A.

The Human Person Flourishing in Terms of Alienation

Science and Technology  estrangement of human from aspect of human
nature
Martin Heidegger  a state in which this human drives and
 The essence of technology is by no means tendencies are stunted to some degree
anything technological
Labour
Science and Technology  means of procuring some means of survival
 forefront of the society
Genetic Intervention
Technology  brings one more consumer product
 changes us and the world around us  potentially developing into another consumer
 makes work easier, cure diseases choice
 brought us longer and healthier lives
 makes possible instant communication with Man is alienated from this product and cannot use this
others around the world but creates distance product as a tool of self-expression
between ourselves and people near us
Aristotle
The basic principle of ethics and morality should not  fountainhead behind every achievement in
change as a result of new technologies science, technology, political theory
 his philosophy underpinned the achievement of
Human Flourishing the Renaissance
 effort to achieve self-actualization and fulfilment  teaches that each man’s life has a purpose and
within the context of a larger community the function of one’s life is to attain that purpose
 encompasses the uniqueness, dignity, diversity,  states that each human being should use his
freedom, happiness, and holistic well-being abilities to their fullest potential

Achieving human flourishing Human Beings

 life-long existential journey of hopes,  have natural desire and capacity to know and
achievements, regrets, losses, illness, suffering understand the truth
and coping
Human Achievements
Catholicism and Islam  animated by the purpose and autonomy
 home to long traditions of philosophical and
theological TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY OF REVEALING

Men and Women Martin Heidegger

 divine origin and possess an inviolable dignity  German Philosopher who wrote an essay “The
Question Concerning Technology” ; it addresses
Human person and Human body modern technology and its essence as
 divine gifts deserving unconditional respect instrumental way of revealing world

Science and Technology Technology

 positive in principle but can also serve evil ends  splitting out of control; causes frustration

Karl Marx Causality

 revolutionary socialist ; posits that in our daily  end is the beginning; instrument design to
lives, we take decision that have unintended become a being
consequences
 states that humans are naturally social being Essence
 where Heidegger’s understanding of technology
Society was based
 unity of man in nature
1. Essence of Technology is not something we
make; not the best characteristic of technology;
Marx rather see it as an event which we belong
 says to achieve human flourishing, individuals
must first overcome different mechanisms of 2. Technology holds sway over beings that we do
alienation not normally think of as technological
 3. Essence of technology is primarily a matter of
modern and industrial technology; revealed in Learning to be human
factories and industrial processes  center to Confucian Humanism

4. Technology is not simply practical application Plato

of natural science  in Republic, contends that soul and has three
motivating parts (1) rational (2) spirited or
Two Characteristics of Modern Technology emotional (3) appetitive

1. The mode of revealing modern technology is Aristotle

challenging  in his Nicomachean Ethics, states that
Eudaimonia is constituted not by an honor but
Challenging by rational activity
 as a mode of revealing nature could contrast  according to him, all human seek to flourish
“Physis”
Flourishing
Physis  functional definition
 arising something from itself
 bringing-forth or poieses Four Aspects of Human Nature
 a flower blossoming as an example
1. Physical – exercise, rest
Natural way of Revealing 2. Emotional – wants, desire
 revelation has its own autonomy 3. Rational – creative, expressive, obey reason
4. Social – live and function in particular society
Artificial
 mode of revealing in modern technology An individual cannot truly flourish if he is not
 sees nature as an object of manipulation flourishing in one of the four aspect of human nature.

2. It brings forth the energy of nature as expediting Human Flourishing

 also known as personal flourishing involves use
Expediting of individual potentialities like talents, abilities
 hasten the movement of something  moral accomplishment and fulfilment
 becomes an actuality
Standing in reserve  it is inclusive and encompasses wide variety of
 what Heidegger named things that are revealed constitutive ends
in modern technology  use of reason is not necessary but it is sufficient
 come forth in challenge and expediting
Living rationally
Object  dealing with the world conceptually
 things that “stand against us” as thing with
autonomy Living consciously
 implies respect for the facts of reality
En-framing  not affected by the degree of one’s intelligence
 for Heidegger, it is the essence of modern  the acceptance of use of one’s reason in the
technology recognition of reality
 putting into the frame
 network or interlocking thing standing in reserve Values
 can be achieved if man recognized and adheres
HUMAN FLOURISHING the reality of his personal endowments

Human Flourishing Practical Reason

 best translation from Greek word Eudaimonia,  used to choose, create and integrate all values
 good fortune and material prosperity and virtue
 a situation achieved through virtue, knowledge
and excellence

Eudaimonia
 human flourishing
 C. When Technology and Humanity Cross Social Robots
 infant version of long-hoped for androids
The real danger is not the computers will begin to think
like men, but that men will begin to think like computers Rodney Brooks
– Sydney Harris  an expert in robotics and artificial intelligence
 explains that it is no longer a question to
Exponential Technological Advances whether human-level artificial intelligence will
 offer tremendous potential be developed, but rather how and when

THE ETHICAL DILLEMAS OF ROBOTS AGI

 artificial general intelligence
Technological Advancement  human-level artificial intelligence
 cornerstone of modern society
Aristotle
Androids  an organism has both matter and form
 yet to be perfectly fulfilled by technology
 human-like and self-aware robots Materialism
 does not entertain any notion of organism having
Attributes of Robots a form or soul; rather organism is made simply
various matter
Mobility
Intelligent Behaviour Matter
Sense  could be of biological material; plants, animals,
Manipulation of Environment and human
 could be mechanic and electronics components;
Robot that made modern-day robots
 refers specifically to androids
 comes from the Slavic Language’s word for Psyche or Soul
work which is robota  the word use to describe the form of a living
 first use of word was in 1920 in the form of a organism
play written by Karel Capek
Dr. Robert Greene
R.U.R  the self-organization of living matter is based on
 Rossum’s Universal Robots the presence of substantial unity called psyche
 title of the play
 it involved the development of artificial people Matter
 basic tenet of materialism
Hephaestus
 greek god of fire and the forge Materialism
 built robots out of gold which were his helper  all things are composed of material and all
phenomena are result of material interaction
Pygmalion
 crafted a statue of Galatea that would come to Catholicism defines materialism as
life  philosophical system which regard matter as the
only reality in the world
Leonardo Da Vinci’s Journal  denies the existence of God and the soul
 one of the milestone in the design and
development of such robot Three Primary Forms of Life Accepted in Modern
 detailed plans for the construction of humanoid World
robots
 date back 1495 Plant life
Animal Life
Robin Marantz Henig Human
 discusses her experiences with what are often
labelled as social robots
Isaac Asimov Trolley Dilemma
 Introduced the Three Laws of Robotics which  exposes an interesting problems; sometimes our
were published in his short story entitled Run ethical and moral instincts are screwed by
around. circumstances

Three Laws of Robotics Root Question involving human-robot relations

 an excellent way to ensure the self-development  whether humans can peacefully exist with
of this supposed new life another intelligent species
 presuppose that human life is of great value than
that of androids Human Nature
 prideful and human society as a whole could not
1. A robot may not injure a human being, or handle not being on top
through inaction, allow a human being to come
to harm HUMANS, MORALS AND MACHINE

2. A robot must obey any orders given to it by Technological Nature

human beings, except where such orders would  mediate, augment or stimulate the natural world
conflict with the First Law
AIBO
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as  sony’s higher-end robot
such protection does not conflict with the First
and Second Law South Korea
 drawing up an ethical code to prevent human
Robotics Technology abuse robots and vice-versa
 not a place where ethical codes for robots are
necessary Euron
 European Robotics Network
South Korea  group of leading roboticists
 one of the most high-tech country in the world  started lobbying governments for legislation
 leading the way in development code
Safety
Robot Ethic Character  top of their list concern
 to prevent human abuse of robots – and vice
versa Ethical or Moral Sense for Machines
 focus on the social problems the mass  can be built on a utilitarian base
integration of robots in society is bound to
bound to create It is crucial that these systems are able to explain their
moral decision to us.
Stefan Lovgren
 human control over robots, and human being Is Google Making us Stupid?
addicted to robot interaction  Nicholas Carrs
 discusses the effects that the Internet may be
South Korea’s Robot Ethic Charter having on our ability to focus
 beginning of a modern-day implementation of  the article is split into two pieces
Asimov’s Three Law of Robotics
Two Pieces of the Article
Mark Tilden
 claims that we are not simply at point where Nicholas Carr’s longing for his brain to be one
robots can give morals with the Internet
 if we do, conundrums and humans would face
result in more tragedy that utility Google’s standpoint on how our brains should
be replaced by artificial intelligence
Trolley Car Dilemma
 Adherence to a rule is impossible because all Human-machine Partnership
choices violate the same rule.  enable people to find and act on information
without interference of emotions
The calculus is identical but our feelings are different.  they will learn to team up with technologies
 Moravec’s view
Emerging Technologies  robots will eventually succeed us – that humans
 underpin the formation of new-human machine clearly face extinction
partnership
Most Compelling 21st century Technologies – threat
WHY DOES THE FUTURE NOT NEED US?
Robotics
It has become appallingly obvious that our technology Genetic engineering
has exceeded our humanity - Albert Einstein Nanotechnology

Computer Scientists Robots

 succeeded in developing intelligent machines  engineered organism
that can do all things better than human beings
Nanobots
Human Race  dangerous amplifying factor; they can self-
 might easily permit itself to drift into a position replicate
of such dependence on the machines
Untold Promise of 21st century technologies
Machine-made decision will bring better result than
man-made ones Genetic engineering may soon provide
treatments
Superfluous Nanotechnologies and Nanomedicine can
 useless burden on the system address more ills

Life will be purposeless that people will have to WMD

biologically or psychologically engineered  Weapon of mass destruction
 Nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) – were
Theodore Kaczynskian powerful and the weapons an enormous threat
 an American domestic terrorist also known as
Unabomber 21st Century Technologies
 killed 3 people during a nationwide bombing  GNR
campaign targeting those involved in the modern  so powerful that they spawn whole new classes
technology of accidents and abuses

David Gelernter KMD

 most brilliant and visionary computer-scientist  knowledge-enables mass destruction
 destructiveness hugely amplified by the power
Murphy’s Law of self-replication
 Anything that can go wrong, will
Molecular Electronics
South and North America  individual atoms and molecules replace
 separated by a sunken panama isthmus lithographically drawn transistors

South America 2030

 was populated by marsupial mammals  we are likely to build machines, a million times
powerful as the computers as of today
Northern Placental Species
 displace and eliminate almost all the southern Genetic Engineering
marsupials  promises to revolutionize agriculture by
increasing crop yields while reducing use of
Robotic Industries pesticide
 compete vigorously among themselves for
matter, energy and space Technologies
 raised our awareness of the profound ethical and
Main job on the 21st century moral issues we face
 ensuring continued cooperation from the robot
industries
 according to the textbook of Dystopia and
Moravec
 Ray Kurzweil
Equality  believes we have a better than even a chance of
 cornerstone of our democracy making it through

Lovin’s Note People suggest that we simply move beyond the earth.
 the USDA has approved about 50 genetically
engineered crops Von Neumann Probes
 hop from star system to star system
Nanotechnology
 clear military and terrorist uses Another idea is to erect a series of shields to defend
against each of the dangerous technologies.
Nanotechnological Device
 devices that can be built to be selectively Strategic Defence Initiative
destructive  proposed by Reagan administration
 attempts to design shield against the threat of
J. Robert Oppenheimer nuclear attack from the Soviet Union
 brilliant physicist that build the first atomic
bomb Arthur C. Clarke
 not naturally interested in politics but painfully  observes that the idea of national umbrella was
aware about what he received grave threat nonsense

Grave Threat Luis Alvarez

 threat surely grave because of the possibility that  the greatest experimental physicist
Hitler might obtain nuclear weapons  remarks that advocates of such schemes were
very bright guys with no common sense
Trinity
 first atomic test These technologies are too powerful to be shielded.

Edward Teller Aristotle

 calculated that an atomic explosion might set  Metaphysics, all men by nature desire to know
fire to the atmosphere
Nietzsche
Oppenheimer  warned us, at the end of the 19th century, not
 concerned for a possible evacuation of only God is dead but that faith in science, cannot
southwest part of the state of New Mexico owe is origin to a calculus utility

Two Atomic Bombs Greeks

 destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki  western notion of happiness
 the exercise of vital powers along lines of
Freeman Dyson excellence
 physicist who said that the reason it was dropped
was just that nobody has the courage or foresight Economic Growth
to say no  growth that has largely been a blessing for
several hundred years
August 6, 1945  but it has not brought us unalloyed happiness
 aftermath of bombing in Hiroshima

Nagasaki
 3 days after the bombing of Hiroshima

November 1945
 Oppenheimer said, it is not possible to be a
scientist unless you believe that the knowledge
of the world is a thing which is intrinsic value to
humanity

John Leslie
 concluded that risk of human extinction is at
least 30 %