝑖2 ′ (9 + 4) + ( 𝑖2 ′ − 𝑖1 ′ )(7) + 𝑖3 ′ (2.5) = 0 ⟶ ②
𝑖2 ′ − 𝑖3 ′ = 5 𝑉𝑥 ′ ⟶ 𝑖2 ′ − 𝑖3 ′ = 5 (4 ∗ 𝑖2 ′ ) ⟶ 𝑖2 ′ − 𝑖3 ′ = 20 𝑖2 ′
−19 𝑖2 ′ − 𝑖3 ′ = 0 ⟶ ③
3 eqns by 3 unknowns
After solving
𝑖1 ′ = 0.509 𝐴
𝑖2 ′ = −0.129 𝐴
𝑖3 ′ = 2.46 𝐴
I need only the current that flows through (4Ω) i2’
So 𝑉𝑥 ′ = 4 ∗ 𝑖2 ′ = 4 ∗ −0.129 = − 0.516 𝑉
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Making the (9A) current source open circuit
Making the (6V) voltage source short circuit
Using Mesh analysis
𝑖1 ′′ = 3 ⟶ ①
( 𝑖2 ′′ − 𝑖1 ′′ )(1) + 𝑖2 ′′ (2) + ( 𝑖2 ′′ − 𝑖3 ′′ )(7) = 0 ⟶ ②
( 𝑖3 ′′ − 𝑖2 ′′ )(7) + 𝑖3 ′′ (9 + 4) + 𝑖4 ′′ (2.5) = 0 ⟶ ③
𝑖3 ′′ − 𝑖4 ′′ = 5 𝑉𝑥 ′′ ⟶ 𝑖3 ′′ − 𝑖4 ′′ = 5 (4 ∗ 𝑖3 ′′ ) ⟶ 𝑖3 ′′ − 𝑖4 ′′ = 20 𝑖3 ′′
−19 𝑖3 ′′ − 𝑖4 ′′ = 0 ⟶ ④
4 eqns by 4 unknowns
After solving
𝑖1 ′′ = 3 𝐴
𝑖2 ′′ = 0.255 𝐴
𝑖3 ′′ = − 0.0648 𝐴
𝑖4 ′′ = 1.231 𝐴
I need only the current that flows through (4Ω) i3’’
So 𝑉𝑥 ′′ = 4 ∗ 𝑖3 ′′ = 4 ∗ − 0.0648 = −0.259𝑉
-----------------------------------------------
Making the (3A) current source open circuit
Making the (6V) voltage source short circuit
Using Mesh analysis
𝑖1 ′′′ = 9 ⟶ ①
( 𝑖2 ′′′ − 𝑖1 ′′′ )(9) + 𝑖2 ′′′ (4) + ( 𝑖2 ′′′ − 𝑖4 ′′′ )(7) + 𝑖3 ′′′(2.5) = 0 ⟶ ②
𝑖4 ′′′ (3) + ( 𝑖4 ′′′ − 𝑖2 ′′′ )(7) = 0 ⟶ ③
𝑖2 ′′′ − 𝑖3 ′′′ = 5 𝑉𝑥 ′′′ ⟶ 𝑖2 ′′′ − 𝑖3 ′′′ = 5 (4 ∗ 𝑖2 ′′′ ) ⟶ 𝑖2 ′′′ − 𝑖3 ′′′ = 20 𝑖2 ′
−19 𝑖2 ′′′ − 𝑖3 ′′′ = 0 ⟶ ④
4 eqns by 4 unknowns
After solving
𝑖1 ′′′ = 9 𝐴
𝑖2 ′′′ = − 2.5 𝐴
𝑖3 ′′′ = 47.5 𝐴
𝑖4 ′′′ = − 1.75 𝐴
I need only the current that flows through (4Ω) i2’’’
So 𝑉𝑥 ′′′ = 4 ∗ 𝑖2 ′′′ = 4 ∗ −2.5 = − 10 𝑉
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𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑥 ′ + 𝑉𝑥 ′′ + 𝑉𝑥 ′′′ = −0.516 − 0.259 − 10 = − 10.77 𝑉
We can see as shown below the value of Vx using 2 methods
Source Transformation Superposition
Value of Vx -10.76 V -10.77 V
