Online Class - XII/2077

5TH & 6th CLASS

The electron

(3) Motion of electron beam inside uniform magnetic field

Nirmal Sharma(NP)
Department of Physics
Golden Gate Int‟l college,
Kathmandu
NP
NP
 Magnetic field & Magnetic force
x
x x B
. .
.. . . . .. B
x x x
. .. . .
x
x x
x
x x
Inward to the plane Outward to the plane

Fleming’s left hand rule

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 (Roughly) Motion of electron beam inside uniform magnetic field
F = qvBsin90=Bev (Magnitude)
F ⊥ both v and B ( Flemings left hand
rule). Since F ⊥ v, it can not change the x x x x B
magnitude but change direction (F ⊥ x x x x
v, W=0 but a=F/m ≠ 0 v P x x x x x
So it moves in a circular path x x x
Required centripetal force is balanced x x x x
x x x x
by magnetic force
x x x
𝐦𝒗𝟐 F x
= Bev Q
r
mv
Or r =
Be
mwr
r
Or r = (v=wr)
Be
1
Or Be=mw O Or Be = 2πm (f=1/T)
𝑇
2π m
Or Be= m2πf ( w=2πf) Or T=
Be
Time period is independent of speed of
electron.

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Now complete note

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(3) Motion of electron beam inside uniform magnetic field
Consider the horizontal beam of electrons
having charge “e” initially moving with x x x x B
velocity “v” enters into uniform magnetic x x x x
field of intensity “B” in the direction v P
x x x x x
x x x
perpendicular to it( v⊥B). x x x x
The electron experienced magnetic force v
x F x x
inside magnetic field which is given by; x x x
F x
F=qvBsinθ=evBsin90=Bev ………..(1) Q
The direction of force is always
perpendicular to both v and B(Fleming‟s r
left hand rule). Since Force is
perpendicular to velocity it can not O
Fig; motion inside magnetic field
change the magnitude but the electron
has acceleration (can change direction). So electron beam inside
magnetic field describes circular arc PQ. To move in the circular path
electron required centripetal force which is provided by magnetic
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force
 𝐦𝒗𝟐
i.e. = Bev [where r is radius of circular path]
r
mv
Or r = -----------(2)
Be

This is required radius of circular path

mωr
Or r = (v=ωr where ω is angular velocity)
Be

Or Be = mω
Or Be = m2πf (ω=2πf where f is frequency)
1
Or Be = 2πm (f=1/T)
𝑇
2πm
Or T =
Be

This is required time period of electron inside uniform magnetic

field and from this expression it is clear that time period is
independent of speed of particle.
NP
 Short Questions
QNo. 1 What will be the acceleration of electron inside uniform
magnetic field when it is projected (i) perpendicular (ii) parallel (iii) anti
parallel to magnetic field?
We have magnetic force F=Bevsinθ
(i) θ=90, F=Bev, a=F/m=Bev/m→Circular
(ii) θ=0, F=0 , a=0→straight line (iii) θ=180, F=0,a=0 →straight line

Q.No.2 An electron and a proton move with the same speed in an

uniform magnetic field. Compare the radii of their circular path.
mv
We have r = Dividing we get
Be
me v 𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑒
For electron re = =
Be 𝑟𝑝 𝑚𝑝
mp v
For proton rp = Since me < mp
Be
re <rp
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QNo. 3 Beam of electrons passes through magnetic field are not
deflected . Is it possible?

Yes, it is possible when electron is projected parallel or anti parallel

to magnetic field. (F=0)

Q.No4 why is magnetic field used to deflect electron beam but not
electric field in a television picture tube?

→Small magnetic field produce large deflection

→If electric field was used ,very high voltage was to be applied
or very long tube was to be used.
→Therefore magnetic field is used to reduce size of picture tube

NP
Note : If velocity makes an angle θ with magnetic field.
In this case the Component of velocity parallel to
field(vcosθ) tends to move electron in linear path And v
perpendicular component of velocity (vsinθ) tends to
θ B
move in circular path. Due to these two types of
motion electron obeys a helical path(spiral path)
For circular path, 𝐦(𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝟐
= Be(vsinθ) vsinθ
r
v
Time period (T) = 2πr/v sinθ
θ
B
vcosθ
Pitch :The linear distance between
two turns of helical path is called
pitch or axial distance
P= v cosθ x T

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 NUMERICALS
IF particle is projected ⊥ to field
𝐦𝒗𝟐
r
= Bev v= ωr m/s=linear velocity
ω= 2πf Rad/s=angular velocity
mv
Or r = Rev/sec=frequency
Be f= 1/T
1
K.E. = mv2
2

1eV=1.6x10-19J or 1eV=1xe Joule

When an electron is accelerated by potential difference V

K.E. gain = workdone by potential(qV)
1
mv2=eV v=velocity. V=P.d.
2

For any charge particle

1
mv2=qV q=charge
2
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QNo1 An electron has a velocity of 3.52x106 m/s and moves in a circular
orbit in a magnetic field of flux density 0.2T. What will be the radius of
the orbit? (m =9.1x10-31 kg, e= 1.6x10-19 C)
v= 3.52x106 m/s
B= 0.2 T
r=?
m =9.1x10-31 kg
e= 1.6x10-19 C

Since it moves in a circular orbit

𝐦𝒗𝟐
= Bev
r
mv
Or r = =………
Be

9.9x10-5 m

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Q No 2 Protons with a charge mass ratio of 1.0x108 C/kg are rotated in a
circular orbit of radius „r‟ when they enter a uniform magnetic field of
0.5T. Show that the number of revolutions per second „f‟ is independent
of „r‟ and calculate f.
e/m= 1.0x108 C/kg
B= 0.5 T
f= ?
Since it moves in a circular orbit
𝐦𝒗𝟐
= Bev
r
mv
Or r =
Be
𝑚𝜔𝑟
r=
𝐵𝑒

or Be = mω=m2πf
8x106 rev/sec
𝐵𝑒 𝐵 𝑒
or f= = [ ] = ……..(independent of r)
2𝜋𝑚 2𝜋 𝑚

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Q No 3 A beam of protons is accelerated from rest through a p.d. of
2000V and then enters a uniform magnetic field which is perpendicular
to the direction of the proton beam. If the flux density is 0.2T, calculate
the radius of the path which the beam describes.(mp=1.7x10-27kg,
e=1.6x10-19C)
P. d. (V) = 2000 V Since it moves in a circular orbit
B= 0.2 T
𝐦𝒗𝟐
r=? = Bev
r
mp=1.7x10-27kg mv
e=1.6x10-19C Or r = ----------(1)
Be

When an electron is accelerated by potential difference V

K.E. gain = workdone by potential(qV)
1
mv2=eV
2

2eV
v= =…..
𝑚

form (1) r=…… 0.33m

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Q No 4 An electron having 500 eV of energy moves at right angles to a
uniform magnetic field of flux density 20x10-3 T. find the radius of its
circular orbit. (e/m=1.76x1011C/kg)
K.E.= 500eV= 500xe Joule or ( 500x 1.6x10-19 J)
B= 20x10-3 T
r=?
e/m=1.76x1011C/kg
1
We have mv2=K.E. =500xe
2

2x 500x e
Or v= =….. Since it moves in a circular orbit
𝑚
𝐦𝒗𝟐
= Bev
r
mv 𝑣
Or r = = 𝑒 = ……..
Be 𝐵
𝑚

0.0038m

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QNo5 An electron with a velocity of 107m/s enters a region of uniform
magnetic flux density of 0.10 T, the angle between the direction of the
field and initial path of the electron being 250. find the axial distance
between two turns of helical paths. ( e/m= 1.8x1011C/kg)
v
v= 107m/s 25 B
B=0.10T
θ= 250
The component of velocity parallel to B is
vcos250 and perpendicular to B is vsin250
The component vsin250 defelets in circular path
𝐦(𝒗𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝟓)𝟐
= Be(vsin25)
r
𝑚𝑣𝑠𝑖𝑛 25 𝑣𝑠𝑖𝑛 25
Or r= = 𝑒 = ….
𝐵𝑒 𝐵m

Time period (T) = 2πr/v sin25= ……

& axial distance (P)= v cos25 x T=…….

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2.35x10-4 m , 3.49x10-10 s , 3.17x10-3 m
 HOMEWORK 3

Q No 6 In the ionosphere electrons execute 1.4x106 revolutions in a

second. Find the strength of the magnetic flux density B in this
region.(m=9.1x 10-31 kg, e= 1.6x10-19 C) -4
Ans 0.5x10 T

Q No 7 An ion for which charge per unit mass is 4.40x107 C/kg, has a
velocity of 3.52x105 m/s and moves in a circular orbit in a magnetic
field of intensity 0.4 T . What will be the radius or this orbit.
Ans 2x 10-2 m

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