Chapter Three:
Attitudes and Job
satisfaction
Beder International University
Faculty: Business Administration
Program: BBA
Course: Organizational Behavior
Year/semester: 2nd year/1st semester.
Group presentation.
Group members:
1. Abdisamed Mohamoud Suleiman
2. Ayaan Deeq Qawdhan
3. Nasra Ali Abdi
3–2
1. Contrast the three components of an attitude.
2. Summarize the relationship between attitudes
and behavior.
3. Compare and contrast the major job attitudes.
4. Define job satisfaction and show how we can
measure it.
5. Summarize the main causes of job satisfaction.
6. Identify four employee responses to
dissatisfaction.
3–3
Attitudes are evaluative statements － either
favorable or unfavorable － concerning
objects, people, or events.
They reflect how one feels about something.
“ why I like my job? ”
3–4
Cognitive
Cognitive component
component
Attitudes
Attitudes The
Theopinion
opinionor
orbelief
beliefsegment
segmentof
ofan
an
attitude.
attitude.
Evaluative
Evaluative
statements
statements or
or
judgments Affective
Affective Component
Component
judgments The
Theemotional
emotionalor
orfeeling
feelingsegment
segmentof
of
concerning
concerning an
anattitude.
attitude.
objects,
objects,
people,
people, or
or
events.
events. Behavioral
Behavioral Component
Component
An
Anintention
intentionto
tobehave
behaveininaacertain
certain
way
waytoward
towardsomeone
someoneor orsomething.
something.
3–5
Negative
For example: if workers belief there is a conspiracy
made by:
Bosses
Managers
Supervisors
Auditors
To make employees work harder for the same or
less money.
Therefore, the question is:
How they(employees) relate to actual job behavior?
And how they(employees) may be changed?
3–7
In the late 1960s, a review of a research
assumed that attitudes and behavior are
causally related that people do what they like
Examples:
a) People watch TV program which they like.
b) Employees avoid assignments they find distasteful.
A researcher called Leon Festinger argued that
attitudes follow behavior.
Cognitive Dissonance- Any incompatibility between
two or more attitudes or between behavior and
attitudes. i.e.
Cheating.
tobacco company.
The result is whether make corrections or leave it. 3–8
What importance an individual gives
to a specific attitude.
Its correspondence of behavior.
Its accessibility.
Social pressures.
direct experience with attitude.
3–9
Types of major job attitudes
Job
Job Satisfaction
Satisfaction
AA collection
collection of
of positive
positive and/or
and/or negative
negative feelings
feelings that
that an
an
individual
individual holds
holds toward
toward his
his or
or her
her job.
job.
Job
Job Involvement
Involvement
Identifying
Identifying with
with the
the job,
job, actively
actively participating
participating in
in it,
it, and
and
considering
considering performance
performance important
important toto self-worth.
self-worth.
Organizational Commitment
Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, and
wishing to maintain membership in the organization.
3–10
Affective Continuance
Commitment
Normative
Normative
Commitment
Commitment
Commitment
An emotional The percieved An obligation to
attachment to economics remain with the
the organization values of organization for
and a belief in its remaining with moral or ethical
values. an organization reasons.
compared to
leaving it.
3–11
Other Job Attitudes
Perceived Organizational Support(POS): The degree to
which employees believe an organization values their
contribution and cares about their well-being.
For example:
Employee accommodation
Forgiveness of minor mistakes made by employees
Employee Engagement: An individual’s involvement with,
satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he or she does.
For example:
Highly engaged employees have a passion for their work and
feel a deep connection to their company.
Disengaged employees have checked out putting time but not
energy or attention into their work.
3–12
Evidence suggests these attitudes are highly
related.
This means that, there is some distinctiveness
among them, but they overlap greatly.
3–13
Job Satisfaction
Job Satisfaction: A positive feeling about one’s job
resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics or an
individual’s emotional response to work or workplace.
Job Satisfaction: includes multidimensional
psychological responses to an individual’s job. (by Hulin and
judge).
Job Satisfaction: is the level of contentment employees
feel about their work which can affect performance.
3–14
Measurement of Job Satisfaction
There are two popular measures:
A Single Global Rating– an individual’s response to the
question
How satisfied are you with your job?
The Respondent replies by circling a number between 1 and 5
that corresponds to answers from “highly satisfied ” to
“highly dissatisfied”.
3–15
……Continue……
A Summation of Job Facets – this is more
sophisticated. It identifies key elements in a job
such as:
the nature of the work.
Supervision.
Present pay.
Promotion opportunities.
And relationships with co-workers.
3–16
Causes of Job Satisfaction
The major cause of Job Satisfaction
are:
Work Itself
Pay
Promotion
Supervision
feedback
Coworker
Overall
3–17
The Impact of Satisfied and Dissatisfied
Employees on the Workplace
Exit
Exit Voice
Voice
Behavior
Behavior directed
directed toward
toward Active
Active and
and constructive
constructive
leaving
leaving the
the organization.
organization. attempts
attempts to
to improve
improve
conditions.
conditions.
Loyalty
Loyalty Neglect
Neglect
Passively
Passively waiting
waiting for
for Allowing
Allowing conditions
conditions to
to
conditions
conditions to
to improve.
improve. worsen.
worsen.
3–18
The Impact of Satisfied and Dissatisfied
Employees on the Workplace
We
Wecan
canrepresent
representthese
theseImpact
Impactdiagrammatically
diagrammaticallyas
asthis
this: :
Active
Destructive Constructive
Passive 3–19
Outcomes of Satisfaction and
Dissatisfaction in the Workplace
These
These areare the
the outcomes
outcomes ofof Job
Job Satisfaction
Satisfaction and
and
dependent
dependent variables.
variables.
1.
1. J.
J. S.
S. and
and Performance
Performance +ve+ve
2.
2. J.
J. S.
S. and
and OCB
OCB +ve+ve
3.
3. J.
J. SS and
and customer
customer satisfaction
satisfaction +ve
+ve
4.
4. J.
J. S.
S. and
and Absenteeism
Absenteeism -ve-ve
5.
5. J.
J. S.
S. and
and Turnover
Turnover -ve
-ve
6.
6. J.
J. S.
S. and
and Workplace
Workplace Deviance
Deviance -ve
-ve
The
The opposite
opposite is
is also
also true.
true.
3–20
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive
Cognitive Dissonance
Dissonance
Any
Any incompatibility
incompatibility between
between twotwo or
or more
more attitudes
attitudes
or
or between
between behavior
behavior andand attitudes.
attitudes.
Desire
Desire to
to reduce
reduce dissonance.
dissonance.
•• Importance
Importanceof
ofelements
elementscreating
creatingdissonance.
dissonance.
•• Degree
Degreeof
ofindividual
individualinfluence
influenceover
overelements.
elements.
•• Rewards
Rewardsinvolved
involvedin
indissonance.
dissonance.
3–21
3–22
3–23
3–24
3–25
3–26
