DESIGN REPORT

DESIN OF A SCRUBBER
 Scrubber Design

Introduction

A scrubber is an industrial vessel helps to remove air contamination. It is a control gadget that

can be utilized to evacuate a few particulates or potentially gases from modern fumes streams.

The principal air scrubber was intended to expel carbon dioxide from the air. Customarily, the

expression "scrubber" has alluded to contamination control gadgets that utilization fluid to wash

undesirable poisons from a gas stream. As of late, the term has likewise been utilized to depict

frameworks that infuse a dry reagent or slurry into a filthy fumes stream to "wash out" corrosive

gases. Scrubbers are one of the essential gadgets that control vaporous outflows, particularly

corrosive gases. Scrubbers can likewise be utilized for warmth recuperation from hot gases by

vent gas buildup. They are additionally utilized for the high streams in sun-based, PV, or LED

procedures (Joseph and Beachler, 1998).

Types of Scrubber

1. A Wet Scrubber is utilized for cleaning air, fuel gas or different gases of different toxins and

residue particles. Wet scouring works through the contact of target mixes or particulate issue

with the cleaning arrangement. Arrangements may basically be water (for residue) or

arrangements of reagents that explicitly focus on specific mixes. Wet scrubbers may build the

extent of water in the gas, bringing about an obvious stack crest, if the gas is sent to a stack. Wet

scrubbers can likewise be utilized for warmth recuperation from hot gases by pipe gas buildup.

In this mode, named a gathering scrubber, water from the scrubber channel is circled through a

cooler to the spouts at the highest point

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of the scrubber. The hot gas enters the scrubber at the base. On the off chance that the gas

temperature is over the water dew point, it is at first cooled by the vanishing of water drops

(Mussatti and Hemmer, 2002).

2. A Dry or Semi-Dry Scrubber, in contrast to the wet scrubber, does not soak the vent gas

stream that is being treated with dampness. Now and again, no dampness is included, while in

others just the measure of dampness that can be vanished in the vent gas without consolidating is

included. In this way, dry scrubbers, by and large, don't have a stack steam crest or wastewater

taking care of/transfer necessities. Dry cleaning frameworks are utilized to evacuate corrosive

gases, (for example, SO2 and HCl) principally from burning sources. There are various dry sort

cleaning framework plans. Be that as it may, all comprise of two principle areas or gadgets: a

gadget to present the corrosive gas sorbent material into the gas stream and a particulate issue

control gadget to expel response items, abundance sorbent material just as any particulate issue

as of now in the pipe gas. Dry cleaning frameworks can be arranged as dry sorbent injectors

(DSIs) or as splash dryer safeguards (SDAs). Splash dryer safeguards are additionally called

semi-dry scrubbers or shower dryers. Dry scouring frameworks are frequently utilized for the

expulsion of rotten and destructive gases from wastewater treatment plant tasks (Smith, 2003).

Design Approach

In performing an assessment of a scrubber system, particularly from an administrative viewpoint,

the serious issue is whether the proposed plan will accomplish the required molecule and

additionally gas expulsion efficiencies. Notwithstanding tending to this fundamental issue, there

is additionally the point of how adequately the proposed structure will work.

There are three essential ways to deal with assessing the capacity of a scouring framework:

(1) observational connections dependent on verifiable test information on comparable scrubbers,

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(2) hypothetical models dependent on fundamental building standards and

(3) pilot-scale test information.

A scrubber designer approaches every one of the three when structuring a design framework. A

Scrubber Design Factors In request to legitimately plan a scrubber, the designer must acquire

however much data as could be expected concerning the attributes of the pipe gas stream to be

dealt with. This data must be gotten or evaluated for both the normal and most extreme ranges

that will happen. Scouring frameworks must almost certainly work successfully at both the

typical everyday conditions just as to suit any most extreme reaches (Kashdan, Ranade and

Harmon, 1982).

Design

Water SO2 Free Gases

20 – 30 ⁰C

S-101

2” Raschig Rings

Water with SO2

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Design Algorithm

Figure 1: Design Sequence of Scrubber System (Smith, 2003)

Design Steps

 Flowrates and Compositions

 Separation Component

 Selection of Absorbent

 Packing Selection

 Selection of Column

 Pressure Drop Calculations

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  Calculation of Column Diameter

 Calculation of N

 Calculation Of HETP

 Calculation of Height (Sah, 2010)

Calculations

x2 = 0 which shows that X2 = 0

x1 = ? which shows that X1 = ?

0.4
y1 = 0.4 so, Y1 = =0.6667
1−0.4

0.001
y2 = 0.001 So, Y2 = =0.001
1−0.001

Applying Mass Balance:

Ls ( X 1 −X 2 )=G s (Y 1−Y 2 )

With the help of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium data, we get x 1 min from y 1

x 1 min=0.202

0.202
X1= =0.2531
1−0.202

L's min ( X 1−X 2) =( Y 1−Y 2) G s

m3
G s =0.2
s

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L's min ( 0.2531−0 )= ( 0.6667−0.001 ) 0.2

L's min =0.526 m 3 /s

' m3
Ls =1.2 L s min =0.6312
s

Now,

Density of Water at 20⁰C and 1 atm is 997 kg/m3

Ls =629 kg/ s

Now, X1 becomes:

X 1 =0.21093

X1
x 1= =0.1741
1+ X 1

Design Calculations

Flowrate of Entering Gas = Gs = 2.0 m3/s

Flowrate of Absorbent added = LS = 0.6312 m3/s

Temperature of the Scrubber = 20oC = 293 K

L¿W ρV
Now, calculating the Flow factor = F LV = ¿
VW √ ρL
= 0.01

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Estimating ΔP through Kister and Gill Empirical co-relation: ∆ P=0.115 F 0.7
P

Where,

FP is called a “Packing factor” available in Literature for all type of Packing Elements (Seader,

Henley and Roper, 1998).

From Table, FP = 65 ft-1 = 213.2 m-1

Now, (ΔP) = 4.91 inch of H2O/ft = 38.01 mm of H2O/m of packing height

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Determining the value of K4 from the Graph to calculate Area of the Column using superficial

gas flowrate V*w.

Now,

K4 ≈ 3.8

We Know that,

So, assuming 1m3 = 1 kg

Vw = 4.081152 kg/m2.s

&

Vw = 9.28369 kg/s

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We can now evaluate the Area of Column as:

Area Of Column = A = ( V*w / Vw ) = 9.28369 / 2.0 = 4.6 m2

Now,

Tower Dia = D = ( 4 × A / π )1/2

D = 2.4 m

The Height of the Column can be calculated using a relation:

Z = HETP ( N )

Where,

HETP = Height equivalent to a theoretical stage.

N = Number of Theoretical stages required.

HETP can be determined using a Thumb Rule mentioned in Timmerhaus edition fifth.

HETP = D0.3 For Absorption Column with D > 0.5

HETP = D0.3 = ( 2.4 ) 0.3 = 1.3

From the Graphical representation of this data, we obtained an equation:

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 y = 0.0002 x

A is called the ‘Absorption factor’ and can be obtained by :

A=L/KV

Where,

K is the slope of Equilibrium line.

K = 0.0002

&

A = 1315

Now,

N = 8

And ultimately,

Height of the Column = Z = 1.3 × 8

Z = 10.4 m

Allowance for liquid distribution = 1.2 m

Hence,

Total height of the Column = 11.6 ≈ 12 m (Seader, Henley and Roper, 1998)

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 SPECIFICATION SHEET
Identification
Item Scrubber
Item number S-101
Type Packed bed Scrubber
Function
Scrubbing of Sulfur Dioxide from gaseous mixture
Design Specification
0.37 kPa/m of
Operation Continuous Total Pressure Drop
packing
Operating
20 OC Operating Pressure 1 atm
Temperature
Number of Height Equivalent to
8 1.3
Theoretical Stages Stages (HETP)
Column Diameter 2.4 m Column Length 12 m

Solute SO2 Solvent Water

Packing Specification

Type of Packing Raschig Rings Material of Packing Ceramic

Arrangement of Simple grid &

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References

 Joseph, G. and Beachler, D. (1998) Scrubber Systems Operation Review-Self-

Instructional Manual. Second. Edited by N. Tusa. Carolina, USA: Environmental

Programs-Instructional Designer.

 Kashdan, E. R., Ranade, M. B. and Harmon, D. L. (1982) ‘Design Guideline for an

Optimum Scrubber System’, Environmental International, 6(81), pp. 11–20.

 Mussatti, D. and Hemmer, P. (2002) ‘Wet Scrubbers for Particulate Matter’, in Bengtson,

H. H. (ed.) Air Pollution Control: Wet Scrubbers. Durhan: CED Engineering.com.

 Sah, S. (2010) Design and Development of a Packed Bed Scrubber for Upgradation of

Biogas using a closed-loop process: An Economical and Environmental Approach.

National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.

 Seader, J., Henley, E. and Roper, D. K. (1998) Separation Process Principles-Chemical

and Biochemical Operations. Third. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

 Smith, R. (2003) ‘Scrubber Design’, in Mass Transfer. New York, pp. 9–15.

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