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Understanding COPD: Key Conditions and Symptoms

COPD is characterized by obstruction of airflow that is not completely reversible. It is a group of pathological conditions where there is partial or complete obstruction of air flow resulting in functional disability of lungs. The four conditions included in COPD are chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchial asthma, and bronchiectasis. COPD is caused by antecedents like infection, smoking, pollution, allergens or neoplastic growth and results in narrowing of airways and changes in vasculature leading to signs and symptoms like chronic cough, increased work of breathing, and barrel chest. Diagnosis involves tests like PFT, ECG, chest X-ray and ABG analysis.

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Suneel Kumar Prajapati
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138 views3 pages

Understanding COPD: Key Conditions and Symptoms

COPD is characterized by obstruction of airflow that is not completely reversible. It is a group of pathological conditions where there is partial or complete obstruction of air flow resulting in functional disability of lungs. The four conditions included in COPD are chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchial asthma, and bronchiectasis. COPD is caused by antecedents like infection, smoking, pollution, allergens or neoplastic growth and results in narrowing of airways and changes in vasculature leading to signs and symptoms like chronic cough, increased work of breathing, and barrel chest. Diagnosis involves tests like PFT, ECG, chest X-ray and ABG analysis.

Uploaded by

Suneel Kumar Prajapati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COPD(

chr
oni
cobst
ruct
ivepul
monar
ydi
sease)
:-
COPDi
schar
act
eri
sedbyobst
ruct
ionofai
rf
lowt
hati
snotcompl
etel
yrev
ersi
ble.

I
tisagroupofpathol
ogicalcondi
ti
oninwhichther
eispar
ti
alorcompl
eteobst
ruct
ionofai
r
f
lowresul
ti
nginfunct
ionaldisabi
l
ityofl
ungs.

Thef
oll
owi
ngf
ourcondi
ti
onsar
eincl
udedi
nCOPD.

1.Chr
oni
cbr
onchi
ti
s.

2.Emphy
sema.

3.Br
onchi
alast
hma.

4.Br
onchi
ect
asi
s.

1.Chr
oni
cbr
onchi
ti
s:-
Iti
sacondit
ionassoci
atedwithexcessi
vetr
acheobr
onchi
almucuspr
oduct
ionsuff
ici
entto
causecoughwit
hexpectorat
ionforatl
eastt
hreemonthsoft
heyeari
ntwoconsequti
veyears.

2.Emphy
sema:
-
I
tisper
manentdi l
ati
onofai
rspacet
oter
minal
bronchi
olesandt
hedi
str
uct
ionoft
hewal
l
sof
di
lat
edairspaces.

3.Br
onchi
alast
hma:
-
I
tisadi
seaseOfai
rwaysthatischar
acter
isedbyincreasedr
esponsi
venesst
racheo-
bronchi
al
t
reetov
ari
etyofst
imul
ati
ngf act
orsresul
ti
nginnarrowingofai
rpassage.

4.Br
onchi
ect
asi
s:-
I
tisdef
ineasper
manentabnor
maldil
ati
onofoneormorelar
gebr
onchi
duet
othedi
str
uct
ion
ofel
ast
icandmascul
arcomponent
softhebronchi
alwal
l
.

Et
iopat
hogenesi
s:-
Ant
ecedent
sli
kei
nfect
ion,
smoki
ng,
pol
l
uti
on,
all
ergensorneopl
ast
icgr
owt
h.

Necr
osi
sofbr
onchi
alwal
landsuppor
ti
ngt
issue.
Nar
rowi
ngofai
rway
sandchangesi
svascul
atur
e.

Ai
rtr
appi
ngcausi
nghy
per
inf
lat
ion. Ai
rfl
owobst
ruct
ion.

COPD. COPD.

Si
gnandsy
mpt
om:
-
 Chr
oni
ccough.

 Pl
urentsput
um pr
oduct
ion.

 I
ncr
easedwor
kofbr
eat
hing.

 Rest
lessness,
conf
usi
onandanxi
ety
.

 Hy
peri
nfl
atedbar
rel
chestduet
oai
rtr
appi
ng,
muscl
ewast
ingandpuseddi
pbr
eat
hing.

 Hy
per
capni
a,mor
ningheadachei
nadv
ancest
age.

Pat
hol
ogi
cal
changes:
-
 Br
onchi
alwal
li
sthi
ckenedshowi
nggl
obel
etcel
lhy
per
plasi
a.

 Di
l
ati
onofai
rspaceanddi
str
uct
ionofsept
alwal
l
.

 Ov
erdi
stendedl
ungduet
oov
eri
nfl
ati
ons.

 Fi
brot
icandt
hickenedadhesi
onofchestwal
l
.

Di
agnost
icmet
hods:
-
 PFT.

 ECG.

 Chestx-
ray
.
 ABGanal
ysi
s.

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