The document provides information on e-government initiatives and telecommunication infrastructure in Bahrain. It includes a review of methodology, surveys of telecommunication infrastructure, human capital, and web presence indices. The telecommunication infrastructure index shows Bahrain has high levels of internet, mobile, and telephone usage compared to other countries. The human capital index also rates Bahrain's adult literacy and education enrollment. Regarding web presence, the document establishes a 5-stage model from emerging to networked presence. It analyzes Bahrain's national and ministry websites and rates them at an interactive presence stage with some transactional capabilities.
The document provides information on e-government initiatives and telecommunication infrastructure in Bahrain. It includes a review of methodology, surveys of telecommunication infrastructure, human capital, and web presence indices. The telecommunication infrastructure index shows Bahrain has high levels of internet, mobile, and telephone usage compared to other countries. The human capital index also rates Bahrain's adult literacy and education enrollment. Regarding web presence, the document establishes a 5-stage model from emerging to networked presence. It analyzes Bahrain's national and ministry websites and rates them at an interactive presence stage with some transactional capabilities.
The document provides information on e-government initiatives and telecommunication infrastructure in Bahrain. It includes a review of methodology, surveys of telecommunication infrastructure, human capital, and web presence indices. The telecommunication infrastructure index shows Bahrain has high levels of internet, mobile, and telephone usage compared to other countries. The human capital index also rates Bahrain's adult literacy and education enrollment. Regarding web presence, the document establishes a 5-stage model from emerging to networked presence. It analyzes Bahrain's national and ministry websites and rates them at an interactive presence stage with some transactional capabilities.
The document provides information on e-government initiatives and telecommunication infrastructure in Bahrain. It includes a review of methodology, surveys of telecommunication infrastructure, human capital, and web presence indices. The telecommunication infrastructure index shows Bahrain has high levels of internet, mobile, and telephone usage compared to other countries. The human capital index also rates Bahrain's adult literacy and education enrollment. Regarding web presence, the document establishes a 5-stage model from emerging to networked presence. It analyzes Bahrain's national and ministry websites and rates them at an interactive presence stage with some transactional capabilities.
Among the objectives of e-government four are of paramount
importance and of relevance here:
• Efficient government management of information to the
citizen; • Better service delivery to citizens; • Improved access and outreach of information; and • Empowerment of the people through participatory decision making. E-Government Survey
Telecommunication Infrastructure Index
The telecommunication infrastructure index 2008 is a
composite weighted average index of five primary indices based on basic infrastructure indicators, which define a country’s ICT infrastructure capacity. These are: PC’s /100 persons; internet users/100 persons; telephone lines/100 persons; mobile phones/100 persons; and Broadband/100 persons.
Data for UN Member States was taken primarily from the UN International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Infrastructure Index
Data for UN Member States was taken primarily from the UN International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Infrastructure Index
Country Infrastructure Index
Bahrain .3346 Oman .1559 Kuwait .2777 U.A.E. .3813 Jordan .1693 Saudi Arabia .2110 Lebanon .1930 Syria .0923 Morocco .1349 Egypt .0886 Tunisia .1636
Data for UN Member States was taken primarily from the UN International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Human Capital Index
The data for the human capital index 2008 is a composite
of the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio with two third weight given to adult literacy and one third to gross enrolment ration.
Data for UN Member States was taken primarily from UNESCO
Telecommunication Infrastructure Index Gross Country Adult Literacy Enrollment Index Bahrain 86.5 86.09 0.86 Oman 81.4 67.05 0.76 Kuwait 93.3 74.87 0.87 U.A.E. 88.7 59.89 0.79 Jordan 91.1 78.05 0.86 Saudi Arabia 82.9 75.96 0.80 Lebanon 88.3 84.57 0.87 Syria 80.8 64.77 0.75 Morocco 52.3 58.49 0.54 Egypt 71.4 76.87 0.73 Tunisia 74.3 76.34 0.74
Data for UN Member States was taken primarily from the UN International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Web Presence
Web Measure Index
The Web Measure Index is base upon a five-stage model.
For countries that have established an online presence, the
model defines stages of e-readiness according to a scale of progressively sophisticated citizen services:
Emerging presence. Stage I - e-government presents information
which is limited and basic. The e-government online presence comprises a web page and/or an official website; links to ministries/departments of education, health, social welfare, labor and finance may/may not exist.
Enhanced presence. Stage II - the government provides greater
public policy and governance sources of current and archived information, such as policies, laws and regulation, reports, newsletters, and downloadable databases. The user can search for a document and there is a help feature and a site map provided. Emerging and Enhanced Presences
Information dissemination/outreach
Existence of a national website and ministerial websites including:
education, finance, health, labor and/or social services Existence of a one-stop-shop national portal Existence of a Head of State website Existence of an e-government section Sources of archived information (laws, policy documents, priorities, etc.) News and/or updates on government policies Access to back office applications Chief Information Officer (CIO), or similar officer with a leadership role, to manage national cross-agency e-government programs/projects Information concerning government officials responsible for the provision of specific online services/queries Personal account/profile of citizens, with the objective of enhancing dialogue between government and citizens Information for citizens on the usage of the website Web Presence
Interactive presence. Stage III - the online services of the
government enter the interactive mode with services to enhance convenience of the consumer such as downloadable forms for tax payment application for license renewal. Interactive Presence
Access/Usability
Search feature “Contact us” feature Audio and video features Multiple languages availability Use of wireless technology to send messages to mobile phones or devices Security (secure link) feature available/indicated Electronic signature feature Online payment by credit, debit, or other card methods E-mail sign-up option, either as a formal list-serv or simply for news items Existence of features to enable access for people with disabilities Web Presence
Transactional presence. Stage IV - allows two-way interactions
between the citizen and his/her government. It includes options for paying taxes; applying for ID cards, birth certificates/passports, license renewals and other similar C2G interactions by allowing him/her to submit these online 24/7. Transactional Presence
Service Delivery Capability
One-stop-shop for online services
Downloadable/printable forms Online forms Job opportunities Online transactions E-mail alerts for e-participation Really Simple Syndication (RSS) use for e-participation Set turnaround time for government to respond to submitted forms/e-mails Web Presence
Networked presence. Stage V - represents the most
sophisticated level in the online e-government initiatives. It can be characterized by an integration of G2G, G2C and C2G (and reverse) interactions. The government encourages participatory deliberative decision making and is willing and able to involve the society in a two-way open dialogue. Networked Presence
Citizen participation/interconnectedness
E-participation policy or mission statement
Calendar listings of upcoming e-participation activities Archived information about e-participation activities E-participation tools to obtain public opinion (polls, surveys, bulletin boards, chat room, blogs, web casting, and discussion forums, etc.) Citizen feedback on the national strategy, policies and e- services Provision for publishing the results of citizen feedback Archive on responses by government to citizen’s questions, queries and inputs Web Presence E-Participation Index
The E-Participation Index assesses the quality, usefulness and
relevancy of the information and services and the willingness of countries to engage citizens in public policy making through the use of the e-government programs.
The E-participation Index is segmented into three sectors: E-
information, E-consultation, and E-decision-making. Web Presence E-Participation Index
The goal of e-participation initiatives is to improve the citizen’s
access to information and public services; and participation in public decision-making.
• Increasing e-information to citizens for decision making;
• Enhancing e-consultation for deliberative and participatory processes; • Supporting e-decision making by increasing the input of citizens; Web Presence Sites Surveyed in Bahrain
National Site: https://www.e.gov.bh
Ministry Sites:
Education http://www.education.gov.bh/ Health http://www.moh.gov.bh/arabic/ Labor http://www.mol.gov.bh/mol/ar/default.aspx Finance http://www.mofne.gov.bh/arb/mofhome.asp Social Services http://www.mol.gov.bh/mol/ar/default.aspx Bahrain Web Measure Index
National Web Site
Total I II III IV V Pts. Max 8 22 44 34 12 120 Points
Bahrain 7 14 23 16.5 3 63.5
Bahrain Web Measure Index
Health Web Site
Total II III IV V Pts. Max 14 16 10 3 43 Points
Bahrain 10 8 0 1 19 Bahrain Web Measure Index
Education Web Site
Total II III IV V Pts. Max 14 16 10 3 43 Points
Bahrain 9 8 0 1 18 Bahrain Web Measure Index
Social Services Web Site
Total II III IV V Pts. Max 14 16 10 3 43 Points
Bahrain 12 4 1 1 18 Bahrain Web Measure Index
Manpower Web Site
Total II III IV V Pts. Max 14 16 10 3 43 Points
Bahrain 6 3 3 1 13 Bahrain Web Measure Index
Finance Web Site
Total II III IV V Pts. Max 14 16 10 3 43 Points
Bahrain 13 9 2 0 24 Bahrain Web Measure Index
Total Score for Web Sites
Total I II III IV V Pts. Max 8 92 124 84 27 335 Points
Bahrain 7 64 55 22.5 7 155.5
UNDESA Ranking Web Measuring Index Middle East Global Ranking Country I II III IV V Total 17 Israel 7 75 69 36 12 199 32 U.A.E. 7 63 84 50 10 214 42 Bahrain 7 64 55 22.5 7 155.5 50 Jordan 8 67 78 19 9 181 57 Kuwait 0 55 50 12 7 124 70 Saudi Arabia 8 53 66 7 5 139 74 Lebanon 8 44 54 7 4 117 84 Oman 7 49 68 16 5 145 108 Iran 6 50 20 0 1 77 119 Syria 0 28 34 7 3 72 151 Iraq 8 13 8 1 2 32 168 Yemen 7 10 5 0 0 22 UNDESA E-Readiness Ranking Web Measuring Index North Africa
Global Ranking Country I II III IV V Total 42 Bahrain 7 64 55 22.5 7 155.5 79 Egypt 8 65 78 24 6 181 121 Algeria 7 26 34 0 0 67 140 Morocco 0 30 29 1 2 62 124 Tunisia 7 6 26 0 0 39 120 Libya 3 8 9 3 1 24 161 Sudan 4 6 9 0 0 19 Way Forward THANK YOU
