Power plant Engineering
Gas turbine power plant
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TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF THE
CYCLE AND NET WORK:
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Regenerator Gas Turbine
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Principle of Regenerator
The turbine exhaust temperature of a gas turbine is
normally well above the ambient temperature.
Accordingly, the hot turbine exhaust gas has a
potential for use (exergy) that would be irrevocably
lost were the gas discarded directly to the
surroundings. One way of utilizing this potential is by
means of a heat exchanger called a regenerator,
which allows the air exiting the compressor to be
preheated before entering the combustor, thereby
reducing the amount of fuel that must be burned in
the combustor.
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Regenerator Effectiveness
Temperature distributions in counterflow heat exchangers. (a) Actual.
(b) Reversible. 5
Regenerator Effectiveness
The regenerator effectiveness, is a parameter that
gauges the departure of an actual regenerator from
such an ideal regenerator. The regenerator
effectiveness is defined as the ratio of the actual
enthalpy increase of the air flowing through the
compressor side of the regenerator to the maximum
theoretical enthalpy increase
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As heat transfer approaches reversibility, hx approaches h4
and tends to unity (100%).
In practice, regenerator effectiveness values typically range
from 60 to 80%, and thus the temperature Tx of the air
exiting on the compressor side of the regenerator is
normally well below the turbine exhaust temperature. To
increase the effectiveness above this range would require
greater heat transfer area, resulting in equipment costs that
might cancel any advantage due to fuel savings. Moreover,
the greater heat transfer area that would be required for a
larger effectiveness can result in a significant frictional
pressure drop for flow through the regenerator, thereby
affecting overall performance. The decision to add a
regenerator is influenced by considerations such as these,
and the final decision is primarily an economic one.
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Example
Air enters the compressor of an ideal air-standard
Brayton cycle at 100 kPa, 300 K, with a mass flow rate
of 5.807 kg/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 10. The
turbine inlet temperature is 1400 K. A regenerator is
incorporated in the cycle (a) Determine the thermal
efficiency for a regenerator effectiveness of 80%.
Given values: h1=300.19 kj/kg; h2= 579.9; h3=1515.4;
h4=808.5
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Assumptions:
1. Each component is analyzed as a control volume at steady state. The control
volumes are shown on the accompanying
sketch by dashed lines.
2. The compressor and turbine processes are isentropic.
3. There are no pressure drops for flow through the heat exchangers.
4. The regenerator effectiveness is 80% in part (a).
5. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible.
6. The working
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Brayton cycle with reheater
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With
intercooling
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Brayton Cycle with Reheat and
Regeneration
1. Consider a modification of the cycle involving reheat
and regeneration. Air enters the compressor at 100 kPa,
300 K and is compressed to 1000 kPa. The temperature
at the inlet to the first turbine stage is 1400 K. The
expansion takes place isentropically in two stages, with
reheat to 1400 K between the stages at a constant
pressure of 300 kPa. A regenerator having an
effectiveness of 100% is also incorporated in the cycle.
Determine the thermal efficiency.
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Regenerative Gas Turbines with
Reheat and Intercooling
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Regenerative Gas Turbine with
Intercooling and Reheat
1. A regenerative gas turbine with intercooling and reheat
operates at steady state. Air enters the compressor at 100 kPa,
300 K with a mass flow rate of 5.807 kg/s. The pressure ratio
across the two-stage compressor is 10. The pressure ratio
across the two-stage turbine is also 10. The intercooler and
reheater each operate at 300 kPa. At the inlets to the turbine
stages, the temperature is 1400 K. The temperature at the inlet
to the second compressor stage is 300 K. The isentropic
efficiency of each compressor and turbine stage is 80%. The
regenerator effectiveness is 80%. Determine (a) the thermal
efficiency, (b) the back work ratio, (c) the net power
developed, in kW. 14
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Shalom!!
