OBJECT ORIENTED

CONCEPTS

28-11-2014
11/17/202 ANKIT VERMA 101
0
 Object Oriented Concepts

 VB.NET is an Object Oriented Programming language

with features:
 Abstraction
 Encapsulation
 Polymorphism
 Inheritance
 It also support following:
 Overloading

 Overriding

 Structure

 Class

11/17/202
0
 Class

 Class is generally called a Blueprint or User Defined

Data Type.
 Class is collection of objects of similar type.
 Class consists of Attributes (Data Members) and
Behaviors (Member Functions), that are used by
Instances of that class.
 Class is an Abstract entity.
 Members of Class:
 Data Members, Properties, Methods & Events
 Class Access Specifiers:
 Public, Private, Protected, Friend & Protected Friend
11/17/202
0
 Object

 Objects are Real Time entity.

 They may present as Person, Place, Bank Account, Table of
Data, Item etc.
 It is Instance of class.
 Each object contain data & code to manipulate data.
 Two types of data members:
 Static or Class Member
 Members that apply to Class and called by their class names.
 Shared keyword is used with members.
 Instance or Object Member
 Members that apply to object.
 They referred by object name.

11/17/202
0
 Overloading & Overriding

 Overloading
 Provide different versions of a method that has same name &
different parameters.
 Parameters can be different from name, data type or ordering of
parameters.
 Overriding
 Replace inherited property or method.

 Overridden methods in subclass must be same as base class

method including name and parameters.

11/17/202
0
 Class Object Example

 Example:

11/17/202
0
 Constructor

 Special methods that allow control over initialization

of objects.
 Constructors are Procedures with name Sub New.
 Run when Instance of class is created.
 Explicitly called only from other Constructors.
 Parameterized Constructors:
 Parameters can be passed to constructors also.
 Shared Constructors can’t have parameters.

11/17/202
0
 Constructor Types

 Two types of Constructors:

 Shared Constructors
 Used to initialize Shared variables.
 Created using Shared keyword & shared with all instance of class.
 Not run more than one, during single execution of program.
 Explicitly Public access & we can’t write explicitly.
 We can’t initialize Instance variable in Constructor.

 Instance Constructors
 Initialize
variable that are declared with Dim, Public, Private,
Friend, Protected etc.
 You can also access Shared variable within this.

11/17/202
0
 Constructor Example

11/17/202
0
 Destructor

 Special method used to release Objects from memory.

 Two types of Destructors:
 Finalize Method
 Called from the class or derived class, to which it belong.
 Called after last reference to an Object is released from Memory.
 .NET automatically runs Finalize Destructor.
 We can’t determine it’s execution, when an Object loses its scope.
 CLR calls this using system call called Garbage Collection.
 CLR periodically check for Object, if Object not used, this Destructor
is called automatically and Garbage Collection Starts.
 Finalize method is Overridden when we write our code Explicitly.

 Dispose
11/17/202
0
 Destructor

 Dispose Method
 Problem with Finalize Method is non deterministic nature.
 We can’t determine Finalize Method call explicitly.

 Dispose Method is called to release resource such as Database

Connection, File Handler or System Lock.
 Unlike Finalize Method, this is not called Automatically.
 Through code we have to call this Explicitly.

 Example:
Protected Overrides Sub Finalize ( )
MsgBox (“Object Out Of Scope”)
EndSub

11/17/202
0
 Structure

 It is User Defined Data Type.

 Structure combines Variables & Methods.
 Single Variable of Structure can hold different types of data.
 Structure can be declared Inside Class, Namespace, Module
or Another Structure.
 Access Specifiers are allowed for Structure & their members.
 Only Shared Members & Constants can be Initialized.
 Like Class, Structure have Constructors but only
parameterized.
 If we have Default Constructor, that must be declared as Shared one.

11/17/202
0
 Structure Example

 Example:

11/17/202
0
 Structure With Constructor Example

 Example:

11/17/202
0
 Class VS Structure

 Similarities:
 Both are User Defined Data Types.

 Both support members like Constructor, Variables, Constants,

Methods, Events etc.
 Both have Shared Constructors with or without parameters.

 Both can implement Interfaces.

11/17/202
0
 Class vs Structure

 Differences:
 Class can be Inherited from other Class, but Structure not.

 Class can have Instance Constructors with and without

parameters, but Structure only have parameterized.
 Class is Reference type, but Structure is Value type.

 Class allow initialization of members inside Class, but Structure

not allow inside initialization.
 Class have Private as default Access Specifier for all variables &
constants, but Structure have Public by default.
 Class Procedures can handle Events, but not in Structure.

11/17/202
0
 Method Overloaing

28-11-2014
11/17/202 ANKIT VERMA 117
0
 Method Overloading

 Overloading Methods have same name, but different

argument lists.
 Argument may differ in Type, Number or Order Of
The Parameter.
 Return type of Overloading Method can be Same or
Different.
 Method invoked depends upon the type of argument
passed.
 Overloading is example of Polymorphism.

11/17/202 118
0
 Method Overloading : Example

11/17/202 119
0
 Shared Members

28-11-2014
11/17/202 ANKIT VERMA 120
0
 Shared Members

 Shared keyword can be used with Constructor,

Methods & Variables.
 Shared methods can be overloaded like regular
methods.
 Shared variables create only one copy for all instances
of class.

11/17/202 121
0
 Shared Members : Example

 Example:

11/17/202 122
0
 Inheritance

28-11-2014
11/17/202 ANKIT VERMA 123
0
 Inheritance

 Inheritance refers to deriving new Class from existing Class.

 Derived Class is known as Sub Class and Parent Class is
known as Base Class.
 Derived Class inherits all Public & Protected Data Members,
Methods, Events & Constants.
 Constructor can’t be inherited.
 Types of Inheritance:
 Single
 Multi Level
 Hierarchical
 Multiple Inheritance only supported by using Interface

11/17/202 124
0
 Inheritance : Keywords

 Inherits
 Inherits keyword is used to inherit Class.
 MustInherit
 Indicate that Class must be inherited by other Class.
 It act as Base Class and similar to Abstract Class of Java.
 NonInheritable
 If class is marked NonInheritable, we can’t create its Sub Class
 MyBase
 Call parent Class Constructor and Parent Class Overridden Methods.
 It always refers the immediate Super Class.
 We can’t navigate to more than one level from the Child Class.
 MyBase.MethodName is not allowed in .NET

11/17/202 125
0
 Inheritance : Keywords

 Overloads
 Indicate that methods are Overloading.
 If Methods are in same class, no necessary to write this keyword.
 Overridable
 Allow method to be Overridden.
 Overrides keyword is used to override the Overridable Method.
 NotOverridable
 Prevent the method being Overridden.
 MustOverride
 Methods must be declared in MultiInherit Class.
 MustInherit
 Enable Abstract Class creation. Child Class must implement all Abstract
Methods, otherwise Child Class also must declared as Abstract Class.
11/17/202 126
0
 Inheritance : Example

 Example:

11/17/202 127
0
 Inheritance : Example

11/17/202 128
0
 Inheritance : Example

11/17/202 129
0
 Method Overriding

28-11-2014
11/17/202 ANKIT VERMA 130
0
 Method Overriding

 Sub Class is not only Inheriting but it can also give its
own implementation (override) for methods.
 All the methods can’t be Overridden.
 To allow methods to Overridden, Parent Class method
must use Overridable keyword.

11/17/202 131
0
 Method Overriding : Example

11/17/202 132
0
 Abstract
Base Class

28-11-2014
11/17/202 ANKIT VERMA 133
0
 Abstract Base Class

 MustInherit keyword is used to create Abstract Class.

 Contain Signature of method, that Derived Class can
implement in its own Class.
 We can’t create Object of it.
 Method with MustOverride keyword should not

contain any implementation.

 Class with even one MustOverride method, should be
declared as MustInherit.
 To implement method, Overrides keyword use in Sub
Class.
11/17/202 134
0
 Abstract Base Class

 If Sub Class is not implementing any one of Abstract

methods from Abstract Class, then Child Class must
be declared as Abstract one.
 Abstract Class can contain Non-Abstract Method also.

11/17/202 135
0
 Abstract Base Class : Example

 Example:

11/17/202 136
0
 Interface

28-11-2014
11/17/202 ANKIT VERMA 137
0
 Interface

 Interface defines Properties, Method and Events, called

members of Interface.
 Interface consist of only Declaration of Members but not
the Implementation.
 Only Class and Structure implement these data
members.
 Variables can’t be declared in the Interface.
 Single Class can inherit from only one Base Class, but
can implement any number of Interfaces.
 It support Multiple Inheritance.
 Implements keyword is used for their implementation.
11/17/202 138
0
 Interface Vs Class

 Interface can’t provide any implementation, whereas

Class can provide implementation to Methods.
 Interface can’t have Constructors, but Class can define
Constructors.
 A Class inherits from only one Class, but implements
multiple Interface.

11/17/202 139
0
 Interface : Example

 Example:

11/17/202 140
0