Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Developing a research project

Introduction
The washing machine is the simple machine and it used without doing any physical work to
wash the different forms of cloth. In a washing machine, people don't really have to rub as well
as they don't need to squeeze the clothes by hand to clear the water from it. The laundry machine
is often referred to as a washer for cloth or basically a washer. The washing machine allows cloth
to be automatically cleaned without controlling its operation. All it has to do is place the clothes
in the machine then select the process of washing. It automatically gets in the level of water as
well as detergent needed and automatically set the timer according to the chosen mode and the
amount of clothes for laundry washing, drying and rinsing. In UK, 95% of houses have washing
machine that uses 15% of their domestic water. In South Africa, 40% of houses have washing
machine. In 2002, South Africa was used 36% of the overall energy usage in Africa. These
number has certainly increased because the demand for electric devices which are work savings
and it has improved with changing their lifestyle. Consumers need to know about saving energy
and water when making choices and it will benefit of the environment.
Literature Review
Washing laundry is a household activity in human culture and is a constant chore for most
people. The way people wash their clothes laundering by hand involves soaking, beating,
scrubbing, and rinsing dirty textiles remained unchanged until the emergence of washing
machine. Washer clothes are thought to be one of the greatest human inventions that saved
women from their daily duties. To wash clothing, the cloth must be rubbed and flexed to break
off the solids and absorb the detergent. At first clothes were pounded or rubbed in a river with
rock, and a corrugated wash board was later created. Moreover, all of this has changed because it
only takes one to push a button in a washing machine and the laundry will be finished in no time
without the use of manpower as it was in the past.
The first laundry machines were made with wood; hence water heating was difficult. They were
later made with metal to allow fire to be ignited under the washing tub to keep water warm while
washing. It was also stated that after washing, it was a different procedure to strip soap and water
from clothes, as the soaking wet clothes will be molded into a roll at the same time twisted by
hands to extract water. Although it was a washing machine, unlike the nowadays machinery and
it took further effort.
The scrub board, the first washing machine, was invented in 1797. The first laundry machine
with a drum was later patented by the American James King in 1851, and the manually operated
drum. The American James King utilized then same the present washing machine. Around 2000
patents were awarded in Britain and America around 1851 and 1871 for a variety of washing
machines and it have to be filled with hot water and utilized either revolving drums, dollies to be
agitated the clothes. The first rotary washing machine was invented by Hamilton Smith. This
machines had to be hand-cracked and the spinning dolly parts seemed to get wrapped around
clothing. Gas burners were used to heat water, leading Gas burners were used to heat water,
leading to difficulties when working the washing machine. At the same time, the first fabric

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

dryers that were hand-powered and it were utilized to dry clothing. William Blackstone invented
his first-hand wooden washing machine in 1874, and the industry continues to manufacture and
distribute washing machines from its New York headquarters to date. In the early 1900s, wooden
washing tubs were substituted with metal tubs. In 1907, Maytag Company invented a wooden
tubs washing machine with a flywheel and it still manual controlled with rotary handle. Electric
motors were introduced the design of washing machine in the first century of the 1900 but
manual systems are predominated until the 1920. In 1908, Alva J. Fisher invented the first
washing machine with electric powered. In 1908, the Thor was launched in Chicago by Hurley
Machine Company. The Whirlpool Company began manufacturing wringler washers for electric
motor drivers in 1911. They uploaded the first electric clothes dryers emerged in 1915. The
diagram of a washing machine utilized in 1920 is below.

Figure-1 Wooden domestic washing machine with dolly style in 1920 [ CITATION KBI \l 1033 ]
When the supply of electricity increased so they used domestic washing machines, but water
heating remained a concern but it was solved after end of World War II. Other companies
manufactured sleek the top loading machine after the post-war years that introduced wringers
and improved automatically controls that needed less monitoring. In 1930, John W. Chamberlain
of Bendix Aviation Company invented a system. It can wash, extract water, rinse from clothes in
a single process. The diagram of a washing machine that was utilized in 1932 is below.

Figure 2. Riby twin-tub washing machine in 1932 (SCINECE&SOCIETY , n.d.)

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Electric machines were equipped with an impeller by the end of the 1940s. A heating system and
fully automated spin cycle were included during the 1950s, along with the washing drum
therefore, other machines had separate like spinners. They also clarify that Whirlpool Campany
lauched the first top-loading automatic machines in 1947. When technology has improved, the
first automatic front and top loading washing mahcine were produced in Europe by the end of the
1950. They’re the first controlled with computer fully automatic washing mahcine. When they
tested of the hundreds, the agitator and tumbling systmes are the only two washing mahcines but
they are still in operation today. Washing cycles and sytem designed to accommodate modern
materials and washing conditions have been developed. In 1960s, electric laundry machines
became simpler to utilize than before as washing, rinising, spinning were performed in the same
drum at the touch of the swtich or button. The diagram of a washing machine that are utilized in
1961 is below.

Figure 3. Front loading washing machine in 1961 (automaticwasher, n.d.).

New technical advances have developed in the 20th century because electromechanical
controllers were replaced by electronic push buttons and new machines needed less water and
new laundry machine performed well at lower temperatures, making the laundry operation more
energy efficient. Therefore, in 21st century much attention is attracted to more environmentally
sutainable design. Some products appear to be fully recyclable and new washing cycles such as
silk, wool and fragile ones and short wash, they have been added. Despite both of these
innovations, there are still manual laundry methods, as power and running water aren’t installed
in all households for the washing mahcine to work smoothly.
The two popular washing machine that were invented are the top loading and front loading. In
1940, top loading were early developed and frond loading were developed in 1945. Nowadays
washing mahcine are made of different materials such as plastic and aluminum. Water removal
via spinning came to utilize when electric motors were developed. A high speed power source
was needed for spinning but it was usually achieved by the spearate system known as the
extractor that will transfer a load of washed clothes from the wash tub to the washing tub to the
extractor baskets and spin out the water. The twin tub doesn’t immediately obey the prcedure but
operates differently because spinning is performed on a separate tub, while rinsing and washing
is performed in another tub. Washing machines are related to as automated because unlike the

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

above. When they’re washing, rinsing and spinning of the clothes is acheved by pressing the
button without attention. The front loading washing mahcine has undergone signification
technical modifications. The different between the top loading and front loading is explained as
follows: the horizontal axis of the front loading uses tumble motion while the vertical axis of the
top loading uses an agitator that literally causes cloth to hit against one another and the front
loading raises and tumbles clothes without harsh agitation inside and outside of the water.
However, they used the tumble motion in front loading but the top loading have also been
improved. Automatic washing were available in compact and full sizes and it have only a regular
tub or big tub is available for the full sizes washer since the constrution differs according to
brand. Furthmore, all automatic washers had an inner tub containing the clothes being cleaned
and an outer tub that holding the water and the inner tub. In the top loading and front loading
washing mahcines, one wonderful development is that they automatically set water temperatures,
ensure that water is used efficiently.
Through mixing hot and cold water in predetermined amounts, most washing machines establish
washing and rinsing the temperatures, and these are good features required to save electricity and
reduced the machine operator's attention.
The general elements of fornt loading and top loading washing mahcine and their process
Basket
The most essentail parts of a washing machine are the inner drum and the outer drum. When the
door or the lid is opened, the inner drum will see and it have a basket filled with holes sitting in
the tub. From inside the door, laundry is moved form the front and the entire drum spins. The
detergent is applied to the laundry when activation the washing machine. After that, let water in
and out the drum have small holes and paddles along the edge to slosh around the clothes. But
the outer drum is the larger drum outside the inner drum, that is utilized as the inner drum spins
to retain the water. The outer drum needs to be fully water-tight, unlike the inner drum. There are
also other elements, besides the two drums. There is an electrically operated pump that drains
water from the drum after the wash is done, a thermometer system to measure the temperature of
the incoming water and a heating device that warms it up to the appropriate temperature. There is
an electronic control machine is called a programmer that causes the different sections of the
washing machine to rinse, wash, spin the clothes in a sequence of steps and there are two pipes
that clean hot and cold water into these machine and a third pipes that let the dirty water out once
again.
Water
Top loading washing mahcine is connected directly to the hot and cold water taps mounted in
the house, while only the cold water tap is connectred to the front loader and it has an element
which would wram water during the laundering. The basket and tub would be filled with either
hot, cold, or warm water when enabled. It is depending when chosen the temperature or program
selected and the type of the washing machine utilized. The rotor turns until the tub filled with
water to agitate the washing machine in the basket. The water will gradually get soapy from
detergent and the turbine would stop rolling after a few minutes of agitation to encourage the

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

laundry to soak in the detergent. To rotate the agitator, motors in the machine utilize belts
wrapped around the turbine. It will be agitated the washing mahcine again. After agitate and soak
the clothes in the soapy of water to release a few of the detergent from them after that drain
water from the tub. When water would drain from the same water lines in other washing
mahcine, while in older washing mahcine models the water would drain through a different tub.
This all depends on the variety of washing machine utilized.
Capacity
There is a large capacity for front load washers than for a top load washer of the same size. This
is because there is no agitator in the middle for a front load washer to take up space such as the
top loader. If the front loader has no main agitator, the drum can carry 20% to 30% more clothes
than the top loading. Front-load washing machines have a door to load clothes on the front of the
unit. Therefore, top-load washing machines have this door on the top of the washing machine
and usually hold more water than their counterparts for front-loading. A significantly larger load
than the top loader can be handled by the front loader. Top loader are typically bigger in South
Africa and can accommodate larger loads than front loaders by observation around several stores
selling washing machines.
Agitation
A top loading washing spin between about 600 and 700 RPM (rotation per minute) while a
front loading washing machine can spin more than 1,000 RPM. It can more fully spin water out
of the clothes, and it can dry more easily. When the agitator spins the vertical axis of drum to
wash the cloth and spin out the water, the top loading washing machine spins the clothes in the
drum while the front loading tumbled the clothes in washing process. Clothes slip down into the
water as the drum spins on the horizontal axis. It tumbled on the spin cycle to drain the water.
Although top loading washing machine used a central agitator spire to catch and drag clothes
through the water and front loading washing machine tumble clothes via a tub of water and
detergent. Although any minor harm can be done by any type of washing, tumbling in a front
loading causes much less damage than a top loading.
Efficiency
Front loading machines are much less effective at washing clothes and it may be harmed or
twisted by their high spin rates. Moreover, the front loading need more detergent and water than
the top loading. They used less power than the front loading model, as top loading don’t have to
spin an agitator in the center of the drum to scrub the clothes and it will be cleaned. The top
loading washing machine is only needed less water to heat up and it can save a lot of power that
can be utilized for water heating and the top loading is more effective than the front loading.
Top loading washing machine (Vertical-axis)
The top loading washing machine models have also become popularity in America and southeast
Asia, but front loading washing machine are also become common in Europe. Front loading is
used more than amount of water level utilized by top loading. It varies due to the various types,
and sizes of the equipment or the different load sizes.

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Methodology

Searching on internet

Telephone Interview to LG
Collect survey shop & Service Center
data through

Questionnaires on Social Media

using SurveyMonkey
application

Figure 4. Methodology
First, I chose the project title about washing machine LG brands. After that collected survey
data through from three ways. they are searching on internet, telephone interview to LG shop &
service center and then quesitonnaires on social media using SurevyMonkey application. Firstly,
I searched about washing machine and its history, its function and its efficient heating element
on internet by using the google scholar. After a thorough search of the data, questions were asked
for a telephone interview. Then, I contact the telephone communication to the LG shop & service
center. After finished the telephone interview, I collected the data by utilizing the SurveyMonkey
application. Then, I sent the survey questionnaires to my friends like email, facebook and so on.
Results and Discussion
Internet search data
Table 1. Internet search data of Washing machine and Washing Machine AND background
Washing Washing Machines AND
  machine background
Chromium 1,360,000,000 46,900,000
Google 607,000,000 23,800,000
Google scholar 2,230,000 434,000
Google chrome 1,360,000 46,900,000
Yahoo 641,000 13,000,000

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

1,600,000,000
1,200,000,000
800,000,000
Number of search results

400,000,000 f(x) = 735192937.1 x^-2.38

R² = 0.81
0
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Figure 5. All keywords and search engines chart (Before using the Power Scale)
Table 2. Internet search data of Washing machine and Washing Machines AND background,
Washing Machines energy efficient OR heating element, Washing Machines AND consumption
and Washing Machine AND vibration reduction

10,000,000,000
100,000,000 f(x) = 735192937.1 x^-2.38
Number of search results

R² = 0.81
1,000,000
10,000
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Figure 6. All keywords and search engines chart (After using Power scale for Chromium)

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

10,000,000,000
1,000,000,000
100,000,000 f(x) = 298442189.05 x^-1.74
10,000,000
Number of search results

R² = 0.66
1,000,000
100,000
10,000

Chromium Google Power (Google)

Google scholar Google chrome Yahoo

Figure 7. All keywords and search engines chart (After using Power scale for Google)
10,000,000,000
100,000,000
Number of search results

1,000,000
f(x) = 3098352.7 exp( − 0.8 x )
10,000 R² = 0.88
e d t n n
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Google scholar Exponential (Google scholar)
h
as Google chrome Yahoo
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Figure 8. All keywords and search engines chart (After using Exponential scale for Google
scholar)

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

10,000,000,000

Number of search results 100,000,000

f(x) = 3837452.03 exp( 0.53 x )
1,000,000 R² = 0.3
10,000
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Chromium W Google
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Google scholar Google chrome
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as Exponential (Google chrome) Yahoo
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Figure 9. All keywords and search engines chart (After using Exponential scale for Google
chrome)
10,000,000,000
100,000,000
Number of search results

f(x) = 597723.9 exp( 1.03 x )

1,000,000 R² = 0.8

10,000
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as Yahoo Exponential (Yahoo)
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Figure 10. All keywords and search engines chart (After using Exponential scale for Yahoo)
It could be observed that the exponential curve can be used to fit data. And then power scale and
exponential scale were utilized to easily and clearly observe all data in the chart. The use of
power scale and exponential scale is intended to be as much as possible in the R2 value. Also,
they must be used to avoid crossing the x axis.
Evaluation of Internet search data

Search Engines Relevance Data Reliable Data Academic sources

Google chrome

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Google
Yahoo
Google Scholar
Chromium

can be considered as Good

can be considered as Moderate
can be considered as Poor
SurveyMonkey Results
The below chart are the answers of online survey which is collected. In collecting information
through online, 39 people answered my survey questions.

Figure 11. “Do you use washing machine at your home?”

For the question of “Do you use washing machine at your home?”, 38 people says “Yes”. One
people says “No”. In converting percentage, 97.44% of people says “Yes” and 2.56% of people
says “No”.

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Figure 12. “What brand of washing machine do you use in your home?”
For this question of “What brand of washing machine do you use in your home?” 11 people
answered “LG”, other 10 people answered “Samsung”, 15 people answered “Panasonic” and 4
people says “Midea”. And then, other people skipped this question. In converting percentage,
“Panasonic” has the highest percentage.

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Figure 13. “Do you know LG washing machine?”

For this question “Do you know LG washing machine?”, 34 peoples answered “Yes”. 5 people
says “No”. In converting percentage, 87.18% of people says “Yes” and 12.82% say “No”.

Figure 14. “How long have you had your washing machine?”
For this question, “How long have you had your washing machine?”, 26 peoples answered the
3+years, 7 people answered 2-3 years, 5 people answered 1-2 years and then other people says

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

less than a year. In converting percentage, people who possess “3+years” got 66.67%. This is the
highest percentage.

Figure 15. “How many washes do you do in a typical week?”

For this question, “How many washes do you do in a typical week?”, 9 people answered the
laundry that week “Once a week” and “Five or more times a week” and “Three times a week”. 7
people answered “Twice a week”, 4 people answered “Four times a week” and other people says
“Less than once a week”. In converting percentage, “Once a week”, “Three times a week” and
“Five or more times a week” are the highest percentage and same percentage.

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Figure 16. “Do you know what heating element is used in LG washing machine?”
For this question, “Do you know what heating element is used in LG washing machine?”, 31
people answered “No” and 8 people says “Yes”.

Figure 17. “Choose one of the heating elements that your washing machine uses”
For this questions, “Choose one of the heating elements that your washing machine uses”, 22
people answered “Pump”, 12 people answered “Thermistor” and 1 people says “Ceramic” and

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

then 4 people skipped this questions. So, in converting percentage the “Pump” is highest
percentage.

Figure 18. “How do you deal with stains such as wine, coffee, grass, blood stains?”
For this questions, “How do you deal with stains such as wine, coffee, grass, blood stains?”, 19
people answered “Wash separately”, 10 people says “Pre-testing the clothing”, other six people
answered “Other specify” and then 2 peoples answered “Wash with the rest of unstained
clothing” and “Wash with intense programme”. So, in converting percentage, “Wash separately”
are the highest percentage.

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Figure 19. “What types of detergent do you use?”

For this question, 27 peoples answered “Powder”, 18 peoples answered “Liquid” and other
people says “Tablet”. In converting percentage, “Powder” is 69.23% and it is the highest
percentage because it has a low cost and these powder can stay longer than other products.

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Figure 20. “Which programme do you usually use?”

For this question, 17 people answered “Rinse and Spin”, 13 people answered “My Wash”, 7
people says “Quick” and 6 people says “Quiet”, 5 people answered “Spin Only” and “Cotton”
and “Mixed”, three people says “Other specify” and then two people says “Refresh”, “Delicate”
and then other people answered “Drum Clean”. In converting percentage, “Rinse and Spin” is the
highest percentage.

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Figure 21. “Choose your gender?”

For this question, 28 people says “Male” and percentage is 71.79% and then other 11 people
says “Female” and percentage is 28.21%. In converting percentage, 71.79% of “Male” is the
highest percentage.

Figure 22. “Choose your age group?”

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

For this question, 29 people results is “18-24”, 2 people says “25-34” and “45-54”, 4 people
answered “Under 18” and other people answered “35-44” and “55-64”. In converting percentage,
“18-24” is the highest percentage 74.36%.

Figure 23. “What is the maximum weight specification of the washing machine?”
For this question, 11 people answered “8kg”, 9 people answered “7.5kg” and “8.5kg”, 4 people
says “7kg” and then other three people answered “12kg” and “15kg+”. In converting percentage,
“8kg” is 28.21% and it is the highest percentage.

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Figure 24. “Does your washing machine include dryer?”

In this question, 28 people says “Yes”, other ten people says “No”. In converting percentage,
73.68% of people says “Yes” and 26.32% of people says “No”.

Figure 25. “Do you use dryer of the washing machine?”

In this question, 28 people says “Yes” and percentage result is “71.79” and 11 people says
“No” and percentage result is “28.21”.

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Figure 26. “What types of washing machine do you use?”

In this question, 37 people says “Top loading” and percentage is 94.87% and other three people
says “Front loading” and then percentage is “7.69”.

Figure 27. “How do you know LG washing machine brand from?”

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

In this question, 19 people answered “Advertisement” and percentage results is 50%. 14

people answered “Facebook” and percentage results is “36.84” and 2 people answered
“Magazine” and “Pamphlet” and their percentage results is “5.26%”.

Figure 28. “Choose one of the special features of your washing machine?”
For this question, 28 people answered “Eco smart mode” and percentage results is “77.78%”.
5 people answered “Memory storage” and percentage results is “13.89%”. Other three people
says “Ironing and pressing” and percentage results is “8.33%”. In converting percentage, “Eco
smart mode” is the highest percentage.
SWOT Analysis
Strength Opportunity
 Convenience in winter and rainy days  Improve service prediction
 Useful when there is an urgent need to  Increase reliability
dry  Improve lifestyle
 Good quality
Weakness Threat
 Extra energy used  Heavy-competition
 Noise  It will be almost maintenance free so
 Expensive repair workers will not be needed as
much.

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Telephone interview to LG Showroom & service center

Name- Staff (Marketing and sales Assistance)
Google map
1. How many models of washing machine in your LG Showroom?
They are 2 two models in LG Showroom. There are-
(a) Front loading type
(b) Top loading type
2. The average price of washing machine in your LG Showroom?
Models are divided due to the weight of the washing machine. The cost of top loading is
cheaper than the front loading. Top loading cost is at least 9 lakhs. Front loading price is over 9
lakhs.
3.The popular model of LG washing machine in your showroom?
Top loading washing machine popular model is LG WT 7200CW. It price is 2.5 lakhs and
capacity of washing machine is 6.5 kg and it have fully automatic.
4. The highest price model of LG washing machine in your showroom?
Front loading washing machine is the highest price model and the model name is LG WT
7800CW. It prices over 9.8 lakhs and capacity of washing machine is 10 kg and it have also fully
automatic.
5. Warranty of these two models?
Only 1 year of these two models.
6. Features of these two models?
Front loading washing machine of body features are transparent window, digital touch screen
display, child lock and fault diagnosis digital display.
Top loading washing machine of body features are intelligent electronic controls with dual
LED display, touch buttons, electric control panel with LED display and dial A-cycle and child
lock.
7. Average life time of the washing machine?
Average life time of the washing machine is only 10 years.

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

Reflection and experience from this project

After researching online literature research journals, it is understood that the washing machine
exponential curve is observed by all natural phenomena. After that, these searching data obeyed
this law as well. When analyzing the data analysis in Microsoft Excel, the findings were
unexpectedly similar. Moreover, the history of washing machine, its energy efficient, its water
consumption, detergent, efficient heating elements and reading abilities and research skills were
improved and learned knowledge about washing machine.
As COVID-19 did not go out, the site visit was only interviewed by telephone. When I was
contacted to LG Showroom. It has huge effect because the staff are very friendly,
accommodating and knowledgeable about LG brand washing machine products. They gave
detailed and accurate information needed in the report. According to the questionnaires requested
during the telephone interview. After this telephone interview, a lot of communication skills, get
more knowledge were improved.
The social media questionnaire began with SurveyMoneky. It is a user-friendly application and it
is easier for users to respond to questions from the survey. To recruit participants, I contacted my
friends who had time to answer questions about washing machine survey by phone or sending
email to them and Facebook was used to post the questions from the survey to the public. In this
survey, 39 people were participated. The SurveyMonkey questionnaires assist to clearly explain
the views of people about the washing machine and its function and use of water.

Conclusion

The usage of washing machine and its background will be studied to meet the objectives. The
water consumption, energy efficient heating element and functions of washing machine will be
learnt. It is needed to fulfill the key project objectives against planned schedule.

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Moe Htet Myet (HND-19043E) Research Project Project report (First attempt)

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