Artificial Intelligence Practical-3

Aim: To study Artificial Intelligence Language Prolog using “SWI Prolog”.

1. Write simple fact for following:

a. Ram likes mango.

Code:
likes(ram,mango).

likes(bill,candy).

girl(seema).

red(rose).

owns(john,gold).

Output:

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)
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Output:

2. Write predicates one converts Celsius temperatures to Fahrenheit, the other checks if the
temperature is below freezing.

Code:

c_to_f(C,F):-
F is C*9/5+32.
freezing(F):- F=<32,
write("It's freezing").
freezing(F):- write("It's not
freezing").

Output:

3. Write Prolog clauses to check whether a given line segment is horizontal, vertical or oblique.

Code:

vertical(seg(point(X,Y),point(X,Y1))).
horizontal(seg(point(_,Y),point(_,Y))).
oblique(seg(point(X1,Y1),point(X2,Y2))):-
X1\==X2, Y1\==Y2.

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)
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Output:

4. Write a program to implement to print factorial, Fibonacci of a given number.

Fibonacci_Code:

fib(X,Y):- X>0, fib(X,

fib(X,Y1,Y2):-
X>0, X1 is X -
1,
fib(X1,Y2,Y3),
Y1 is Y2 + Y3, write(Y1),nl. fib(0,1,0).

Factorial_Code:

fact(N,F):- N>0,
N1 is n-1,
fact(N1,F1), F is
N* F1. fact(0,1).

Factorial_Output:

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)
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Output:

Fibonacci _Output:

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)
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5. Write a Prolog program to formulate rules to capture the following relationships for following
family tree.

Code:

mother(X,Y):-parent(X,Y),female(X). father(X,Y):parent(X,Y),male(X).
haschild(X):-parent(X,_).
sister(X,Y):parent(Z,X),paarent(Z,Y),female(X),X\==Y.
brother(X,Y):parent(Z,X),paarent(Z,Y),male(X),X\==Y.

grandparent(X,Y):-parent(X,Z),parent(Z,Y).

grandmother(X,Z):-mother(X,Y),parent(Y,Z).
grandfather(X,Z):father(X,Y),parent(Y,Z).
wife(X,Y):parent(X,Z),parent(Y,Z),female(X),male(Y).
uncle(X,Z):-brother(X,Y),parent(Y,Z).

predecessor(X,Z):-parent(X,Z).
predecessor(X,Z):-parent(X,Y),predecessor(Y,Z).

female(kdt). female(kgt).
female(rgc). female(rjt).

male(adt). male(tgt).
male(ygc). male(jgt).

parent(kdt,tgt). parent(ygc,tgt).
parent(ygc,kgt).

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)
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Output:

parent(tgt,rjt). parent(tgt,rgc).
parent(rgc,adt). parent(tgt,jgt).
parent(jgt,peter).

6. Write a program to solve the following problem. Imagine a room containing a monkey, chair
and some bananas. That has been hung from the centre of the ceiling. If the monkey is clever
enough he can reach the bananas by placing the chair directly below the bananas and climb on
the chair. The problem is to prove the monkey can reach the bananas. The monkey wants it, but
cannot jump high enough from the floor. At the window of the room there is a box that the
monkey can use.

Code:

in_room(bananas).
in_room(chair).

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)
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in_room(monkey).
dexterous(monkey). tall(chair).
can_move(monkey,chair,bananas).
can_climb(monkey,chair).
can_reach(X,Y):-
dexterous(X),vclose(X,Y).
vclose(X,Z):- get_on(X,Y),
under(Y,Z), tall(Y).

get_on(X,Y):-
can_climb(X,Y).
under(Y,Z):- in_room(X), in_room(Y),
in_room(Z), can_move(X,Y,Z).

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)
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Output:

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)
Artificial Intelligence Practical-3

7. Write a program for search, concatenate, insert and remove function of lists.

Code:

/*search an element */

disp([H|T]):- write("Enter element to search

T=[], writef("%t is not a member of

/*to add an element */

add(X,L,[X|L]).

/*concatination*/

concate([H1|T1],L2,[H1|T2]):- concate(T1,L2,T2).
concate([],L2,L2).

/*delete element from list */

de(H,[H],[]). de(X,[X|T1],T1).
de(X,[H|T],[H|T1]):-
de(X,T,T1). de(X,[_],_):-

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)
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Output:

writef("Element %t not
found",[X]).

8. Write a program in prolog for medical diagnosis.

Code:

go :-
write('What is the patient''s name? '), read(Patient),
hypothesis(Patient,Disease),
write_list([Patient,'probably has ',Disease,'.']),nl.

go :- write('Sorry, I don''t seem to be able

symptom(Patient,fever) :-
write_list(['Does ',Patient,' have a fever (y/n) ?']),
response(Reply), Reply='y'.

symptom(Patient,rash) :-
write_list(['Does ',Patient,' have a rash (y/n) ?']),
response(Reply), Reply='y'.

symptom(Patient,headache) :-
write_list(['Does ',Patient,' have a headache (y/n) ?']),
response(Reply), Reply='y'.
symptom(Patient,runny_nose) :-
write_list(['Does ',Patient,' have a runny_nose (y/n) ?']),

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)
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response(Reply), Reply='y'.

symptom(Patient,conjunctivitis) :-
write_list(['Does ',Patient,' have a conjunctivitis (y/n) ?']),
response(Reply), Reply='y'.

symptom(Patient,cough) :-
write_list(['Does ',Patient,' have a cough (y/n) ?']),
response(Reply), Reply='y'.

symptom(Patient,body_ache) :-
write_list(['Does ',Patient,' have a body_ache (y/n) ?']),
response(Reply), Reply='y'.

symptom(Patient,chills) :-
write_list(['Does ',Patient,' have a chills (y/n) ?']),
response(Reply), Reply='y'.

symptom(Patient,sore_throat) :-
write_list(['Does ',Patient,' have a sore_throat (y/n) ?']),
response(Reply), Reply='y'.

symptom(Patient,sneezing) :-
write_list(['Does ',Patient,' have a sneezing (y/n) ?']),
response(Reply), Reply='y'.

symptom(Patient,swollen_glands) :- write_list(['Does
',Patient,' have a swollen_glands (y/n) ?']),
response(Reply), Reply='y'.

hypothesis(Patient,measles) :-
symptom(Patient,fever), symptom(Patient,cough),
symptom(Patient,conjunctivitis),

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)
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symptom(Patient,runny_nose),
symptom(Patient,rash).

hypothesis(Patient,german_measles) :-
symptom(Patient,fever),
symptom(Patient,headache),
symptom(Patient,runny_nose),
symptom(Patient,rash).

hypothesis(Patient,flu) :-
symptom(Patient,fever),
symptom(Patient,headache),
symptom(Patient,body_ache),
symptom(Patient,conjunctivitis),
symptom(Patient,chills),
symptom(Patient,sore_throat),
symptom(Patient,runny_nose),
symptom(Patient,cough).

hypothesis(Patient,common_cold) :-
symptom(Patient,headache),
symptom(Patient,sneezing),
symptom(Patient,sore_throat),
symptom(Patient,runny_nose),
symptom(Patient,chills).

hypothesis(Patient,mumps) :-
symptom(Patient,fever),
symptom(Patient,swollen_glands).

hypothesis(Patient,chicken_pox) :-
symptom(Patient,fever),
symptom(Patient,chills),
symptom(Patient,body_ache),
symptom(Patient,rash).

hypothesis(Patient,measles) :-
symptom(Patient,cough),
symptom(Patient,sneezing),
symptom(Patient,runny_nose).

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)
Artificial Intelligence Practical-3

write_list([]). write_list([Term| Terms]) :-

response(Reply) :-
get_single_char(Code),
put_code(Code), nl, char_code(Reply,
Code).

Output:

Devanshi Parejiya(17012021005)