LAB REPORT
BLOOD GROUPING TECHNIQUES
INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH
SUBMITTED TO
DR. NITAI KANTI DAS [NKD]
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY
SUBMITTED BY
GROUP - 03
SADIKA AHSAN SAIMA ID: 1721602030
ANAMUL HASAN ID: 1721690030
MORSHED RAIHAN JOY ID: 1731076030
MAHBUB ALAM SHAWON ID: 1812384030
MEHRAB JAMI AUMIT ID: 1812818030
BLOOD GROUPING TECHNIQUES 2
INTRODUCTION
Blood is a liquid connective tissue that carries out a wide range of functions in out body. RBCs
or red blood corpuscles constitute the major portion of blood. There are a number of antigens
present on the surface of the RBCs. Antigens are proteins present on the surface of the cell,
which induce the production of antibody, which are also protein, usually floating in the plasma.
Presence of these antigen and antibody determines out major blood groups, i.e. ABO and Rh
groups. Knowing one’s blood group is immensely important as it can save valuable time when
someone’s requires blood or when someone wants to donate blood.
APPARATUS AND REAGENTS
For determining the blood group, we need the following apparatus:
• Blood grouping test kit: This kit contains the following three antibodies
- Anti-A Antibody (Antibody against Antigen “A”)
- Anti-B Antibody (Antibody against Antigen “B”)
- Anti-D Antibody (Antibody against Antigen “A”)
• Lancet and Lancet drive
• Alcohol pad
• Glass slide
• Cotton strip (BandAid)
• Toothpick (for mixing blood and antibody)
PROCEDURE OR METHOD
1. The lancet was put in the lancet drive which was then set at “5”. After that, the covering tip
was removed from the lancet and it.
2. Necessary aseptic precaution was taken before pricking the finger for blood. First the finger
was cleaned with alcohol pad. After the finger had dried, the side of the finger was pricked
using the lancet drive, and three separate drops of blood was collected on the glass slide.
Dispose of the lancet appropriately.
3. Bleeding was stopped by pressing the alcohol pad against the finger. A BandAid (cotton
strip) was then applied to the finger.
PBH101L.22
BLOOD GROUPING TECHNIQUES 3
4. One drop of Anti-A Antibody, Anti-B Antibody and Anti-D Antibody was added exclusively
to each drop of blood on the glass slide. Special attention was paid to make sure that the tip
of the dropper does not touch the blood drops.
5. Using a toothpick, the blood drop and the antibody was mixed properly. After mixing the
glass slide was shaken slowly to determine if clumping has taken place in any of the blood
drops.
FINDING OR OBSERVATION
Clumping ——— Antigen - Antibody reaction ——— Corresponding Antigen is present.
Clumping ——— Antigen - Antibody reaction ——— Corresponding Antigen is NOT present.
In our observation we found that,
Reagent →
Blood group A - Antibody B - Antibody D - Antibody
↓
A - Positive
A - Negative
B - Positive
B - Negative
O - Positive
O - Negative
AB - Positive
AB - Negative
PBH101L.22
BLOOD GROUPING TECHNIQUES 4
INTERPRETATION OF THE FINDINGS
Reagent →
Blood group A - Antibody B - Antibody D - Antibody
↓
A - Positive
A - Negative
B - Positive
B - Negative
O - Positive
O - Negative
AB - Positive
AB - Negative
From this diagram we can say, A- Positive blood has A- antigen and D- antigen. There has no B-
antigen. In A- Negative blood there has only A- antigen in , but there has no B- antigen and D-
antigen. B- Positive blood there has no A- antigen, but there has B- antigen and also D- antigen.
B- Negative blood there has no A- antigen and D- antigen. However, there has only B- antigen.
In O- Positive blood there has no A- antigen and B- antigen, but there has D- antigen. In O-
Negative blood there has no A- antigen, B- antigen and D- antigen. In AB- Positive blood there
have 3 antigen which is A- antigen, B- antigen and D- antigen. In AB- Negative blood there has
A- antigen and B- antigen. There has no D- antigen.
CONCLUSION
Through this experiment we know that, O- negative are called universal Cell (RBC) donor,
where as AB- Positive are called Universal Plasma Donor. Also AB blood types are called
Universal Recipient. Blood transfusion must match a patient’s blood type. If blood group are not
match it can lead to mismatched blood transfusion reaction. For mismatched blood transfusion
reaction patient may suffer through nausea, fever, chills, chest and lower back pain, and dark
urine and kidney damage.
PBH101L.22
