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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background
In the mid-18th century, science fiction came to the fore. At that
time, there was no universal definition of fiction like today. But only a
genre of fiction that deals with imaginary innovation in science or
technology. Usually shaped in futuristic management, all of which are
framed in literary ideas. Most science fiction is based on rational writing
about alternative possibilities. Like people go up to the moon, the
creation of robots, repeating tools and so on. Science fiction is indeed an
imagination, but not a fantasy. Fantasy is impossible. Where as Science
fiction might happen. This possibility is related to the logic and
development of the world. Although some elements in a story are still
pure imaginative speculation. The meaning of fiction developed much
more rapidly until the 21st century. The evolution of fiction that occurs
gradually, proves that it turns out that fiction has a lot of influence on the
development of Indonesia and the world and has great support from the
community. Those who used to feel inferior and hesitant to write fiction
are now the opposite. Fiction is no longer merely a dream, but has
become part of a motivating tool. Fiction is no longer only nailed to
scientific work. Thus was born fantasy fiction, fiction that was lifted from
true stories and so forth. Until now many types of fiction have been
scattered throughout the earth.

B. The Formulation of Problem

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Some people really do not know about fiction, they do not know the
meaning of fiction,The type of fiction,And also a lots of people do not
know about what is the element of fiction So, in this paper will be explain
about that fiction completly

C. Purposes
This paper was created to provide readers with knowledge about the
meaning of fiction, the types and the elements of fiction. We hope this
paper can provide benefits to readers and also writers.

CHAPTER II
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DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Fiction

Fiction is a narration that is partly or entirely related to events that are not
factual but imaginary and are created by someone based on their imagination.
Whether it’s in the form of spectacle, hearing or writing. Roughly speaking,
fiction meaning a hoax.1

Fiction takes steps in the form of a story, to convey points, the author’s
perspective, or just to entertain. Basically this type of work does not need facts,
logic or true stories. What and how it is contained, all depends on thee author.
Fiction is something that arises from the world of fantasy. On the contrary, when
fiction is based on facts as a whole, it is no longer in the form of fiction, but rather
a history.

Indeed there are some works of fiction that are based on true stories, but when
it has been strung together and imbued with imagination, when it also changes its
type to fiction. It is no longer referred to as history or fact.

B. The Types of Fiction

The following below describes the types of fiction :

1. Fairy tale
Fairy tale are a form of imaginary and magical stories that originate from
mouth to mouth, usually told from generation. A fairy tale aims as a story
to eliminate sadness and bring joy. In fairy tales there are many moral
values and advice for readers or listeners.
2. Novel

1
http://fiksikuhamidahjurnalistik.blogspot.com/2016/02/fiksi-kata-pengantar-puji-dan-
syukur.html?m=1
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The novel is a story that tells the story of human life at an indefinite period
of time in his life and there is no perfect solution. Example: Dilan, Koala
Kumal, and Ketika Cinta Bertasbih.
3. Short Story
Short stories are stories of events in human life at a glance and usually
there is no solution at the end of the story. Examples of male love and a
piece of love in silence.

C. The Elements of Fiction

1. Theme
Theme is the main idea that weaves the story together, the why, the
underlying ideas of what happens in the piece of literature, often a
statement about a society or human nature.
Theme is the central idea or meaning of a story. Theme in fiction
is rarely presented at all; it is abstracted from the details of character and
action that compose the story. It provides a unifying point around which
the plot, characters, setting, point of view, symbols, and other elements of
a story are organized. Be careful to distinguish theme from plot – the
story’s sequence of actions – and from subject – what the story is
generally about. 2

2. Plot
Plot is the logical interaction of the various thematic elements of a text
which lead to a change of the original situation as presented at the outset
of the narrative. Plot, the action element in fiction, is the arrangement of
events that make up a story. Many fictional plots turn on a conflict, or
struggle between opposing forces, that is usually resolved by the end of
the story. Typical fictional plots begin with an exposition, that provides
background information needed to make sense of the action, describe the

2
Mario klarer.2004.Literature:An introduction to fiction,poetry and drama (5th edition).New
York:Harper Collins
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setting, and introduces the major characters; these plots develop a series of
complications or intensifications of the conflict that lead to a crisis or
moment of great tension. The conflict may reach a climax or turning point,
a moment of greatest tension that fixes the outcome; then, the action falls
off as the plot’s complications are sorted out and resolved (the resolution
or dènouement).

3. Setting
Setting is another aspect traditionally included in analyses of prose
fiction, and it is relevant to discussions of other genres, too. The term
“setting” denotes the location, historical period, and social surroundings in
which the action of a text develops. Setting in story or fiction includes
time and place.
Setting is the physical and social context in which the action of a
story occurs. The major elements of setting are the time, the place, and the
social environment that frames the characters. These elements establish
the world in which the characters act. Sometimes the setting is lightly
sketched, presented only because the story has to take place somewhere
and at some time.

4. Characters
Characters in fiction can be conveniently classified as major and minor,
static and dynamic. The importance of character to the story determines
how fully the character is developed. Character can be primary,
secondary, minor or main. A major character is an important figure at
the center of the story’s action or theme. The major character is sometimes
called a protagonist whose conflict with an antagonist may spark the
story’s conflict. Supporting the major character are one or more secondary
or minor characters whose function is partly to illuminate the major
characters. Minor characters are often static or unchanging: they remain
the same from the beginning of the work to the end. Dynamic characters,
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on the other hand, exhibit some kind of change – of attitude, purpose,

behavior, as the story progresses.
Generally speaking, characters in a text can be rendered either as
types or as individuals. A typified character in literature is dominated by
one specific trait and is referred to as a flat character. The term round
character usually denotes a persona with more complex and differentiated
features. Typified characters often represent the general traits of a group of
persons or abstract ideas. Medieval allegorical depictions of characters
preferred typification in order to personify vices, virtues, or philosophical
and religious positions.

5. Point of View
The term point of view, or narrative perspective, characterizes the way in
which a text present persons, events, and settings. Point of view refers to
who tells the story and how it is told. The possible ways of telling a story
are many, and more than one point of view can be worked into a single
story. However, the various points of view that storytellers draw upon can
be grouped into two broad categories:
Third-Person Narrator (uses pronouns he, she, or they):
1. Omniscient: The narrator is all-knowing and takes the reader inside
the characters’ thoughts, feelings, and motives, as well as shows what the
characters say and do.

2. Limited omniscient: The narrator takes the reader inside one (or at
most very few characters) but neither the reader nor the character(s) has
access to the inner lives of any of the other characters in the story.

3. Objective: The narrator does not see into the mind of any character;
rather he or she reports the action and dialogue without telling the reader
directly what the characters feel and think.
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6. Atmosphere
The underlying atmosphere of the story is characterization because of
differences in character, causing conflict. With conflict the author deals
with a sad, moving, challenging, fun, or inspiring atmosphere.
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CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

Fiction is a narration that is partly or entirely related to events that are not
factual but imaginary and are created by someone based on their imagination.
Whether it’s in the form of spectacle, hearing or writing. Roughly speaking,
fiction meaning a hoax.

There are some types of fiction, that is fairy tale, novel and short story. And
the elements of fiction is theme, plot, setting, characters, point of view and
atmosphere.
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REFERENCES

http://fiksikuhamidahjurnalistik.blogspot.com/2016/02/fiksi-kata-
pengantar-puji-dan-syukur.html?m=1
Mario klarer.2004.Literature:An introduction to fiction,poetry and drama
(5th edition).New York:Harper Collins