1

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND A REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Cranes do play the most dynamic task in the fabricating

industries. It adheres to what usually served to us while being blinded

by its standard that we fail to spot what used as a solution. In which it

involves a module, which is a Hydraulic jack and a motor that the

researchers considered as one of the pedestals controlling the study

of Hydraulic Crane.

The importance of cranes in building and structural engineering

works have developed for all framework of material handling jobs in

fabricating industries. Many different varieties of crane exist.

According to a document of Control Engineering practice, in the

context of additional automation of fabricating processes,

mechanization of heavy-weight using cranes become more and more

significant.
 2

Related Readings

According to the Philippine Mechanical Engineering act of

1998, section 2: The state recognized the importance of Mechanical

Engineers in Nation-Building and Development. The talents of a

mechanical engineers though sustainable human development shall

be recognized accordingly. As a future mechanical engineer, the

proponents would want to do something to enhance and improve the

performance of a moving equipment inside a workplace that will

lighten the job of the workers and will reduce the workforce. It will

help the workers inside the working area lift heavy objects. Also, the

proponents would like to lessen the probability of using much bigger

cranes, because space might be a limiting factor to its use, which

makes the portability nature of this project is a great advantage. And

also, the simplicity of this project reduces cost of labor because it did

not require any particular skill when it operated.

 3

Related Literature

A hydraulic floor crane is a type of machine used to lift less

weight or heavyweight products, devices, work pieces, etc. It is

essential for load-carrying activities considering that it saves energy

and fast work output. The principle of operations for this hydraulic

floor crane is the same with a manual hydraulic jack, instead, it is

using a motor drive to drive a hydraulic pump to lift its rod or shaft.

According to the department of mechanical engineering Bharat

University by assistant professor Manavalan S. Anmopultry, based on

the literature survey the realization of this hydraulic floor crane should

be found on the design and fabrication of steel structures and other

auxiliaries or accessories necessary for the completion of this crane.

To be operational, it needs the following, fabrication of

steelwork design of its crane and mobile floor crane for lifting and

transporting of loads. Power transmission drives using chain and

sprockets and other support steel structural. From the cranes used in

the workshop and structural engineering works by Broughton &

Thomas Geoffrey. Cranes have been developed for all cadre of

material handling jobs in the manufacturing and service industries.

 4

Previously for load-carrying mechanical equipment, a Power

screw crane is being used. A power screw is a mechanical

component that is used to convert rotary motion into linear motion or

sometimes called the translation screw. Power screw is one of the

most six classical simple machines which uses a buttress thread and

which is both a combination of acme thread and a square thread.

Instead of lifting manually, mechanical operated lifting power

screw crane will develop to relieve humans from excessive usage of

its strength. According to Vallance and Doughtie, a mechanically

operated power screw crane is the simple design for carrying axial

load during a turning moment.

Efficiency wise with appropriate specifications of materials for

its screws, then it is safe and reliable to use a power screw crane

design for load-carrying axial weights. However, with the technology

change mechanical load-carrying design equipment was upgraded to

a more efficient, reliable, and safe to operate hydraulic cranes.

 5

Related Studies

From the records of the Department Labor Occupational of

head and safety standards, according to Engineer Emmanuel Dela

Cruz, Sr. Leo Dole Region 8; accidents and injuries attributed to

unsafe and improper lifting of heavy loads increase by thirty percent.

Reports of major and minor injuries did not only occurred on industrial

companies but also in schools during engineering laboratories lifting

and transporting heavy instruments and tools due to lack of

orientations and training for proper lifting and transport based on the

ISO International safety standards.

From the Philippine Society Mechanical Engineers (PSME)

code and standards 1992 editions headed by Antonio R. Herrera as

chairman of the board and its technical committee members cranes

other hoisting equipment operational safety standards were strictly

implemented to prevent further injuries and loose of lives. Mechanical

Power screw and hydraulic floor crane were reinvented and modified

to handle such load-carrying outside the human strength for

immediate implementations industrial companies and in schools.

 6

Individuals, companies, or groups that are intending to use

cranes, either stationary or mobile, were instructed to submit to the

DOLE safety divisions its operations and maintenance procedures

based on ISO International standards for inspection and approval

prior to operations in the field of actual practice. Continuous

orientations, training, and information drive where religiously

implemented for accident-free working area.

From these studies reported accidents in the workplace to the

DOLE safety office were minimal.

 7

Synthesis and Justification

The researchers proposed a project that can help to easily lift

and transfer heavyweight equipment, machines, work pieces, etc.,

particular in a machine shop. This machine has its best advantages

compared to other material handling machines. It is strong, robust,

less maintenance, simple in construction, study and built to very

standard with low cost. These cranes are maneuverable loading,

unloading, and shifting of heavy load.

This project composed of a base, hydraulic jack, levers,

momentary switch, crane arm and hooks, battery, chain and

sprockets, and motor starter. Similar to some previous studies for

hydraulic floor crane, the machine uses hydraulic jack as the main

source for lifting using the force created by the pressure inside the

cylinder.

The manual operation for the hydraulic jack for this hydraulic

floor crane is no longer required. It is a motor-operated jack to raised

and retracting the hydraulic cylinder that makes it different compared

to previews studies. This feature can help to minimize the time of

work and it is very convenient.

 8

Theoretical Framework

Lifting heavy objects that exceed the maximum lifting capacity

of human strength is a major concern of today due to the continuous

growth of modern equipment or machine shop equipment. Lifting too

much weight using a bare hand is a high risk to a human body. Safety

rules and guidelines in shop practices specifically in lifting heavy

objects is necessary to prevent accidents at work. Without the

presence of any lifting equipment in a machine shop especially when

transferring machines or re-blocking the design of the shop can go

through difficulties in doing the job and can truly affect your time

management.

There are several events and lists of painful injuries caused by

lifting or carrying too much weight. One of the common injuries that

may occur when improperly lifting heavy objects is tearing or straining

of the lower back muscles. Accidents due to lifting is a serious thing

as it affects the human body that may be headed to a lifetime

sickness.
 9

Conceptual Framework

The proponents came up with an idea to design and fabricate a

hydraulic floor crane to enhance the purpose of handling/lifting heavy

material. This equipment uses hydraulic jacks as the source for lifting

which is placed under the crane arm. The vertical lift of the arm is

based on the stroke of the hydraulic jack. As shown in figure 1, the

battery is used to power the motor to rotate and drives the chain

mechanism. The chain and sprocket mechanism is then connected to

the lever of the hydraulic jack and pump as the motor start.

Gear Drives chain and sprocket connected with a lever.

Gear Drives chain

Cordless
and sprocket
Hand Drill
connected with
lever

Hydraulic Jack
Connected to the Lever Pump
arm and lift heavy the Hydraulic
material Jack
 10

Figure 1: Design Mechanism

Statement of the Problem (General and Specific)

The main purpose of this is to design and fabricate a Motorized

Hydraulic Floor Crane.

Specifically, this study will address the following:

1. Proposed an innovation for the study Motorized Hydraulic

Floor Crane;

2. Determine the advantages of using bigger plastic caster

wheel for the machine;

3. Know the carrying capacity of this hydraulic floor crane;

4. Compute the counterweight to be used for a given load;

5. Evaluate the used of motor for the project;

6. Determine the factor of safety of the machine;

7. To see the advantages and disadvantages of using a

hydraulic jack as a mechanism for lifting heavy object.

 11

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to gains a dominant relevance in

engineering workshops for carrying of heavy material, and how

convenient it is to use compared to the conventional floor crane, thus,

will be benefited by the following:

Engineering students. They are one of the beneficiaries of the

study. The students, labor will be reduced in terms of transporting

heavy materials or machines for their projects.

Machinists. For the installation of the new machine, where it is

used in proper positioning of the machine. It assists also in handling

engines and their parts.

Future Researchers. Whoever wishes to continue this study

can use this a reference, but to the extent that they will put credits to

the researchers of this study.

 12

Scope and Limitations

The project is proposed for the purpose to provide a better

option in lifting or handling heavy materials. This minimizes and

reduces workers' risk through lifting.

The project will be implemented in all engineering works concerning

lifting an object. In determining the limitation of the project, gathering

necessary data will be done the researchers by letting a certain

number of people answer a survey.

The motor power can only be used up to 180 kg, manual operation in

for 180 kg up to the maximum limit capacity. The counterweight is

required when lifting 270 kg and up to the maximum load limit.

The project is limited to the actual data and records gathered

and thereof be evaluated for further improvements and

recommendations of the proposed machine.

 13

Chapter 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The design of the machine was made with the aid of CAD

(Sketch up) showing the different views of the structure in detail on

which the mechanism was done.

Isometric View

Figure 2: Full 3D View of the study

Interior View
 14

Figure 3: Exploded view of the study

Figure 4: Right Side view of the study

Figure 5: Front View of the study

 15

Research Setting

The study is to be conducted at the University of Cebu Main

Campus as shown in Figure 2. The University of Cebu is considered

as one of the Educational Institutions in Cebu City, Philippines

founded in 1964, offering preschool, grade school, junior & senior

high school, undergraduate degrees, and post-graduate degrees.

Figure 6: Location of the Study

A group of young men headed by Lawyer Augusto W. Go,

Formed an alliance and set up an educational institution of what was

then called Cebu College of Commerce, then later renamed Cebu

Central Colleges (CCC). Starting with a handful of enrollees, the

college was established on April 1, 1964. It grew over time and

 16

became the University of Cebu. Its Philanthropic mantra has been

"No tuition fee increase."

Respondents of the Study

The students which include the panel, adviser and the chairman

of the Mechanical Engineering Department, the dean of the College

of Engineering and instructor from the Engineering Department will

have to validate the project based on the accuracy on the given topic.

Data Gathering Procedures

The first step before the testing proper was to purchase the

materials from different shops. After making the model, the

researchers will build the prototype. In manufacturing, the hydraulic

floor crane has 6 main parts. They are base, hydraulic jack, hand drill,

chain, sprocket, horizontal arm. Metal cutting is done to the right and

exact measurements as required in the prototype. Using a power

hack saw and cutter that has a single-point cutting tool. The

measurement is marked and then metal cutting operation begins. The

installment of the hydraulic jack together with the chain, sprocket, and
 17

the hand drill. The installment of these mechanisms is very important

for the crane will function correct,

Researchers shall conduct the study within the premises of the

University of Cebu Main Campus among the mechanical engineering

students.
 18

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Bearing Capacity - is the capacity of soil to support the loads

applied to the ground.

Chain - is a serial assembly of connected pieces, called links,

typically made of metal, with an overall character similar to that of a

rope in that it is flexible and curved in compression but linear, rigid,

and load-bearing in tension.

Corrosion - is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a

more chemically-stable form such as oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide.

Crane - industrial machinery for lifting.

Crankshaft - is a shaft driven by a crank mechanism, consisting of a

series of cranks and crankpins to which the connecting rods of an

engine is attached

Hook - is a tool consisting of a length of material, typically metal, that

contains a portion that is curved or indented, such that it can be used

to grab onto, connect, or otherwise attach itself onto another object

 19

Hub - is the central part of a wheel that connects the axle to the

wheel itself.

Hydraulic jack - the hydraulic ram emerges from the body vertically

by hydraulic pressure provided by a pump either on the baseplate or

at a remote location via a pressure hose. With a single action piston

to lift range is somewhat limited.

Momentary Switch - simply button is a simple switch mechanism for

controlling some aspect of a machine or a process.

Motorized – to equip with a motor

Rigidity - the property of a solid body to resist deformation.

Sprocket - is a profiled wheel with teeth, or cogs, that mesh with a

chain, track or other perforated or indented material.

 20

CHAPTER 3: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter discusses the detailed findings consistent with the

specific problems such as material, the process of fabrication, and

technical testing. The findings are implications lifted from the

theoretical background. These include the parenthetical citation.

The sequence of the table is congruent with the sequence of the

specific problems.

Materials

The materials that are used in fabricating the project are

sprocket, 10 tons Hydraulic Jack, chain, caster wheel, square tube,

steel plate, wire ropes, stud bolt, and 32 Volts chargeable hand drill.

The hydraulic jack is used as the source of strength for lifting

and the hand drill is used as the driving motor to pump the lever arm

of the hydraulic jack.

 21

Process of Fabrication

Firstly, construct the frame/body including the arm of the crane using

a square tube that is appropriate to withstand heavy weight during

lifting. Secondly, install the hydraulic jack mounting to the arm of the

crane. Thirdly, install the chain and sprocket mechanism and connect

it to the lever of the hydraulic jack. Drive the chargeable hand drill to

the shaft of the sprocket. Lastly, hang the wire ropes on the crane

arm and tight it using wire clamp enough to hold heavyweights.

Advantages and Disadvantages

The advantages of motorized hydraulic floor crane serve as the

best way of lifting heavy object compared to the traditional way of

lifting in which human strength is necessary. It can move in any

places due to the movable features to satisfy its usage. It can lift

heavy object with less effort and can be operated by a manual

pumping of the hydraulic jack in case of motor failure. There are

some disadvantages of this motorized hydraulic floor crane in which

the objects that is to be lift is measurably enough with space of the

base length of the crane.

 22

Table 3: Load Lifted based on trials

Trial Type of Net weight Result

Machine
1 Power
(motor Hacksaw 90 Kg Passed
pumping)
2 Bending
(manual Machine 320 Kg Passed
pumping)

Based on table 3, as a result of the trial, the power capacity of

the motor is not enough to pump the hydraulic jack with a weight

exceeds 180 kg. Manual pumping is necessary when lifting 180 kg

and beyond and not exceed to load capacity of the crane. To attain

efficiency of the machine, DC motors will not be considered anymore

to power the hydraulic jack.

The following are the reasons:

1. Efficiency to be considered

2. Bigger power for motors are needed for bigger loads

3. Since bigger loads need more power in lifting, power source for

the motor will be drained immediately.

4. Manual pumping will just use man effort in lifting

 23

Table 4: Movability of the crane

Trial Type of Net weight Movable (Yes

Machine or No?)
1 Power
(manual Hacksaw 90 Kg Yes
pumping)
2 Bending
(manual Machine 320 Kg Yes
pumping)

Based on the table 4, the changing of the wheels made the

Mobile Floor Crane movable even the load lifted is big. An individual

plastic caster has a capacity of load to be carried. A 5 inch wheel

caster has a load capacity of 150 kg. With six (6) plastic caster, a

total load of 900 kg can be lifted by the machine.

Computation of Counterweight and Factor of Safety

 24

Figure 7: Free body diagram of the Hydraulic Floor Crane

Using the moment computation for loads, and based on ∑Mz = 0 at

Point Rc, and ∑Fx = 0, we have an equation

WL(Ld) + WM(dm/2) + WB(db) + WC (dc/2)+ W1(d1/2) + W2(d2/2) =

Ra(dRa) + Rb(dRb) + Rc(dRc) ----- formula 1

For W : Mild Steel, 50 X 50 X 5MM (SHS) SQUARE STEEL

HOLLOW SECTION – weight per length = 6.97 kg/m

WM = 6.97 kg/m ( 1.5 m ) = 10.5 kg

 25

REFERENCES

[1] International Journal of Engineering Research and Science and

Technology. Vol. 3, No. 3, 2014

[2] Sumaila M and Ibhadode A O A. ,“Design and Manufacture of a

30 ton Hydraulic Press”, I. J. T, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2011

[3] J.O Oyejide “Design and Fabrication of a Single Acting Hydraulic

Crane.” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-

JMCE), Vol. 15, no.3, 2018

[4] Thompson Geoffrey, “Best Practice of Crane Support Structures

Design – An Expert Survey”, p. 2, A Master’s of Science of

Engineering Degree of University of Stellenbosch, Germany, 2011

[5] Greiner H G (1967), Whiting Crane Handbook, p. 6, Whiting

corporation, Harvey Illinois
[6] Sawodny O. Aschemann H and Lahres S (2002), “An automated
Gantry Crane as a Large Workplace Robot”, control Engineering
practice,” I. J. T. Vol. 14, NO. 3.pp. 196-197
 26

[7] Venton Levy Doughtie and Alex Valliance (1973) “Design of

Machine Members 4th edition / international students edition. pp. 91-
98
[8] Arun Kumar N. Srinivasan V. Krishna Krimar analyzing the
strength of unidirectional fibre orientations under transverse static
load. International sound of applied Engineering Research v. a, i-22.
Pp-7749-7754, 2014
[9] Raja Kumar G. Achudhan M., Srinivisan Rao G. studies on
corrosion behaviour of borated stainless steel welds (304B).
International Journal of applied Engineering Research v.a i-22 pp-
7767-7772, 2014
[10] Swaminathan N. Sachitanandam P. J. Risk assessment in
construction project. International project of applied Engineering
Research v.9 i-22 pp. 5552-5557 (2015)
[11]   New world encyclopedia “Crane (machine)” found
www.newworldencyclopedia/entery/crane (machine).
[12]  Budynas-Nesbett. “Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design”,
8th edition, McGraw Hill companies, 2008.
[13]   Meriam, “Engineering Mechanics and Statics”, 5 th edition,
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC 2000.
[14]   “Strength Of Material”, 2 nd, edition, D. VAN NOSTRAND
COMPANY, INC, 1940
[15]   Joseph E. Shigley and Charles R. Mischke. “Standard hand
book of machne design” 2nd edition, 1996.
[16] David H. Myszke. “Machines and mechanisms; applied
kimamatics” university of Dayton, 1999.
[17]   John Wiley & Sons. “Strength Of Material And Structure”,
4th edition, ARNOLD co- publisher in North, central, and south
America, New York, Toronto.
[18]   Ferdinand P. Beer, et al. “Mechanics of materials”texas Tech
University, 2006.
 27

[19]   Vitor dias da silva. “Mechanics and streingth of materials”

university of Coimbra, 2006.

APPENDICES
Appendix A

Transmittal letters

February 03, 2020

Engr. Greg R. Belongilot

Dean, Allied Engineering Department
University of Cebu – Main Campus

Dear Sir,

Good Day!

I am Ianwill Tanilon a fifth year student taking up Bachelor of

Science in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Cebu - Main
Campus. I am currently writing my project study entitled “MOTORIZED
HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE” which will be part of the final requirements
in order for us to finish our degree.

In line with this, I would like to ask permission to use the Mechanical
Engineering Laboratory tools and equipment in accomplishing our study.

I am looking forward to your favorable and immediate response on this

matter.

Thank you!

Sincerely yours,
 28

Ianwill Tanilon
RESEARCHER

Noted by:

Engr. Orlene B. Balungkas Engr. Rodel Naval Engr. Greg R. Belongilot

ADVISER CHAIRMAN DEAN
Appendix B

GANTT CHART
 29

Appendix C

BILL OF MATERIALS

Seq. no. Item Supplier Quantity Amount

Description
1 Hydraulic Jack Yutek 1 2000
2 Hand Drill Yutek 1 3200
3 Chain Yutek 1 55
Motion Bike
4 Sprocket 3 460
Concepts
Motion Bike
5 Hub 1 280
Concepts
6 Welding Rod Yutek 10kls 1300

7 Caster wheel Handyman 10pcs 2440

8 Square tube Yutek 40FT 5208

Cutting Disk and

9 Yutek 15pcs 2050
Grinding Disk

10 Hook Handyman 2 392

11 Steel plate Yutek 2(10” x 7”) 700

10 (5” x
12 Steel plate yutek 1050
4”)
Cable Clip and Cebu Bolt &
13 22pcs 278
Screw Bolt Screw
 30

14 Wire Ropes Handyman 15ft 345

15 BI Pipe YKG Industrial 2pcs 175

16 Stud bolt Cebu Bolt & 2pcs 240

Screw

TOTAL 21057.00