Presented by:
VITU-BARBIER Nicolas
Flight Operations Support Engineer
New VAPP Calculation process
A320/A330/A340 aircraft
Content
Ò VAPP definition
Ò VAPP determination – No failure
Ò VAPP determination – With failure
Ò Enhanced VAPP calculation process
Ò Conclusion
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 2
Content
Ò VAPP definition
Ò VAPP determination – No failure
Ò VAPP determination – With failure
Ò Enhanced VAPP calculation process
Ò Conclusion
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 3
VAPP definition
• VAPP is the safest approach and landing speed taking into
account:
Aircraft gross weight
Wind conditions
Slaps/Flats configuration
Aircraft status (with or without failure)
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Icing conditions
Use of autothrust/autoland
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 4
Content
Ò VAPP definition
Ò VAPP determination – No failure
Ò VAPP determination – With failure
Ò Enhanced VAPP calculation process
Ò Conclusion
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 5
VAPP determination – No failure
• VAPP = VLS (Conf FULL or 3) + Delta
VLS = Lowest selectable speed
– VLS = 1.23 x Vs1g (stall speed under 1g)
– VLS depends on:
• Aircraft weight
• Slats/Flaps configuration
– VLS Conf FULL = VREF
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Delta taken as a margin (max of):
• 5 knots for the use of the autothrust
• 1/3 of steady headwind = Wind Correction (limited to 15 knots)
• 5 knots for severe icing conditions (A330 example)
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 6
VAPP determination – No failure
• Two landing configurations certified:
Conf FULL
Conf 3
• Example:
– A330 180 tons
– Conf 3 landing
– A/THR ON
– No Wind
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots
VLS Conf 3
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 7
VAPP determination – No failure
• Two landing configuration certified:
Conf FULL
Conf 3
• Example:
– A330 180 tons
– Conf 3 landing
– A/THR ON
– No Wind
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots
VLS Conf 3 A/THR use
FMS and QRH method consistent
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 8
Content
Ò VAPP definition
Ò VAPP determination – No failure
Ò VAPP determination – With failure
Ò Enhanced VAPP calculation process
Ò Conclusion
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 9
VAPP determination – With failure
VAPP = VREF (VLS Conf FULL) + ΔVREF + Wind Correction
VREF = VLS of Conf FULL
VLS increase due to actual Slats/Flaps configuration
+
ΔVREF = Speed increase for handling qualities
(ΔVLS shown on LR ECAM STATUS)
Wind correction (0 in our example)
VLS of ldg Conf
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
VREF
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 10
VAPP determination – With failure
A330 engine 1 failure (1/3)
After ECAM action completed the following STATUS is shown
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 11
VAPP determination – With failure
A330 engine 1 failure (2/3)
– Wind = 0 knots
– Weight = 180 tons
ΔVREF
• VAPP = 135 + 5 = 140 knots
VREF
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 12
VAPP determination – With failure
A330 engine 1 failure (3/3)
Summary: A330 at 180 tons in Conf 3 without wind:
VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots VAPP = 135 + 5 = 140 knots
VLS Conf 3 A/THR VREF ΔVREF
use
Autothrust use not taken into account in the
failure case calculation
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
VAPP Conf 3 with one engine inoperative
lower than VAPP Conf 3 with no failure.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 13
VAPP determination – With failure
Use of the QRH table when “NORM” is indicated (1/3)
• EX: Anti skid inoperative
on A321 at 80 tons
No ΔVREF
“Norm” Indicated
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 14
VAPP determination – With failure
Use of the QRH table when “NORM”
is indicated (2/3)
• Calcul of the VAPP
(Ldg Conf 3, A/THR ON, no wind)
VAPP = Max between
– 150 + 5 = 155
VAPP = 155 kt
– 150 + 1/3*0 = 150
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flight
crew may interpret the note as
a ΔVREF
VAPP = 144 + 6 + 1/3*0 = 150 kt
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 15
VAPP determination – With failure
Use of the QRH table when “NORM” is indicated (3/3)
• Summary
A321,80 tons: VLS Conf 3 = 150 knots
VAPP using “Normal configuration (with no ΔVREF)” table:
– VAPP = 155 kt
VAPP “Abnormal/emergency configuration (with ΔVREF)” :
– VAPP = 150 kt
Two methods may be used
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
to determine the VAPP
with not the same result
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 16
Content
Ò VAPP definition
Ò VAPP determination – No failure
Ò VAPP determination – With failure
Ò Enhanced VAPP calculation process
Ò Conclusion
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 17
Enhanced VAPP calculation process
• One single method whatever the type of failure
No room for doubts on the method to be used
– Normal VAPP calculation removed from QRH Part 2
• VAPP with failure higher or equal to VAPP with no failure
Autothrust use taken into account
Clear and unambiguous
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
method
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 18
Enhanced VAPP calculation process
A330 Current QRH 2.40
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 19
Enhanced VAPP calculation process
A330 Enhanced QRH 2.40
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 20
Enhanced VAPP calculation process
A330 Enhanced QRH 2.40
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 21
Enhanced VAPP calculation process
A330 Enhanced QRH 2.40
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 22
Enhanced VAPP calculation process
A330 Enhanced QRH 2.40
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 23
Enhanced VAPP calculation process
A330 Enhanced QRH 2.40
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 24
Enhanced VAPP calculation process
A330 Engine 1 failure
Weight = 180 tons, autothrust used, and no wind
• VREF = 135 kt • ΔVREF = 5 kt
APPR CORR = 5 kt
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
VAPP = 135 + 5 + 5 = 145 knots
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 25
Enhanced VAPP calculation process
A330 Engine 1 failure
Weight = 180 tons, autothrust used, and no wind
• VAPP = 138 + 5 = 143 knots • VAPP = 135 + 5 + 5 = 145 knots
VLS Conf 3 A/THR VREF ΔVREF A/THR
use use
Autothrust effect now taken into account
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
VAPP with failure higher or equal to VAPP without
failure
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 26
Enhanced VAPP calculation process
QRH additional modifications
• VAPP detemination without failure moved in QRH part 4
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 27
Enhanced VAPP calculation process
Use of the QRH table when “NORM” is indicated
LDG CONF / APPR SPD / LDG DIST FOLLOWING FAILURE tables modified
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Easier to use
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 28
Content
Ò VAPP definition
Ò VAPP determination – No failure
Ò VAPP determination – With failure
Ò Enhanced VAPP calculation process
Ò Conclusion
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 29
Conclusion
• One single method for VAPP computation, whatever the
type of failure
VAPP determination method without failure is moved from
QRH Part 2 to QRH Part 4
• With the enhanced VAPP calculation method (with failure)
Autothrust
use can be taken into account
VAPP with failure is higher or equal to VAPP without failure
• “NORM” indication replaced by two cases (Conf 3 and
FULL) in the QRH LDG CONF / APPR SPD / LDG DIST
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FOLLOWING FAILURE table.
• Enhancements should be available with the next QRH
General Revisions planned for dispatch in January 2008
New VAPP Calculation process April 2007 Page 30
Proprietary document.
By taking delivery of this Presentation (hereafter “Presentation”), you accept on behalf of your company to comply with the following. No
other property rights are granted by the delivery of this Presentation than the right to read it, for the sole purpose of information. This
Presentation, its content, illustrations and photos shall not be modified nor reproduced without prior written consent of Airbus S.A.S. This
Presentation and the materials it contains shall not, in whole or in part, be sold, rented, or licensed to any third party subject to payment or
not. This Presentation may contain market-sensitive or other information that is correct at the time of going to press. This information
involves a number of factors which could change over time, affecting the true public representation. Airbus assumes no obligation to
update any information contained in this document or with respect to the information described herein. The statements made herein do
not constitute an offer or form part of any contract. They are based on Airbus information and are expressed in good faith but no warranty
or representation is given as to their accuracy. When additional information is required, Airbus S.A.S can be contacted to provide further
details. Airbus S.A.S shall assume no liability for any damage in connection with the use of this Presentation and the materials it contains,
even if Airbus S.A.S has been advised of the likelihood of such damages. This licence is governed by French law and exclusive jurisdiction
is given to the courts and tribunals of Toulouse (France) without prejudice to the right of Airbus to bring proceedings for infringement of
copyright or any other intellectual property right in any other court of competent jurisdiction.
