Electric: Circuit Problems With Solutions

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS
WITH SOLUTIONS
Electric Circuit
Problems with
Solutions
F. A. BENSON
D.Eng., Ph.D., F.LE.E., Sen.M.LE.E., F.Illum.E.S.
Professor of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,
University of Sheffield
LONDON
CHAPMAN AND HALL
First published 1967 by
E & F. N. Spon Ltd.,
Second edition published 1975
by Chapman and Hall Ltd.
11 New Fetter Lane, London E4CP 4EE
© 1975 F. A. Benson
TSBN-13: 978-0-412-21260-4 e-TSBN-13: 978-94-009-5847-0 DOT:

10.1007/978-94-009-5847-0
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Distribute by the U.S.A.

by Halsted Press, a Division
of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74-33176
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
Electrical-engineering and electronic-engineering students have

frequently to resolve and simplify quite complex circuits in order to
understand them or to obtain numerical results and a sound knowledge
of basic circuit theory is therefore essential. The author is very much in
favour of tutorials and the solving of problems as a method of
education. Experience shows that many engineering students
encounter difficulties when they first apply their theoretical
knowledge to practical problems.
Over a period of about twenty years the author has collected a large
number of problems on electric circuits while giving lectures to
students attending the first two post-intermediate years of Uni versity
engineering courses. The purpose of this book is to present these
problems (a total of 365) together with many solutions (some problems,
with answers, given at the end of each Chapter, are left as student
exercises) in the hope that they will prove of value to other teachers and
students. Solutions are separated from the problems so that they will
not be seen by accident. The answer is given at the end of each
problem, however, for convenience.
Parts of the book are based on the author's previous work Electrical
Engineering Problems with Solutions which was published in 1954.
Very specialized material in the earlier book, such as electrochemistry,
machine windings and illumination, has been omitted together with
elementary problems on units and circuit parameters while other topics
have now been introduced or covered much more fully. It has been
necessary to limit the number of examples so some subjects, such as
topology and signal-flow graphs, which readers may expect to find
included have had to be left out and others have had less space devoted
to them than one would have liked. Valve and tran sistor circuits have
not been dealt with as these are covered in con
siderable detail in the author's existing book Problems in Electronics
with Solutions. For the same reason coupled circuits, more advanced
problems on transients in circuits and Fourier-series representation of
non-sinusoidal waveforms have been omitted.
The author cannot possibly claim that all the problems in the collection
are original and it is impossible to acknowledge the sources v
vi PREFACE of those which are not. He is indebted to the late
Professor E. W. Marchant, D.Sc., F.e.G.!., Hon. M.I.E.E., who granted
permission for a set of problems, originally produced for students at the
University of Liverpool, to form the basis of Electrical Engineering
Problems with Solutions. Some of these problems have been used
again. The author also wishes to thank his colleagues 0.1. Butler, D.Sc.,
F.!.E.E., A.M.I.Mech.E., R. Brown, B.Eng., Ph.D., P. J. Spreadbury,
M.A., M.Sc. and J. Dobson, B.Eng., Ph.D. for providing
questions and solutions on certain topics which they have produced for
tutorial classes and the University of Sheffield for permission to use
some of the questions set in examination papers.
Although great care has been taken to try to eliminate mistakes some
will inevitably have crept in and the author will be glad to have any
brought to his notice.
F. A. BENSON
Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department,

The University of Sheffield,
1966.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

Many changes have been made in this edition to bring the nomencla ture
up-to-date and to use S.1. units throughout. For example mho has been
replaced by siemens, cycle per second by hertz and vector by phasor.
Also British units have been deleted. In addition the circuit diagrams
have been re-drawn to conform to the recom mendations in B.S.S. 3939.
Some further minor modifications and corrections have been made.
F. A. BENSON
Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department,

The University of Sheffield,
1975
SECTION ONE • PROBLEMS
CONTENTS
Preface to the first edition
page v vi
Preface to the second edition
1 D.C. Circuits. Problems 1-92 1 2 Single-Phase A.C. Circuits.

Problems'9~200 28
3 Complex Quantities and their use in A.C. Circuits Problems 201-

243 54
4 Polyphase Circuits. Problems 244-278 64 5 Non-sinusoidal
Waves. Problems 279-300 73 6 Transformers and Electric
Machines. Problems 301-365 78
SECTION TWO· SOLUTIONS

Problems 1-57, 9~159, 201-224, 244-265, 279-292, 301-325 97
Index 255
vii
CHAPTER ONE
D.C. CIRCUITS
1. mn equal cells are arranged in m parallel branches, each branch
containing n cells in series. If the resistance of a cell is r ohms and its
e.m.f. E volts, find the current flowing in an external circuit of re
sistance R ohms. Prove also that the current is a maximum when R =
nr/m and show that the maximum current is En/2R amperes.
[Ans. E/(r/m + R/n) amperes]
2. For the arrangement shown determine the voltage across the

parallel branch and the current in the main circuit.
1Jl
2Jl
511
2Jl
10V 311
....-.----11--- -1t----c=::::J--....
[Ans. 1·05 V; 1·79 A]
3. Two insulated cables are connected in parallel. One is made up of

seven wires each 2 mm diameter and is 100 m long; the other of five
wires each 1 mm diameter and 200 m long. A current of 100 A is fed
into the parallel combination. Find the current flowing in each cable.
Assume the resistivity of the conductors is 1·7 x 10- 8 Om.
[Ans. 91·8 A; 8·2 A]

2 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS
4. Calculate the current supplied by the battery in the following
circuit:
3Jl
1Jl
2Jl
1Jl 10V
~---C::::J.-----t 1---11-----'
[Ans. 5·02 A]
5. A moving-coil ammeter has a resistance of 0·7 Q and gives its

full-scale deflection of 150 divisions with a potential difference of
0·015 V. Calculate the resistance of the shunt necessary in order that
the instrument may give full-scale deflection for (a) 15 A, (b) 300 A.
[Ans. (a) 7/6990 Q, (b) 7/139990 Q]
6. A moving-coil ammeter has a resistance of 50 Q and gives a full

scale deflection of 150 divisions with a current of 2· 5 rnA. Estimate
the resistance of a shunt with which the instrument will give full-scale
deflection for a current of75 A.
[Ans. 1·25/749'975 Q]
7. A milliammeter gives full-scale deflection for 15 rnA and has a

resistance of 14·6 Q. What resistance must be put in series with it if it is
to be used as a voltmeter giving 250 V for full-scale deflection?
[Ans. 16 652 Q]
8. A moving-coil voltmeter has a resistance of 20 Q and gives full

scale deflection of 150 divisions with a potential difference of 300 m V.
PROBLEMS 8 11 3
The terminals are arranged as shown in the diagram. Find the re sistance
that must be put in series with the instrument and b~tween each terminal
and the next so that the instrument may give full-scale deflection for 5,
20, 100, 200, 400 and 800 V.
BDDV
[Ans. 313,3, 1 000,3, 5 333'3, 6 666'6, 13 333·3 and 26 666,6 n]
9. The current passing to a Kelvin double-bridge network is SA. The

network has the following components:
Standard resistance = 0'1 n
Resistance to be measured = 0·16 n.
Ratio resistances = 10 and 17·1 n.
Galvanometer resistance = 10 n.
Resistance in remaining branch = 0·02 n.
Determine the current through the galvanometer.
[Ans. 0'001 A]
10. A Varley-Loop Test is used to locate an earth fault on a tele

phone line which is 60 km long. The resistance per km of line is found
to be 43 n. The fixed resistors in the circuit each have a value of 300 n.
At balance the variable resistor is set at 1760 n. Determine the position
of the fault.
[Ans. 39·5 km from the end connected to the variable resistor]
11. A Murray-Loop Test is used to locate an earth fault on a tele

phone line which is 30 km long. The fixed resistor has a value of 500 n
and at balance the variable resistor is set at 100 n. Find the position of
the earth fault.
[Ans. 10 km from the end connected to the variable resistor]

4 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS 12. The circuit
shown is used to find a contact fault on a pair of tele phone lines which
are 30 km long. The resistors Rl and R2 are each made 300 Q and the
resistance per km of line is 40 Q. Find the distance x at which the fault
occurs if at balance R3 = 440 Q.
Fault
[Ans. 9·5 km]

-,-, ,
-
~I
13. A hexagonal frame ABCDEF is made up of six conductors each

having a resistance of I n. Diagonal wires are connected between A
and C, A and D, and A and E, the wires having the same cross-section
as the wires of the frame. A potential difference of 10 V is applied
between C and E. Find the current flowing in each branch of the
network and the effective resistance between C and E.
[Ans. ics = ipE = 2·5 A; b = iAE = 2·885 A;

iAD = 0; ieD = iDE = 5 A; 0·98 Q]
14. A network is made up of five conductors. The resistance be tween

A and B is 20 Q, between Band C 25 Q, between A and D 30 Q, between
C and D 35 Q and between Band D 100 Q. A potential dif ference of 10
V is applied between A and C. Find the current in each of the branches
of the network and the total resistance between A and C.
[Ans.AB = O'223A;BC = O'222A;
CD = -O'l53A;BD = O·OOlA;
AD = 0·152 A; 26·67 Q]
PROBLEMS 15-16 5
15. Estimate the resistance between points A and B on a framework

made up of twelve wires, each of resistance 1 n, as shown in the
diagram. *
AB
[Ans. 7/12 nJ
16. A cube is formed from twelve wires each having a resistance r as
shown. Given currents x, y and z and assuming the resistance of the
battery is R show that
K
Y
5 -
xzE 14 4 24R + 14r B c
;-___ +--70
* A solution to a similar problem, where the resistance between two diagonally

opposite points of the cube was required, has been given by A. J. Small
(Engineering News, No. 190, March 18th, 1965, p. 2). This solution requires a
minimum of mathematics. An alternative solution has been presented by H.
Trencham (Engineering News, No. 192, April 1st, 1965, p. 2).
17. Apply (a) the Superposition-of-Currents method, (b) Kirch hoff's
Laws, (c) Thevenin's Theorem, to find the current in branch AC of the
network ABCD shown.
A 0·111 B
[Ans. 35·7 A]
18. Use Thevenin's Theorem to calculate the current in branch CF
of the network below and check the result by means of Kirchhoff's
Laws. Find, also, the resistance of the circuit measured between
terminals A and H.
2Il
AB c 41l o
21l
HGFE
[Ans. 2·08 A; 1·260]
19. A constant current of lO A flows into and out of the circuit

ABCD as shown in the figure.
PROBLEMS 19-21 7 Use Thevenin's Theorem to find the current in BD.
A
lfl o
2fl
lOA
311
[Ans. 1·43 A]
20. ABeD is a uniform circular wire of resistance 4 nand AOe EO D

are two wires forming diameters at right angles and joined at o. Aoe and
BOD each have a resistance of 2 n.
Prove that if a battery be placed in AD, the resistance of the net work
offered to it is 15/7 n.
21. Use (a) Kirchhoff's Laws and (b) Thevenin's Theorem to find the
current in X Y in the circuit below.
40A
70A
[Ans. 40 A]
8 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS 22. For the
circuit shown calculate the current in XY by: (a) Thevenin's
Theorem.
(b) Kirchhoff's Laws.
(c) Maxwell's Cyclic-Current Rule.
111 x 2fl.
.,.
I 20V I
3n 411 [Ans. 4'57 AJ
211
23. Use Thevenin's Theorem to calculate the current flowing in

branch XY of the circuit shown, and check the result by Kirchhoff's
Laws and Maxwell's Cyclic-Current Rule.
In x 2fl.
- : 20V --L- '
311
4fl.
211
y
[Ans. 0·57 A]
24. Find the equivalent resist

ance of the network illustrated
between points A and D by first
using a delta-star transformation
on mesh ABC.
C~---C=:J~-~ B
[Ans. 20·94 OJ
PROBLEMS 25-27 9 25. Reduce the circuit shown at (a) to that of (b).
--
2Il
51l 10Il
--- [
f 40ft r 501l
(oj
26. By the iterated use of Thevenin's Theorem find the current in the
branch XY of the circuit illustrated.
69Il 171Il 23811 304Il 168fl

258311 1703Il 1258Il 98711 300Il
- : 100V --L-
~----~~-----4------~------~------~Y [Ans. 35'7 rnA]
27. Use the delta-star trans

formation to show that the equi
valent resistance of the network
illustrated between points A and
c
F
D is 40R/29. Check the result
by Maxwell's Cyclic-Current
Rule.
28. The sides of a hexagon ABCDEF are formed of wires each of

resistance R; a wire of the same resistance R joins BF. Find the equivalent
resistance of the circuit between the points A and D. Show that the result is
independent of the resistance of the wire joining Band F.
[Ans.3R/2]
29. A square ABCD is formed from a uniform piece of wire and the
centre is joined to the middle points of the sides by straight wires of the
same material and cross-section. A current enters at A and leaves at the
middle point of BC.
Use Maxwell's Cyclic-Current Rule to show that the equivalent
resistance of the network between the points where the current enters and
leaves is 29/48 times the resistance of a side of the square.
30. A triangular pyramid ABCD is built up of six wires whose
resistances are shown on the sketch. Use Kirchhoff's Laws to prove that
the effective resistance of the network between points A and B is 7/12 n.
o
A~------~~------~~8
31. Find the voltage between points X and Y in the network shown
using (a) Millman's Theorem*, (b) the Generalized Form of Norton's
Theorem. *
Sll
r-----~--~==~----._----~y
2ll
"I" 4ll
III , sv
-'- -,-I IOV

L-----~------------~----~x '"
[Ans. 2·35 V]
-See the solution to Problem 141.
PROBLEMS 32-34 11
32. Calculate the voltage across the 40-0 resistor in the network
illustrated using (a) Millman's Theorem, (b) the Generalized Form of
Norton's Theorem. Check the results with Maxwell's Cyclic Current
Rule.
5011 1011
I
- 3011
2011
4011 TlOV
[Ans. 3·45 V]
33. Calculate the voltage across the 10000-0 resistor in the net work
shown if (a) the two batteries are in phase, (b) the two batteries are out
of phase. Use both Millman's Theorem and then the General ized Form
of Norton's Theorem for the solution.
100kll
V
1 = 10V 1" 50kll 100kll 10kll
_1-
[Ans. 2·14 V; 0·71 V]
34. Use nodal analysis to find the voltage across AB in the circuit
illustrated.
l.ll A
,.
I 10V
I
[Ans. 4 V]
B
111 211
12 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS 35. Write
down the nodal equations for the circuit illustrated. R4
RS
E)IR) R3 R6 Reference node

E21R2
t R) v)
V R2
2 t
Ans. E1 = Vl(~ + ~ + ~ +~) - V2(~ + ~);

[ Rl R1 R3 R4
Rs R4 Rs E2 = - Vl(~ + ~) + V2(~ + ~ + ~ + ~)J
R2 R4 Rs R2 R4 Rs R6
36. Use the Compensation Theorem to determine the change in
current 11 in the network shown when resistor R3 increases by 20%.
2V -
-..I-
:
[Ans. (2/35) A]
37. A network of nine conductors connects six points A, B, C, A', B'

and C' as shown. Determine the resistance between points A and C by
using the delta-star transformation only.
A
8~----------~~----------~C
In
[Ans. (7/12) il]
PROBLEMS 38-40 13
38. With the aid of the delta-star transformation reduce the net
work given in (a) to the equivalent circuit shown at (b) and hence
find R.
(b)
10 V 3It
.. --II-----c~---'
(a)
[Ans. R = 4·612 OJ
39. Use Thevenin's Theorem to find the current I in the circuit

shown.
10Jl
I~
.,. ""
I 12V -L. 2Jl 2Jl 2!l
311
-.
I 4V
[Ans. (34/61) A]
40. Apply the Principle of Superposition to find the currents in
the three branches of the network shown.
2J1 3J1
..
I IOV
-L [Ans. (1) 0·38 A; (2) 3·08 A; (3) 2'7

4fi
A]
41. Use Maxwell's Cyclic Current Rule to find the current

through the 10-12 resistor in the circuit shown.
,n
[Ans.17·86A]
42. Use Thevenin's Theorem to calculate the current I in the

circuit shown.
~-~30A
25A
[Ans. 53·9 A]
43. Five points· are connected by ten wires, each pair being joined
by a wire of the same resistance R. Make use of symmetry and
employ Kirchhoff's Laws to show that the resistance of the network
to current entering at one point and leaving at any other point is
2RJ5.
~eaders may like to extend this problem to n points to show that if every pair of n
Points is connected by a conductor of resistance R the equivalent resistance of the
network between any pair of electrodes is 2R/n.
PROBLEMS 44-46 15 44. A, B, e and D are four points in succession
at equal distances along a wire. Points A and e and points Band D
are also joined by two other similar wires of the same length as the
distances between these pairs of points measured along the original
wire. Current enters the network, so formed, at A and leaves at D.
Show that 1/5 of it passes along Be.
45. A network is made up of 13m of uniform wire, placed to form

four equal squares side by side as shown in the diagram. Current
enters the network at one extreme corner and leaves by the
diagonally opposite corner. Use Maxwell's Cyclic-Current Rule to
show that the total resistance of the network is equal to that of 21~ m
of the wire.
46. A network of conductors is arranged as shown. Determine the

resistance between A and e by using delta-star and star-delta
transformations, or a symmetry argument.
A
B~---C==~--~---C==r---~C
311 F 3Jl
[Ans. 3i OJ
47. In the circuit illustrated the values of the resistors in branches

EB and Ee are unknown. The ammeter in branch, EB, however,
reads zero. Use Maxwell's Cyclic-Current Rule to show that the
resistance of branch Ee is 6 n and that the current supplied by the
battery is 2·5 A.
B
1--- 1-_<=:::1-........
211
10V 1 o
48. In the circuit shown, transform the star XYZ to a delta and
then apply Thevenin's Theorem to find the current through the 15-0
resistor. Assume that the supply has zero internal resistance.
l
[Ans. (1/6) A]
-
1011
y
10V I x
I
1011 1011 1511
49. For the circuit illustrated it is found, by applying Maxwell's

Cyclic-Current Rule, that II = 0·0494 A, 12 = 0·0445 A and 13 =
0·0723 A.
Use the Principle of Superposition and the Reciprocity Theorem
together to evaluate the current in the I-V battery circuit when an
PROBLEMS 49-52 17
e.mJ. of 2 V is added in branch BD so as to oppose the flow of the
original current in that branch.
Ac
1011
[Ans. 0·0625 A from C to E1
so. A two-wire d.c. distributor 2000 m long is fed at one end at 410
V and at the other end at 390 V. Each conductor has.a resist ance of
0·125 n per 1000 m and the distributor supplies 9 equidistant loads
each of 80 A. Determine which loads have the lowest supply voltage
and the value of that voltage.
[Ans. 5th and 6th from 410 Vend; 350 V]
51. A two-wire distributor which is 400 m long and which is fed at

one end is loaded as shown by the following table.
Distance from feeding point (m) 100 200 300 350 400 Load in amperes
20 30 30 50 40 If the resistancefm of the distributor is 10- 4 n find the
total voltage drop.
[Ans. 10·1 V]
52. The distributor shown in the sketch is fed at both ends. The
feeding points A and B are the same potential. Determine the current
distribution in the system.
100m 100m 100m SOm SOm 100m
AB
20A 30A 30A SOA 40A
[Ans. The currents in the various sections beginning at A are 69,

49, 19, 11, 61 and 101 A respectively]
53. * A capacitor of capacitance 8 /LF is to be charged by a voltage

of 400 V through a resistance of 100 000 n. How long will it take for
the voltage across the capacitor to rise from its initial zero value to 300
V 1 What fraction of the final energy is stored in the capacitor at 300
V?
[Ans. l·ll s; 0'56]
54. A coil having a self-inductance of 5 H and a resistance of 4 n is

connected with a battery having an e.m.f. of 8 V. Draw a curve showing
the rate of increase of current through the coil after switch ing on, and
find how long it takes before the current reaches 1·9 A. What is the
time constant of this circuit?
[Ans. 3·74 s; 1·25 s]
55. The four field coils of a shunt-wound generator, each having a

self-inductance of 1·2 H, are connected in series, and carry a current of
1·6 A if connected to a 230-V supply. When the circuit is opened they
are connected to a discharge resistance of 100 n. Draw the first part of
the curve showing how the current dies away under these conditions.
56. A coil of resistance 10 n and inductance 0·4 H is connected to a

100-V, d.c. supply. Calculate:
(a) the rate of change of current at the instant of closing the mains
switch.
·Other problems on transients may be found in the book: F. A. Benson,
Problems in Electronics with Solutions, Spon, 4th Edition, 1965, Chapter 2.
19
PROBLEMS 56-60
(b) the final steady value of current.
(c) the time constant of the circuit.
(d) the time taken for the current to rise to half its final value. (e)
the energy finally stored in the magnetic field in joules.
[Ans. (a) 250 A s-', (b) 10 A, (c) 0·04 s,
(d) 0·0277 s, (e) 20 J]
57. Two coils, having self inductances of 0·02 and 0·01 H, are
mounted on a common iron core to have a coupling coefficient of 0·6.
Determine the initial rates of rise of battery current when they are
connected to a 12-V battery (a) in series, (b) in parallel.
[Ans. (a) 255 or 925 A s-', (b) 1221 or 4420 As-']
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
58. A battery of e.mJ. E and internal resistance r is connected to a
heating element of resistance R. Find the value of R required for
maximum heating effect, and the efficiency of the system. Where does
the waste power go?
[Ans. R = r; 50%]
59. A battery of twelve cells (each of e.mJ. 1·4 V and internal

resistance 6·3 Q) is required to send the largest possible current
through a 10-0 resistor. Determine the grouping of the cells to give this
current. What value has the current?
[Ans. Three parallel rows with four cells in each; 0·305 A]
- R
rev ~
60. Find I as a function of R, r and V for the circuit shown and check
the result using the Reciprocity Theorem.
~~
-I [Ans. I = V/(4r + R)]
61. Find the equivalent resistance of the combination of resistors
shown.
A 12-V battery with an internal resistance of 0·25 Q is connected
between terminals A and B. Calculate the current in each of the
resistors.
3Il.
,.............
411
A
- B
SIl.
,.............
[Ans. 1·277 Q; 2·98 A; 1·27 A; 0·95 A; 0'76 A]
62. Calculate the voltage across the parallel branches of the circuit
arrangement shown and the current in the main circuit.
1Il.
211
311
~--C:=J------t 1---I
2Il. 20V
[Ans. 4·29 V; 7·86 A]
63. A milliammeter having a resistance of 15 Q gives full-scale

deflection for a current of 20 rnA. Determine the value of the resistor
which must be put in series with the instrument if it is to be used as a
voltmeter giving 100 V for full-scale deflection.
[Ans. 4985 Q]
64. A moving-coil ammeter has a resistance of 100 Q and gives a

full-scale deflection with a current of 5 rnA. Evaluate the resistance of
a shunt with which the instrument will give full-scale deflection for a
current of 5 A.
[Ans. (1/9·99) Q]
PROBLEMS 65-67 21
65. The bridge network shown balances at 10°C when Rl = 600 0,
R
z = 200 0 and R3 = 1800 O. The ambient temperature rises to 20°C,
R of +
which brings about a change in Rl of -0,2 % per °C and in z
0·15 % per °C. The bridge is re-balanced at the new tempera
ture by decreasing R3 to 1764 O.

Find (a) the value of X at lOoC.
(b) the percentage change in X per °C rise in temperature.
-
_1-
1
I
[Ans. (a) 6000; (b) 0·167% per 0c]
66. A pentagon ABCDEis made up of five lengths of uniform wire

each of resistance 1 O. Calculate the resistance between points A and
C.
If now two lengths of wire, each of resistance 1 0, join A and D and A
and C respectively, use the delta-star transformation on meshes ABC
and AED to calculate the resistance between points A and C. [Ans. 1'20;
(10/21) OJ
67. By first using a delta-star transformation on the mesh ABCD of

the circuit shown, prove that the current supplied by the battery is
(90/83) A.
40n A 20n B
50n
30Jl
10Jl o t--c:::::::Jf--...... C
30V 5Jl
~ - -II---C::::J---'
68. Use Thevenin's Theorem to calculate the current in conductor AC of

the network ABCD shown.
60A
[Ans. 7·38 A flowing from C to A]
69. A circuit is made up as shown in the diagram. Find 11,12 and 13
[Ans. II = 4·07 A; 12 = 1·215 A ; 13 = 1·085 A]
70. Use the Principle of Superposition to find the current I in each of

the circuits illustrated. The batteries each have zero internal resistance.
-
(a) (bi
1 2V 1 -.L
211.
-
~
: 6V
[Ans. (a) 0·5 A;
T (b) 2~ A]
I 6V
_1- 111 I
411 1A
311. 3A
I
PROBLEMS 71-75 23
71. A tetrahedron frame ABCD is formed by six wires, the resist ances
of opposite edges being equal. Prove that the resistance of the frame for a
current entering at A and leaving at Dis ('1'3 + 2'1'2 + '2'3)r3 /2('l + '3)
('2 + '3) where '1 is the resistance of AB or CD, '2 that of AC or BD
and '3 that of AD or BC.
72. A cube is formed of twelve uniform wires of the same resistance "
the opposite corners are connected by wires of resistance ,'. Prove that the
resistance to a current which enters at one corner of the cube and leaves at
the opposite corner is ,,'(2' + 5,')/2(,2 + 4,,' + 3,(2).
73. Six similar wires are connected so as to form a regular tetra hedron
ABCD. A current enters at the middle point of AB and leaves from the
middle point of CD. Show that the resistance of the arrangement is 3,/4,
where, is the resistance of one of the wires.
74. An octahedron is formed of twelve similar bars. A current enters the

system at one end of a bar and leaves at the other end of the same bar.
Show that the resistance of the octahedron is 5/12 of that of a single bar.
7S. If the two networks illustrated are electrically equivalent

show that:* R2R3/(Rl + R2 + R3) Rc = R1R3/(R 1
RA = R1R2/(R1 + R2 + R3) RB = + R2 + R3)
A 0------... A 0-----",
Co--" Co---~--_c==r_---. B~------------~ 8~-------~

*Proofs can be found in the following book: F. A. Benson and D. Harrison,
Electric Circuit Theory, 2nd Edition, Arnold, 1963, pp. 27-30. See also T. R.
Walsh, 'Some Useful Procedures in Circuit and Line Theory', Bull. Elect. Eng.
Educ., No. 10, p. 24, June, 1953. (A proof is given which forms an interesting
application of Maxwell's Cyclic-Current Rule.)
24 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS Prove also that:
Rl = R .. Re [~ + ~ + ~J R.. RB Re
R2 = R .. RB [~ + ~ + ~J R.. RB Re
R3 = RBRe[; .. + ;B + ;J
76. Points A, B, C, D are joined by five wires AB, BC, CD, DA and
BD. The resistances ofthese wires are respectively 5,5,5,3 and 8 o.
Find the equivalent resistance of the network for a current entering at A
and leaving at C.
[Ans. (4th) 0]
77. Two long straight parallel wires are joined by cross wires of the
same material at equal distances, forming an infinite ladder of equal
squares, the resistance of a side of a square being r. A current enters
and leaves the network at the ends P and Q of one of the cross wires. If
the" currents in successive segments of one of the long wIres, measured
from P, are it> i2• i3 •••• ,show that
in - 4in+t + in+2 = 0 (n > 1).
Show also that in = i 1(2 - J3)n-t and the equivalent resistance of the
network is r/J3.
78. By the iterated use of Thevenin's Theorem reduce the circuit

shown to a single voltage source acting in series with a single resistor.
Hence calculate the current in the 10-0 resistor at the end of the
network.
lon _1- lon lOon lon [Ans. 2·16

loon
90n
looon V and 10620; 2·03 rnA]

: 100V lOon looon
PROBLEMS 79-83 2S
79. Use Thevenin's Theorem and the Principle of Superposition to
find the current in the 4-0 resistor in the network illustrated.
lA
4.n
lA
[Ans. 0·21 A]
80. A two-wire distributor 1000 m long has the following loads:

Distance from feed (m) 100 300 500 700 1000 Load (A) 20 30 40 20
40 30 The feed is at 240 V and the end consumer is to receive at 220 V.
Show that the cross-sectional area of the copper distributor must be 166
mm2• The resistivity of copper is 1·7 x 10 Om.
81. The mutual inductance between two circuits A and B is 0·1 H and
the resistance of each circuit is 100 Q. The self inductance of circuit B
is 0·8 H. The current in A is made to increase uniformly with time from
0 to 10 A in 0·1 s and to remain constant after this period. Plot the
variation of the current in B with time measured from the instant that
the current in A begins to flow. What is the value of the current in B
after 0·01 s?
[Ans. 0·071 A]
82. A coil of resistance 40 Q and self inductance 58·3 H is connec ted

to a 60-V d.c. supply. Draw a curve showing the rise of current in the
coil with time measured from the instant when the supply switch is
closed. Show that the current reaches 0·95 A after a time 1·458 s.
83. A coil carrying a current of 10 A has a self inductance of 1 ·6 H.

Calculate the energy stored in the coil and determine the capacitance
which must be shunted across it so that the voltage rise on the coil does
not exceed 200 V when the current is suddenly switched off.
[Ans. 80 J; 4030 !J.F]
26 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS 84. A coil of
n
self inductance 0·6 H and resistance 2 has a steady current of 10 A
flowing through it. The battery supplying the circuit has an e.mJ. of 40
V and the current is controlled by a non-inductive resistor in series with
it. If the resistance of the non-inductive resistor is suddenly reduced by
1 0 find the current flowing in the coil 0'2s after the change has been
made.
[Ans. 12·1 A]
85. A 4-/LF capacitor is discharged suddenly through a coil of

inductance 1 H and resistance 100 O. If the initial voltage on the
capacitor is 10 V derive an expression for the resulting current and find
the additional resistance required to give critical damping.
[Ans. 0'02e- SOt sin 4971 amps; 9000]
86. In the circuit illustrated currents iL and ic (functions of time) flow

after closing the switch. Show that if RIR2 = 2L/C the maxi
...
r
mum value of the voltage V is E/4.
IE
-L
87. An electromagnet of inductance 1 H and a 100-0 non-inductive

resistor are connected in parallel across a l00-V d.c. supply and take a
total steady current of 11 A. The d.c. supply is then suddenly switched
off. After deriving an expression for the decay in the current flowing
through the electromagnet find the maximum value of the voltage
across the electromagnet.
The l00-V supply is reconnected after the magnet current has fallen
to zero. Determine the time taken for the supply current to reach 10 A.
[Ans. 1000 V; 0·23 s1
88. The 1-/LF storage capacitor of a 7S-kV supply is automatically

PROBLEMS 88-92 27
discharged, as the supply is switched off, by connecting a 10-MO
resistor across it. Find the time taken for the voltage to fall to 100 V,
the maximum current and the energy dissipated in the resistor.
rAns. 66s; 7·5 rnA; 2820 J]
89. The voltage of a supply connected across the terminals of a 100-

fLF capacitor is changing at a uniform rate of lOOV S-1. What is the
supply current?
[Ans. lOrnA]
90. An 8-jLF capacitor and a 500-11 resistor are suddenly connected
in series across a 200-V d.c. supply. Find:
(a) the initial current.
(b) the final current.
(c) the capacitor voltage as a function of time.
(d) the final energy stored in the capacitor.
(e) the energy dissipated by the resistor.
[Ans. (a) 0·4 A; (b) 0; (c) 200(1 - e- 250t);

{d) 0·16J; (e) 0·16 J]
91. A 10-H inductor and a l-kO resistor are connected in parallel

across a 200-A current source. The current supply is then suddenly
switched off. Find (after switching off):
(a) the initial values of current and voltage in the resistor. (b)
the circuit time constant.
(c) the energy lost in the resistor.
[Ans. (a) 200 A; 200 kV; (b) IOms; (c) 2 X lOs J]
92. A simple glow-discharge-tube time base· for a cathode-ray

oscillograph employs a 300-kO resistor and a 0'016-jLF capacitor. The
striking and extinction voltages of the glow-discharge tube are 170 V
and 140 V respectively. Calculate the frequency of the time base if the
supply voltage is 200 V.
[Ans. 300 Hz]
• A few other problems on simple time bases may be found in the book: F. A.
Benson, Problems in Electronics with Solutions, Spon, 4th Edition, 1965,
Chapter 15.
CHAPTER TWO
SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUITS
93. An e.mJ. e1 = 50 sin wt and an e.mJ. e2 = 30 sin (wt - 7T/6) act

together in the same circuit. Find the resultant e.mJ. by calcula tion and
graphically.
[Ans. 77·5 sin (wt - 11° 10')]
94. The total e.mJ. acting in a circuit is e 1 = 50 sin wt. The voltage
drop in one part of the circuit is e2 = 30 sin (wt - 7T/6). Find the
voltage drop in the rest of the circuit by calculation and graphically.
[Ans. 28·3 sin (wt + 31° 59')]
95. The following four e.m.f.'s act together in the same circuit: e 1 =
10 sin wI.
e2 = 8 sin (wt + 7T/3).

e3 = 4 sin (wI - 7T/6).
e4 = 6 sin (wI + 37T/4).
Find the resultant e.m.f. by calculation and graphically. [Ans.
16·09 sin (wt + 34° 45')]
96. Using the same four e.mJ.'s as in Question 95, calculate the
e.m.f. represented by el - e2 + e3 - e4'
[Ans. 19 sin (wt - 43° 51 ')]
97. Current flows through a series circuit consisting of two imped

ances AB and BC. The current lags by 30° behind the voltage of 150 V
between A and B and leads by 50° on the voltage of 180 V between
Band C. Find the voltage between A and C.
[Ans. 254 V lagging current by 14° 26']
PROBLEMS 98-104 29
98. If the voltage represented by V = 140 sin wt is connected to a
non-inductive resistance of 8 n, calculate the maximum value of the
current and plot a curve showing the variation of this current with
time. The frequency of the applied voltage is 50 Hz.
[Ans. 17·5 A]
99. A choking coil takes 10 A when connected to an a.c. supply of

230 V, 50 Hz. If the resistance of the coil is 2 n, find its inductance
and the phase difference between the applied voltage and current.
[Ans. 0·073 H; 85°]
100. A coil of negligible resistance has an inductance of 0·01 H.

A voltage represented by 140 sin wt is applied to it, the frequency
being 50 Hz. Calculate th~ current flowing through the coil and plot
the curves of voltage and current with time. .
[Ans. 44·5 sin (wt - 11'/2)]
101. A voltage represented by 280 sin wt is applied to a coil

having a resistance of 20 n and an inductance of 0·02 H. The
frequency is 50 Hz. Calculate the maximum value of the current and
plot the curves of voltage and current with time. Find also the angle
of phase difference between the voltage and the current.
[Ans. 13·4 A; 17° 26']
102. An alternating voltage of 200 V r.m.s. value at a frequency of

50 Hz is applied to a circuit consisting of a coil whose resistance is 2
n and inductance 0·01 H. Find the current flowing and its angle of
lag behind the voltage.
[Ans. 53·8 A; 57° 30']
103. A coil having an inductance of 0·05 H and a resistance of 10
n is connected to a voltage of 200 V maximum value at a frequency
of 50 Hz. Calculate the current and the. angle of phase difference
between the voltage and the current.
[Ans. 10·74 A; 57° 30']
104. A voltage represented by 150 sin wt is applied to a capacitor

of capacitance 24f.tF. The frequency is 25 Hz. Calculate the
maximum value of the current flowing through the capacitor and
plot curves of current and voltage with time.
[Ans. 0'566 A]
105. A circuit consisting of a coil having an inductance of 0·25 H

and a resistance of 3 Q is arranged in series with a capacitor of
capacitance 20 fLF. Calculate at what frequency resonance will take
place and the current flowing if an alternating voltage of 40 V at the
resonant frequency is applied to the circuit. Find also the voltage across
the capacitor.
[Ans. 71·2 Hz; 13·33 A; 1491 V]
106. A circuit consisting of a choking coil having an inductance of

0·05 H and a resistance of 10 Q is connected to a 200--V r.m.s. supply
at a frequency of 50 Hz and having a sine-wave shape. Draw curves
showing the voltage applied, the current, and the power used in the
circuit during a half cycle. Estimate the average power expended in the
circuit. Calculate also the angle of lag of the current behind the voltage
and the power-factor.
[Ans. 1160 W; 57° 30'; 0'5373]
107. A coil of inductance 0·64 H and resistance 40 Q is connected in

series with a capacitor of capacitance 12 fLF.
Estimate:
(a) The frequency at which resonance will occur.
(b) The voltage across the coil and capacitor, respectively, and also
the supply voltage when a current of 1·5 A at the resonant frequency is
flowing.
(c) The three voltages in (b) with a current of 1·5 A flowing at a
frequency of 50 Hz.
[Ans. (a) 57·5 Hz; (b) 352 V; 346·4 V; 60 V;
(c)307 V; 398 V; 111 V]
108. The following particulars are for a certain coil:

Inductance 0·0271 H.
Resistance 10 Q.
A voltage of 110 V r.m.s. at frequency 50 Hz is connected to the coil.
Show that the power absorbed is given by both RI2 and VI cos rp and
is 702 W.
109. A choking coil is required to enable a number of incandescent

(non-inductive) lamps to take 3·2 A at 110 V from an a.c. supply of
PROBLEMS 109-115 31 210 V. If the resistance of the coil is 4 n, find
its reactance and com pare its efficiency with that of a series resistor for
the same purpose. [Ans. 53·2 n; 89·6 %; 52·4 %]
110. A coil of inductance 0·03 H and resistance I n is placed in

series with a capacitor of capacitance 200 fLF. Calculate at what
frequency resonance will take place. If a voltage of I V is applied to the
circuit, plot current as a function of frequency. If the coil is replaced by
another one having the same inductance but a resistance of 0·5 n, plot
the new current-frequency curve.
[Ans. 65 Hz]
111. A coil of resistance I n and impedance 8·06 n is placed in

series with a second coil of resistance 1·24 n. When a voltage of 200 V
is applied to the circuit the current flowing is 6·3 A. Find the induct
ance of the second coil. The frequency' of the supply is 50 Hz.
[Ans. 0·075 H]
112. A coil with resistance is placed in series with a non-inductive

resistance of 3 n. When a voltage of 104 V is applied to the circuit,
the voltage across the coil is 66 V and that across the resistor 50 V.
Calculate the power absorbed by the coil and its power-factor.
[Ans. 660 W; 0'6]
113. When a d.c. voltage of30 V is applied to a given coil the power
consumed is 150 W. When an a.c. voltage of 230 V r.m.s. is applied to
the same coil the power consumed is 3174 W. Show that the reactance
of the coil is 8 n.
114. Two coils each take a current of 4 A when connected to a l00-

V, 50-Hz supply and the powers dissipated in them are 240 W and 320
W respectively. Find the current taken and the power-factor when the
coils are connected in series with the lOO-V, 50-Hz supply.
[Ans. 2·02 A; 0'707]
115. A circuit consisting of an inductive coil and a capacitor in

series is connected across a 200-V variable frequency supply. An
ammeter in the circuit reads 4 A when the frequency is 50 Hz and
again when the frequency is 100 Hz. The current is 5 A at the resonant
frequency.
Determine:
(a) the resistance of the coil,
(b) the inductance of the coil,
(c) the capacitance ofthe capacitor.
[Ans. 40 Q; 0·0955 H; 53 pF]
116. A coil of resistance 10 Q and inductance 1 H is connected in

series with a 16-pF capacitor across a l00-V, variable-frequency
supply.
Calculate the current drawn from the supply, the power-factor, the
power, the voltage across the inductance and the voltage across the
capacitance when the frequency is (a) 35 Hz, (b) resonant.
[Ans. (a) 1·53 A; 0·153; 23·4 W; 337 V; 435 V;
(b) 10 A; 1; 1000 W; 2502 V; 2500 V]
117. An a.c. circuit ABCD consists of a resistor AB, an inductor BC

and a resistor CD, connected in series across a 200-V, 50-Hz supply.
The current flowing is 10 A.
The voltages are as follows:
Across AB 80 V.
Across BC 100 V.
Across AC 145 V.
Draw a voltage phasor diagram to scale and determine (a)
the voltage across BD,
(b) the inductance and resistance of the inductor, (c)
the power-factor of the circuit.
[Ans. (a) 135·6 V; (b) 0·03 H; 2·890.; (c) 0'88]
118. Draw the dual of the series circuit illustrated.

PROBLEMS 119-123 33
119. Calculate the total current taken by the following two coils in
parallel and the phase difference between it and the applied voltage.
Coil 1 carries 12 A lagging 30° behind the applied voltage. Coil 2
carries 22 A lagging 45° behind the applied voltage. [Ans. 33·74 A;
39° 45']
120. A capacitor is placed in parallel with a coil having an induct

ance of 0·03 H and a resistance of 5 Q across a supply of 200 V at a
frequency of 50 Hz. The current passing through the capacitor is 32 A
leading the applied.JVoltage by 90°. Calculate the total current flowing
in the external circuit and the phase difference between it and the
applied voltage.
[Ans. 17'75 A; 60° 21' leading the voltage]
121. A capacitor passing 32·3 A leading by 90° on the applied voltage

is placed in parallel with two coils, one of which carries 10 A lagging
30° behind the applied voltage and the other carries 20 A lagging 60°
behind the applied voltage. Calculate the total current flowing in the
external circuit and its angle of phase displacement. Is the current
leading or lagging with respect to the applied voltage? [Ans:21'18 A;
28° 12'; leading]
122. A sinusoidal 50-Hz voltage, of 200 V r.m.s., supplies the

following three circuits which are in parallel:
(a) a coil of inductance 0·03 H and resistance 3 n.
(b) a capacitor of 400 p,F in series with a resistance of 100 n. (c) a
coil of inductance 0·02 H and resistance 7 n in series with a capacitor
of 300 p,F.
Determine the total current supplied and draw a complete phasor
diagram.
[Ans. 29·5 A lagging the applied voltage by
an angle of 12° 22']
123. Two coils are connected in parallel across a 200-V, 50-Hz

supply. At the supply frequency their impedances are 6 and 10 Q
respectively and their resistances are 2 and 3 Q respectively. Calculate:
(a) The current in each coil.
(b) The total current.
(c) The total power-factor.
34 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS Draw a
complete phasor diagram for the system.

[Ans. (a) 33·3 A lagging applied voltage by 70° 32'
20 A lagging applied voltage by 72° 32'
(b) 53·3 A lagging applied voltage by 71° 16'
(c) 0'32]
124. For the parallel circuit shown obtain graphically the total
current supplied.
10A p.f.= 1
20A p.f. =0·8

~111 ~
p.f.= 0.;. II [Ans. 35·6 A]
200V
125. Three circuits A, Band C are connected in parallel across a

200-V a.c. supply. Circuit A consists of a bank of lamps taking a
current of 10 A at unity power-factor, B consists of an inductive
resistor taking a current of 20 A at a power-factor of 0·8 and C consists
of a resistor and capacitor in series taking a current of 10 A at a power-
factor of 0·9.
Find the power supplied to the whole circuit and the power factor.
[Ans. 7000 W; 0'977]
126. Two coils are connected in parallel across a 200-V, 50-Hz

supply. At the supply frequency their impedances are 5 nand 9 n
respectively and their resistances are both 3 n.
PROBLEMS 126-130
35
Calculate:
( c) The power-factor of the whole arrangement.
Sketch a complete phasor diagram for the system.
[Ans. (a) 40 A; 22·2 A, (b) 61·54 A, (c) 0·51]
127. A coil of resistance 10 Q and inductance 0·02 H is placed in

parallel with a l00-[LF capacitor across a 200-V, r.m.s. 50-Hz,
sinusoidal supply. Find the total current supplied and the power factor
of the arrangement.
If a second capacitor is then placed in parallel with the first one,
what value of capacitance must it have so that the total current supplied
is in phase with the input voltage?
[Ans. 14·57 A; 0·98 lagging; 43 p.F]
128. A resistance coil of 1000 has an inductance of 20 p.H. What

value of the effective self-capacitance would make it accurately non-
inductive at a frequency of 50 Hz?
Would this coil be accurate if used in a circuit carrying a current at a
frequency of 1 MHz?
[Ans. 0·002 p.F; No.]
129. Estimate the current that will flow through a coil having an
inductance of 0·02 H and a resistance of 5 n when connected to a 200-
V supply at a frequency of 50 Hz. Find the capacitance of a capacitor
which, when connected in series with a 5-0 resistor, will take the same
current as the coil. Find, also, the current taken by the two circuits
when connected in parallel.
[Ans. 24·9 A; 508 p.F; 31 A]
130. An inductance coil takes a current of lOA when it is connected

across the 200-V, 50-Hz supply. When the coil is connected in parallel
with a non-inductive resistor of 25 0 across the same supply, the total
current is 15 A. Find, graphically, the power-factors of the coil and the
parallel combination of coil and resistor.
Calculate the capacitance which is necessary to give unity power
factor in the above parallel circuit, the capacitance being placed also
across the supply voltage.
[Ans. 0·39; 0·79; 147 p.F]
36 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS 131. A coil
having a resistance of 1 n and a reactance of 1 n is shunted by a
resistance of 1 n. The combination is connected in series with an
inductive reactance of 1 n. Draw to scale a complete phasor diagram
for the arrangement and determine the applied voltage necessary' to
give a current of 1 A in the coil and show that it leads this current by
90°.
[Ans. 3 V]
132. A piece of equipment consumes 2000 W when supplied with

110 V and takes a lagging current of 25 A. Determine the equivalent
series resistance and reactance of the equipment.
If a capacitor is connected in parallel with the equipment to make
the power-factor unity, find its capacitance. The supply frequency
is 100 Hz. [Ans. 3·2 n; 3·02 n; 248 ttF]
133. A coil having an impedance of 25 n and a resistance of 15 Q is

connected in parallel with a non-inductive resistance of 10 Q. Calculate
the total admittance, conductance and susceptance.
[Ans. 0·128 S; 0·124 S; 0·032 S]
134. For the circuit shown calculate the following particulars: (a)
the impedance of branch AB.
(b) the admittance of branch AB.
(c) the impedance of branch CD.
(d) the admittance of branch CD.
(e) the total conductance.
(j) the total susceptance.
(g) the resultant admittance.
20ll 30ll
B
A ..... -c:=:J_....rrrY\
5ll 60ll
co
[Ans. 36 Q; 0·0278 S; 60·2 Q; 0·0167 S; 0·0167 S;
0·0397 S; 0·043 S]
PROBLEMS 135-140 37 135. If a coil with reactance 10 n and resistance
50 .0 is placed in series with the circuit of Question 134, find the
equivalent resistance, reactance and impedance of the whole arrangement.
[Ans. 59.0; 31'5.0; 66·9.0]
136. An admittance of 0'2S is connected in parallel with a pure reactance

the susceptance of which is 0·15S. The combined ad mittance is 0·314S.
Prove that the resistance in the circuit is 4 .0.
137. Prove that the combined impedance of a resistance R and a

2
reactance X in parallel is RX/.J(R + X2).
138. Two coils are connected in parallel across a voltage of 300 V. The
frequency is 50 Hz. At the ·supply frequency the impedances of the coils
are 8 .0 and 11 .0 respectively and their resistances are 7 .0 and 4 .0
respectively.
Calculate:
(v) The total power-factor.
[Ans. 37·5 A; 27·3 A; 61·2 A; 0·697]
139. If a capacitor of capacitance 120 pF is connected in parallel with

the coils of Question 138 across the same voltage find the total current.
[Ans. 53·4 A]
140. A voltage of 200 V at a frequency of 50 Hz is applied to the circuit

shown. Find the total current supplied.
38 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS R = 12!l,x =12il
300flF
R = 3!l, x = 5!l
[Ans. 28 A]
141. Use (a) Millman's Theorem and (b) the Generalized Form of
Norton's Theorem to find the current through impedance Z3 in the network
shown.
142. A half-wave rectifier has a voltage given by 100 sin wt applied to

it. Estimate the average voltage on the d.c. side.
[Ans. 31·83 V]
143. The instantaneous values of an alternating current between the

angles of 0 and 90° are given in the following table. Draw the graph
PROBLEMS 143-147 39
and find the current which would be shown by an ammeter reading r.m.s.
values placed in the circuit. The curve is symmetrical about the axis
through 90°.
Angle o. • I 0 1_6_1-==-1~1_~~_t~J~I~ Current (A) .1 0

9·5 I 16 1 20.5 1 22'51 22'5 I 21·5 I 19
I
Angle o. 48 54 I 60 I 66 72 I 78 184 I 90 Current (A) 16

~1~1~~i~I~I-15- [Ans. 16·3 A]
144. (a) Prove that for a sinusoidal waveform the form factor is 1·11.
(b) Determine the r.m.s. value of a semi-circular waveform which has a
maximum value of E.
[Ans. 0·816 E]
145. Find the relative heating effects of two current waves which have
the same maximum value, if one is sinusoidal and the other rectangular in
waveform.
[Ans. 2; 1]
146. Show that the r.m.s. value of a triangular waveform of maximum

value E is E/.}3 and is independent of the lengths and slopes of the sides.
147. Find the r.m.s. and average values of the wave illustrated.
__ x
-1
-2
-3
[Ans. 2'45; 0'751

40 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS 148. Determine
the r.m.s. value of the current wave illustrated.
-'1 ~
.....
CIt
! -rr/2 1T
-10
[Ans. 10 A]
149. The three-ammeter method is used to measure the power in an

inductive load. The current in the main circuit is 6 A while the currents
in the standard resistor and the load are 3 A and 4 A respectively. The
supply voltage is 200 V.
Draw a phasor diagram for the arrangement and calculate the power
absorbed by the load and its power-factor.
[Ans. 366·4 W; 0'458]
150. The three-voltmeter method is used to measure the power in an

inductive load. The voltage across the load is 210 V, that across the
standard resistor 180 V and the supply voltage is 290 V.
Draw a phasor diagram for the arrangement and calculate the power-
factor of the load. Show that in order to calculate the power in the load
either the current in the circuit or the value of the standard resistor
must be known.
[Ans.O·l]
151. (a) One method of measuring power-factor is to use a watt

meter connected as shown. Let the voltage, current and power-factor of
the load be V, I and cos eP respectively. Let the voltage coil of the
wattmeter have a resistance R and a negligible reactance. If the
readings of the wattmeter with the switch S closed and open are WI
and W2 respectively, show that:
_2 W = .j 222 n cos [eP - tan _1 l/wCR] In - cos eP WI [R

+(1/w C)] R where w = 2-rr x frequency.
PROBLEMS 151-153 41 oO-------Ic -1(-0

R
I s
~~y _ ~ad
o~--.r::::::-------------~o
(b) If the circuit is arranged such that R = l/wC, show that the power-
z
factor cos c/lis given by l/J(4a - 4a + 2) where a = W2 /Wi •
152. A wattmeter was tested against an accurate standard one. The

deflection with a given continuous load current was 50 divisions. With
an alternating current of frequency 100 Hz the deflection was 52
divisions for the same power at a power-factor 0·707 (450 lagging
current). Determine the inductance of the wattmeter shunt circuit if
its resistance is 2000 n.
[Ans. 0·133 H]
153. In the circuit illustrated the wattmeter is connected for

measuring power. The voltage applied to the circuit is 30 V at a
frequency of 50 Hz and a 3-(J.F capacitor is connected in parallel with
part of the wattmeter shunt circuit as indicated. The readings of the
wattmeter are (a) Wi when the switch S is open and (b) Wz when S is
closed.
Derive an expression for the angle oflag of the phasor representing
the current passing to the load referred to the voltage phasor, in terms
of Wi and Wz.
301(
Load
154. A wattmeter is connected for measuring power in an alternat ing-

current circuit. The applied voltage is 30 V at a frequency of 50 Hz. A coil
of inductance 0·5 H and negligible resistance is connected in parallel with
the voltage coil as illustrated in the diagram. The wattmeter readings
are (a) W1 when switch S is open and (b) Wz when S is closed.
Derive a formula for calculating, from these wattmeter readings, the
phase difference between the load-current and voltage phasors when the
load current lags the applied voltage.
30V
Load
[ Ans. tan _1 (0'89 - 2'1 ;:) ]
155. Determine the values of the admittance and the current source
which result in a constant-current circuit being equivalent to a constant-
voltage circuit of e.m.f. E and internal impedance Z.
[Ans. liZ; EIZ]
156. A coil having a constant resistance of 4 a and an inductive

reactance which can be varied between the limits 0 and 10 a is connected
to a sinusoidal supply of 100 V maximum value. Draw the locus diagrams
for the current and the impedance when the inductive reactance is varied.
157. A circuit consisting of a 50-0 resistor in series with a variable
reactor is shunted by a 100-0 resistor. Draw the locus of the extremity of
the total-current phasor to scale and determine the reactance and current
corresponding to the minimum overall power-factor, the supply voltage
being 100 V.
[Ans. 86·5 0; 1·732 A]
PROBLEMS 158-161 43
158. Two impedances of ZI and Z2 are connected in parallel across
a 200-V, 50-Hz supply. The impedance Zl consists of a 50-0 resistor
in series with a 0'2-H inductor, while Z2 consists of a variable resistor
R ohms in series with a O'I-H inductor.
Show that the extremity of the total current phasor describes a
circular locus as the resistance R is varied, and draw the diagram to
scale. Determine the value of R to give the maximum power, and the
corresponding total current and power-factor. What is the maximum
power?
[Ans. 31'40; 7 A; 0·68; 952 W]
159. For the circuit illustrated draw the locus of the total-current
phasor to scale and then det~rmine the maximum power and the
corresponding values of R and the power-factor.
II
R
[Ans.4000W; 100;0,82]
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
160. Find the resultant e.mJ., both by calculation and graphically, if

the following e.mJ.'s are added together:
el = 20 sin wt, e2 = 10 sin (wt + 11'/6), e3 = 15 cos wt, e4
= 10 sin (wt - 11'/3), es = 25 cos (wt + 211'/3)
[Ans. 12·1 sin (wt - 0'096)]
161. Find the sum of the following voltages: VI = 50 sin wt, V2 = 40
sin (wt + 60°), V3 = 60 sin (wt - 30°).
[Ans. 122 sin (wt + 2'2°)]
162. Draw a complete phasor diagram for the series circuit shown,
indicating the various resistance and reactance voltage drops, the
voltages Vi and V2, the supply voltage and the current. The diagram
need not be drawn to scale but a brief explanation of it should be given.
Find the magnitudes of the voltages Vi and V2 and the current.
Calculate also the power-factor of the circuit.
10n
VI
200-V, 50-Hz supply
[Ans. 149 V; 115 V; 4·53 A; 0'679]
163. An inductive coil, in series with a non-inductive resistor, takes

a current of 5 A when connected to a lOO-V, a.c. supply. The voltages
across the coil and resistor are 80 V and 30 V respectively. Find the
power-factor and power for (a) the whole circuit (b) the coil alone.
[Ans. (a) 0'75; 375 W,
(b) 0'56; 225 Wl
164. A series circuit consists ofa 50-Q resistor, a 2·5-mH inductor

and a 250-fLfLF capacitor. A sinusoidal voltage of constant amplitude
is connected to the series circuit and its frequency varied over a range
including the resonant frequency. Calculate the frequency at which
resonance will occur and the difference between the two frequencies at
which the current is one half of the maximum value.
[Ans. 201 kHz; 5·5 kHz]
165. A coil of resistance 4 Q and inductance 0·3 H is connected in

series with a 30-fLF capacitor across a 50-V a.c. supply. Find the
supply frequency for resonance, the supply current and the voltage
across the capacitor.
[Ans. 53 Hz; 12·5 A, 1251 V]
166. A coil takes 6 A and dissipates 200 W when connected to a

lOO-V, 50-Hz, supply, while another coil takes 8 A and dissipates 600
W when connected to a similar supply.
PROBLEMS 166-171 45
Calculate (a) the current taken (b) the power dissipated and (c) the
circuit power-factor when the coils are joined in series and connected
to a 200-V, SO-Hz supply.
[Ans. (a) 7·07 A; (b) 746 W; (c) 0'S3]
167. A circuit ABD consists of: AB-a l00-n resistor, BCD-a 50-n
resistor BC in series with a I-ftF capacitor CD, BED-a l00-n resistor
BE in series with a 25-mH inductor ED. A lOO-V lOOO-Hz a.c. supply
is connected across AD.
Determine the current taken and its power-factor. [Ans. 0·328 A;
0'987]
168. Two circuits P and Q are connected in parallel across a 2S0-V,
50-Hz supply. P consists of a 50-n resistor in series with a 0'15-H
inductor. Q comprises a 3S-n resistor in series with a 50-ftF capacitor.
Calculate the current in each circuit, the total current and the total
power-factor.
Sketch a complete pha,sor diagram for the arrangement. [Ans.
3·64 A; 3·44 A; 4·34 A; 0'993]
169. Two circUits are connected in parallel across a 230-V, 50-Hz

mains supply. The first one consists of a 50-n resistor in series with a
0'2-H inductor; the second comprises a 40-n resistor in series with a
SO-ftF capacitor.
Evaluate the total current supplied to the arrangement and sketch the
phasor diagram.
[Ans. 3 ·43 A leading the supply voltage by an angle of 5° 51']
170. A parallel combination of circuits is made up as follows:

Branch 1: Resistance 5 n, inductance 40 mH,
Branch 2: Resistance 6 n, capacitance 300 ftF,
Branch 3: Resistance of 10 n only.
Determine the current in each branch if the combination is con nected
across a 200-V, 50-Hz supply. Sketch the phasor diagram. Find
graphically, or by calculation, the total current and its phase angle.
[Ans. 14·8 A; 16·4 A; 20 A; 33·54 A; 54' leading the supply
voltage]
171. A 0·32-H inductor having a resistance of l00nisconnected
across a 100-V, 50-Hz supply. Draw a phasor diagram for the arrange
ment and from it determine the magnitude and phase of the current.
A capacitor is to be connected to the inductor to reduce the
phase angle of the current from the source to 30°. Use the phasor
diagram to find the value of capacitance required and show how
the capacitor would be connected to the circuit.
[Ans. 0·707 A; lags voltage by 45°; 75·3 fLF]
172. A lOO-V, l00-W lamp is correctly operated from a 240-V,

50-Hz supply by connecting it in series with an inductor L. A
capaci tor C is connected across the supply to make the power-
factor unity. Find the values of Land C.
If a second similar lamp is connected in parallel with the first
find the. new supply frequency necessary to operate the lamps
correctly and the phase of the supply current.
[Ans. 0·694 H; 12·2 fJ-F; 25 Hz; 58·6° lagging]
173. An alternating voltage of 100 V r.m.s. is applied to the follow

ing circuit. Find the current in each limb, the total current
(magnitude and phase) from the generator, and the power
dissipated in the circuit.
Ion
100V 20n
...
..
... 10n
r
[Ans. 5 A in phase with the voltage;
7 ·07 A lagging by 45°;
11·2 A lagging by 26.6°; 1000 W]
174. Show that the instantaneous current i in the circuit

illustrated is:
PROBLEMS 174-177
47 Give a sketch of a phasor diagram for the
system showing the applied voltage, the two branch currents and the
resultant current.
RC
Vsinwt
175. The circuit shown is driven as a parallel resonant circuit by an

a.c. voltage source V connected between A and C. Show that the
voltages and currents remain the same if V is replaced by an a.c.
current source 1 = V.J(C/L) inserted into link AB.
A,.----....... B
D~----"
176. A capacitor is connected in parallel with a coil of resistance

200 and inductance 0·07 H across a 50-Hz supply. Find the capaci
tance necessary to produce resonance.
[Ans. 79·2 p.F]
177. A IOO-V, 500-Hz supply is connected across circuit (a). Draw a

phasor diagram for the circuit. A second coil is now joined in series as
in (b). By adding suitable phasors to the diagram find the voltage
required across the whole circuit to maintain 100 V across P Y. ~

(0)
~ (b)
p [Ans. 210 V]
y
lH
178. Find the equivalent resistance, reactance and impedance of the

whole arrangement illustrated.
R=15fi X = 25fi
R=50n
X=20fi
[Ans. 57·6 Q; 37·2 Q; 68'60]
179. Use (a) mesh analysis (b) nodal analysis to prove the validity
of the Superposition Theorem for a restricted set of conditions which
will suggest that the general proof is simply an enlargement of the
logic followed. *
180. Verify the Reciprocity Theorem by proving that only one value
of transfer imptJdance is associated with two pairs of terminals of a
network. *
181. Write down the nodal equations for a linear network with n
independent nodes if II' 12 ... In are the generator currents and VI, V2
... Vn are the various node voltages. The node admittances are Y u , Y22
, Y21 , etc.
••• Ynn and the mutual admittances are Y12
Give the solution for any node voltage Vk in determinant form and
define the open-circuit transfer and input impedances.
[Ans. II = Yu VI + Y12 V2 + ... + Y1nVn

12 = Y21 V1 + Y22 V2 + ... + Y2nVn
13 = Y31 VI + Y32V2 + ... + Y3nVn
In = Yn1 VI + 'Yn2 V2 + ... + YnnVn;

Vk = YU Y12 ••• Y1/c- 1 'I Y1/c+1 ... YIn
Y21 Y22 ••• Y2k- 1 12 Y2k+1 ••• Y2n
Yn1 Y n2 . . Ynk- 1 In Ynk+1 ... Y nn

~
..d
*The solutions to these problems can be found in the book by W. H. Midden dorf
AnalysiS 0/ Electric Circuits, Wiley. 1956.
PROBLEMS 181-186
49
where.1 = Y11 Y12 Y13 ••• Yin I

Y21 Y22 Y23 ···< Y2n
Y n1 ;n·2· Y n3 ••• .;J

182. Calculate the r.m.s. value of the resultant current in a conductor
which carries simultaneously a direct current of 1 A and a sinusoidal
alternating current having a maximum value of 1 A.
[Ans. 1·22 A]
183. The current in a certain circuit has a waveform containing a

20% third harmonic, the fundamental having an amplitude of 100 A.
Determine the r.m.s. value of the current. Sketch the shape of the
waveform of the current which you would expect to observe on the
screen of an oscillograph assuming that the third harmonic leads 30°
on the fundamental.
[Ans. 70·1 A]
184. Find the r.m.s. value of the voltage which increases linearly
from 0 to 5 V in Is, drops to zero in negligible time and then repeats
the variation.
[Ans. 2·887 V]
185. The voltage applied to a resistance of 1000 varies as n

follows:
(a) increases uniformly from zero to 500 V in 5 p,s.
(b) remains constant for Ip,s.
(c) falls to zero uniformly in 50 p,s.
The cycle is repeated every 1000 p,s.
Find the r.m.s. current. [Ans. 0·08 A] 186. Determine the r.m.s.
value of the voltage wave illustrated. v = 10 sin wt volts
-- wt
-10V ----------- [Ans. 6·46 V]

50 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS 187. A clipped
full-wave rectifier waveform is illustrated .
--,
.....
",",",
7T 27T wt
-
If e = E--/2, determine the average and r.m.s. values of the
waveform.
If e = E/2, what is the r.m.s. value?
[Ans. 0'54 E; 0·58 E; 0·44 E)
188. The output-voltage waveform from a controlled rectifier is as

illustrated, where the delay angle is 7T/3. Determine the average and
r.m.s. values of the waveform.
[Ans. 0·48 E; 0·63 E)
189. The power absorbed by an inductive load is measured by the

three-ammeter method. The current in the main circuit is 5·6 A while
the currents in the standard resistor and the load are 2·5 A and 4 A
respectively. The supply voltage is 300 V. Calculate the power
absorbed by the load and its power-factor.
[Ans. 550 W; 0'458]
190. The power absorbed by an inductive load is measured by the

three-voltmeter method, the voltage across the load is 200 V, that
across the standard resistor 180 V and the supply voltage is 300 V.
Calculate the power-factor of the load.
[Ans. 0·244]
PROBLEMS 191-193 51 191. * Derive the conditions of balance for an
a.c. bridge the arms of which are as follows:
AB an iron-cored choke, resistance r, inductance L. BC a variable
capacitor C1 in series with a variable resistor R1• CD a mica
capacitor Cz.
DA a standard resistor S.
For a given choke, component Cz = 0·057 fLF,
values: C1 = 0·31 fLF, S = 34700.
Rl = 131000,
balance was obtained with the
following
Find the inductance and resistance of the choke.
[Ans. r = SCzIC1 ; L = SCZR1 ; 2·59 H; 638 0]
192. A bridge network ABCD is set up to measure the inductance

and resistance of an rJ. choke. The bridge is supplied from a 10-V, I-
kHz, low-impedance source and the high-impedance detector gives a
minimum discernible indication for an input of 2 m V.
At balance the other arms are made up as follows: BC
resistance of 100 n.
CD capacitance of 0·961 fLF shunted by a resistance of 1195 n.
DA resistance of 100 n.
Determine the inductance and resistance of the choke and the
maximum possible errors in these values.
[Ans. 9·61 mH; 8'380; 0'086%; 0·61 %]
193. A generator has an e.mJ. that may be represented by E = 120

LO° V and an internal equivalent series impedance of Z = (1 + j2) O.
Determine the equivalent current generator, the terminal voltages if a
load Z/ = (6 - j8) n is connected to each generator, the efficiency of
each generator at that load and the regulation of each generator.
[Ans. The equivalent generator is made up of a source pro ducing
a current {53'6 L -6304°} A in parallel with an admittance
{0'447 / -63'4°} S; {130/ -12'6°}V; 85·7 % for constant-
voltage source; 18·3 % for constant current source; -7'7%]
• A number of problems on a.c. bridges, with their solutions, can be found in the
book: F. A. Benson, Problems in Electronics with Solutions, Spon, 4th edition,
1965, Chapter 24.
194. Change the constant-current generator illustrated to a con stant-

voltage one.
t Y: (O·1-jO·2)S
I: (10Lff)A
[Ans. An e.mJ. E = {44·7 L63'5°} V in series with an

impedance Z = {4'47 L63'5°} Q]
195. An a.c. circuit, supplied at 100 V, 50 Hz, consists of a variable

resistor in series with a fixed lOO-ftF capacitor. Show that the
extremity of the current phasor moves on a circle. Determine the
maximum power dissipated in the circuit and the corresponding power-
factor and value of the resistor.
[Ans. 157 W; 0·707; 31·8 Q]
196. A variable non-inductive resistor R of maximum value 10 Q is

placed in series with a coil which has a resistance of 3 Q and a
reactance of 4 Q. The arrangement is supplied from a 240-V, a.c.
supply. Show that the locus of the extremity of the current phasor is a
semicircle. From the locus diagram calculate the current supplied when
R is 5 Q.
[Ans. 26·7 A]
197. A 20-Q reactor is connected in parallel with a series circuit

consisting of a reactor of reactance 10 Q and a variable resistor R.
Prove that the extremity of the total~current phasor moves on a circle if the
supply voltage is constant at 100 V r.m.s. What is the maximum
power-factor? Determine also the value of R when the power-factor has
its maximum value.
[Ans. 0'5; 17·3 Q]
198. Two circuits are connected in parallel. One circuit consists of a

l00-Q'resistor and the other of a 25-Q resistor in series with a fixed
capacitor. An alternating-current supply of 100 V amplitude and
variable frequency is connected across the combination.
PROBLEMS 198-200 53
Draw to scale the locus of the total current phasor and determine the
capacitor reactance when the phase-angle between the supply voltage
and current is a maximum.
[Ans. 56 OJ
199. A circuit having two branches in parallel is connected to a

230-V, 50-Hz supply. One branch consists of an inductive resistance
having R = 40 0 and L = 0·2 H. The other branch has an inductance
of 0·073 H in series with a variable resistance.
Draw to scale the locus diagram of the line current for all values of
the variable resistance between zero and infinity. Determine from the
diagram:
(a) The value of variable resistance for which the power-factor of
the circuit is a maximum,
(b) the power dissipated in each branch under this condition.
[Ans. (a) 65·50; (b) 384 Wand 1080 WJ
200. Draw the current locus of a circuit containing a variable
resistance in series with a reactance of 1 0, across which a constant
voltage of 200 V is applied. Find the current corresponding to a
maximum power input in watts and state the value of resistance
required to give the maximum power input.
[Ans. 141·4 A; 1 OJ
CHAPTER THREE
COMPLEX QUANTITIES AND

THEIR USE IN A.C. CIRCUITS
201. tRotate the complex number A = 3 + j4 through 53·2° clockwise.

[Ans.5 + jO]
202. Given
A = 3 +j4 = 5L53'2°
and
B = -12 -j5 = 13L202·6°
find
A + B, A - B, AB, A/B, A2, -JB and 10~A
[Ans. -9 - jl; 15 + j9; 65L255'8°;
0·385 L -149'4°; 25 LI06'4°; 3·6 L 101·3°
and 3'6L281'3°; 1·6 + jO'93]
203. Show that (12 + jI6)/(1O - j20) simplifies to (-0'4 + jO·8). 204.
Evaluate (60 + j40) + (30 + j30) and determine the modulus
and argument of the resultant. 205. Evaluate the following: (a)

(20 + j20)(60 - j30)
[Ans. 90 + j70; 114; 37° 53']
(b) (100 + j70)/(60 + jl0) and determine the modulus and argument
of the result.
[Ans. (a) 1800 + j600;
(b) 1·81 - jO'865; 2·0; 25° 30']
tReaders may wish to solve many of the problems given in Chapter 2 by

employing complex quantities.
PROBLEMS 206-211 5S
206. Find ZZ· if:
(a) Z == 3 - j4
(b) Z = 10L -40°
J
(c) Z = 2'5e- "j3
[Ans. 25; 100; 6'25]
207. If Z = 3 - j2, express Z, l/Z and Z2 in the polar form r LBO

[Ans. 3·6L -33° 41'; 0·277 L33° 41';
13L -67° 22']
208. Impedances Z1 = 4 - j3 and Z2 = 5 + j2 are connected in

parallel. Express their combined impedance in the form (a + jb).
[Ans. 2·94 - jO·45]
209. An impedance of (12 + j16) 0 is connected in parallel with

another of (10 - j20) 0 across 1J. supply of (120 + j160) V. Calculate
the current in each branch, the current from the supply and the overall
power-factor of the circuit.
[Ans. 10LO° A; 8'94L116° 34' A; IOL53° 8' A; I]
210. A capacitor of 150-JLF capacitance is connected in series with

two parallel branches A and B. Branch A consists of an 80-0 resistor, B
consists of a coil having an inductance of 0·2 H and negligible
resistance. The whole circuit is connected to a 230-V, 50-Hz source.
Find (a) the line current and its phase-difference from the supply
voltage, (b) the voltage across the capacitor.
[Ans. (a) 6·4 A, 30° 24' lagging,
(b) 136L -120° 24' V with respect to supply voltage]
211. A circuit is made up of a coil and a capacitor in series. The

impedance of the coil is (5 + j44)O and that of the capacitor is -j159
O. These impedances are calculated for a frequency of 50 Hz.
Calculate the current that will pass in this circuit and its phase
relation to the supply voltage when
(a) the supply voltage is 200 V at 50 Hz.
(b) the supply voltage is 200 V at 150 Hz.
[Ans. (a) 1·74 A; 87° 30' leading
(b) 2·53 A; 86° 23' lagging]
212. Two coils A and B are arranged in series. The voltage across
the circuit is 200 V at a frequency of 50 Hz. Coil A has an impedance
of 15·5 Q at this frequency and its resistance is 10 Q. The resistance of
coil B is 12·5 Q. If the current passing through the circuit is 5·5 A find
the inductance of coil B.
[Ans: 0·0532 H]
213. A circuit having an impedance given by (10 + j15)Q is

arranged in parallel with another circuit havIng an impedance given by
(8 - j25)Q. Estimate the current that will flow in each of these branches
and also the total current if a voltage of 200 V is applied. Find also the
inductance of the coil in the first circuit and the capacitance of the
capacitor in the second one if the frequency is 50 Hz.
[Ans. 11·3 A; 7·68 A; 8·7 A; 0·0478 H; 127·5 fLF]
214. Determine the current that will flow through a circuit with an
impedance of (15 + j12)Q when the applied voltage is 100 V; Give
the phase relationship of this current to the applied voltage.
A capacitor is put in parallel with this circuit. Find the reactance of this
capacitor that will make the power-factor of the two circuits taken
together equal to unity. If the frequency of the applied voltage is 50 Hz
evaluate the capacitance of the capacitor in microfarads. [Ans. 5·2 A;
38° 40' lagging; 30·75 Q; 103·5 fLF]
215. Three circuits are arranged in parallel across a 200-V, a.c.

supply at a frequency of 50 Hz. The impedances of the circuits are (12
+ jI5)Q, (10 + j20)Q, and (5 - j25)Q respectively. Calculate the
current in each branch and the total current passing to the arrangement
with their phase relations to the applied voltage. Find also the
inductances of the first two circuits and the capacitance of the third one
if the above impedances are calculated "for a frequency of 50 Hz.
[Ans. 10·4 A lagging by 51° 20'; 8·95 A lagging by 63° 26'; 7
·85 A leading by 78° 41'; 14·7 A lagging by 35°; 0·0478 H;
0·0637 H; 127 fLF]
216. The current in amperes in a circuit is given by (4·5 + j12)

when the applied voltage is (100 + jI50). Find (a) the complex
expression for the impedance, (b) the power, (c) the phase angle
PROBLEMS 216-222 57
between the current and the applied voltage. State whether the
current is leading or lagging.
[Ans. (a) (13'7 - j3'2)O; (b) 2250 W; (c) 13° 10' leading]
217. Three impedances of (70'7 + j70'7)O, (120 + j160)O and (120
+ j90)O respectively, are connected in parallel across a 250-V
supply. Calculate the admittance of the combination and the total
current taken. Determine, also, the value of the pure reactance
which, when connected across the supply, will bring the overall
power-factor to unity and find the new value of the total current.
Take the voltage applied as the reference phasor.
[Ans. {0'02l5 ~-44'3°}S;
{5·37 L -44'3°} A; -j66'60; 3·85 A]
218. A circuit consists of a coil represented by (2 + j50)O in
series with an imperfect capacitor. If the total circuit impedance is
(2'5 + j18·2)O and the frequency is 50 Hz, find the value of the
capacitance and its equivalent series resistance.
[Ans. 100 f'F; 0'50]
219. Find the parallel combination of resistance and capacitance

which takes the same current at the same power-factor from a 50-
Hz supply as an impedance of (17·3 - jto)O.
Would these circuits be equivalent at a different value of fre
quency?
[Ans. 23·1 0; 79·6 JLF; No.]
220. Two voltage sources, Vi = 100(1 - j) and V2 = 100(1 + j)

volts, of internal impedance Zi = 30(1 + j) and Z2 = 50(1 + }O)
ohms, respectively, are connected in parallel across an impedance
of Z3 = 20(1 + j5) ohms. Determine the magnitude of the current in
Z3 and its phase relationship to V2 •
[Ans. 0·503 A; 123° 6']
221. A parallel combination of resistance and inductance, which

has an admittance of (1·25 - jl'59)lO-2S, is connected in series with
a capacitor ofimpedance - (j21·2) 0 across a 230-V a.c. supply.
Calculate the magnitudes of the current taken from the supply and
the voltage across the capacitor.
[Ans. 6·42 A; 75·9 V]
222. Use (a) Kirchhoff's Laws, (b) Maxwell's Cyclic-Current
Rule to find the currents 11, 12 and 13 in the network illustrated. The
generator 100 V (r.m.s.) should be taken as (100 + jO) V acting in
the direction F to A.
(jl0)Il
A 10n B 12 C
(1 -1
1 2) Loop 2
Loop 1
li2 lon
10Il
10n 13
)[1
100V rv G H
(1 +1
Loop 3 2 3)
11
(-jl0)Il
f).
(3 (jl0)Il
(1 -1 -1
1 2 3)
F (jl0) Il E 0
10Il
[Ans. II = (2 - jI)A; 12 = (0·5 - jI'5)A; 13 = -(1 + j2)A]

223. Use Thevenin's Theorem to find the current in branch CD of
the circuit illustrated.
2Il
FE
2ft
10DV
B
o [Ans. 17·15 A]
224. Use the Principle of Superposition to find the current 12 in
the network shown.
11 12
[Ans. (3'92 + j5)A]
PROBLEMS 225-228
S9
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
225. Evaluate:
(a) (6 + j9) + (7 - jll)
(b) (100 - jl(0)/(8·66 + jS)
(c) (4 - j2) - (3 + j3)
(d) (2 + j3)( - 1 - j3)
fAns. (a) 13 - j2; (b) 3·66 - jI3·7; (c) 1 - jS; (d) 7 - j9]
226. Express the following in polar form:

(a) S - jl2
(b) -7 + j2
(c) -10 - jlO
(d) 6 + j2
[Ans. (a) 13L -67·3°; (b) 7·3LI64°;
(c) 14·1 L -13So; (d) 6·3 L 18·4°]
227. Evaluate the following:

(a) 6L15° - 4L 40° + 7 L -60°
(b) [50L600](7 - j9)
(c) (10 + j33)(4 + j5)(6 - j4)/(7 + j3)
(d) IOL53'10 + (4 + j2)
(e) ../(5 + j8)
(f) log. [20 L 45°]
[Ans. (a) 6·23 - j7·08 = 9·33L -48° 37';
(b) 571 L8° = 565 + j79·4;
(c) 209 L67° 45';
(d) 10 + jlO;
(e) 3'IL29°;
(f) 3 + j(1T/4)]
228. Show that:

(a) 3L22° + 4L112° = SL7S·lo
(b) (I + jl)4 = -4 + jO
(c) (3 - j2)/(l + j3) =
-0·3 - jl·1
60 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS 229. Express
the following in terms of their modulus and argu
ment: [Ans.2L300; 3.j2L45°; 4L _60°]
.j(3) + jl; 3 + j3; 2 - j2.j3
230. An alternating current is represented by the phasor (5 j6)A. +
Find the magnitude of this current and also the angle of phase
difference between it and a voltage represented by the phasor (200 -
j15)V. [Ans. 7·8 A; 52° 31 ']
231. Determine the complex input impedance at 10 kHz of:
(a) Circuit ABCD. Input terminals A and D with connections, A to B
= 50 n, B to C = 2 mH, B to D = 50 n, C to D = 50n.
(b) Circuit WXYZ. Input terminals Wand Z with connections. W to
X = 50 n, X to Y = 30 n, Y to Z = 1 mH, X to Z = 0·2/LF. [Ans.
(a) (90'4 + jI2)n; (b) (211 + j9·7)n]

232. Determine the admittance, impedance, total current and power-
factor of the following circuit:
1 ~~, ~':::, ~:::

[Ans. (4'65 + j5·58) 10- 3 S; (89·7 - jI07)n; 0·72 A; 0'635]
233. Prove that if R = .j(LjC) the impedance of the circuit illustrated

is independent of frequency, and determine the value of this
impedance. *
RR
c [Ans. R]
*Two similar problems with their solutions may be found in the following book:
F. A. Benson, Problems in Electronics with Solutions, Spon, 4th Edition, 1965,
Problems 23 and 24.
PROBLEMS 234-238 61
234. A series circuit consisting of a 20-0 resistor and an inductor of
100 reactance is connected in parallel with another circuit consisting
of a 10-0 resistor and a capacitor of 200 reactance in series. Reduce
the combination to a simple series circuit.
[Ans. 15-0 resistor in series with 5-0 capacitive reactance]
235. A 60-0 resistor, a coil of inductance (l/1T) henrys and a

capacitor C each take a supply current of amplitude I when sepa rately
connected across a 240-V supply of frequency f. Find I, f and C and
the total supply current taken by the three components connected
across the supply (a) in series, (b) in parallel.
[Ans. 4 A; 30 Hz; 88·4 (.IF; 4 A; 4 A]
236. Two voltage sources VI = 100(1 - jl)V and V2 = 100(1 +

jl)V, of internal impedance ZI = 30(1 + jl)O and Z2 = 50(1 + jO)O,
respectively, are connected in parallel across an impedance Z3 = 20(1
+ j5)0. Find the magnitude of the current in Z3 and its phase
relationship to V2 •
[Ans. 0·503 A; 1230 6']
237. Three impedances (5 - j6)il, (3 + j4)il and (0 - j3)il are

connected in parallel. Evaluate the total admittance of the arrange
ment.
[Ans. (0·202 + jO·27I) S]
238. For the circuit illustrated evaluate the currents in AB, BCE and
BDE. Calculate also the voltage between points C and D.
C
1011
lOll 1011
AE
B
100V r 0
2011 2011
F
[Ans. 5·57 A; 3·71 A; 1·86 A; 52·5 V]
239. A variable capacitor connected in series with a circuit
comprising a 20-0 non-inductive resistor in parallel with an inductor
of resistance 150 and inductance 0·02 H is supplied from 200-V,
100-Hz mains. Determine the value of capacitance to give a total
power-factor of unity and the current then taken from the mains.
[Ans. 441 f'F; 20·1 A]
240. Calculate the admittance, impedance and power-factor of the

following circuit when the supply frequency is 500 Hz. Branches A
and B are connected in parallel across the supply, where A is a 100-
0 resistor in series with a 2-f'F capacitor and B is a 100-0 resistor in
series with a 20-mH inductor.
[Ans. 0·01 S; 100 0; 1]
241. An a.c. circuit ABC consists of a I-f'F capacitor in parallel

with a 1000-0 resistor (AB) in series with a I-H inductor in parallel
with a 1000-0 resistor (BC). Determine the impedance and power
factor of the circuit for a frequency of 50 Hz. Calculate also the
phase-angle between the voltages across AB and BC.
[Ans. 1000 0; 1; 88° 25']
242. The circuit shown has values of resistance and reactance as

illustrated. Determine the total admittance, conductance and
susceptance and the total effective resistance and reactance.
10n sn 10n 20n
[Ans. 0·0467 S; 0·0264 S; 0·0385 S; 12·1 0; 17·7 OJ

PROBLEM 243
243. Evaluate the current in branch EF of the circuit shown by
using (a) Kirchhoff's Laws, (b) Maxwell's Cyclic-Current Rule,
(c) Th6venin's Theorem, (d) The Principle of Superposition.
(j2)11
2It BE
211
lIt
(-j2)11 (j 2)1\
2It (j 2) Il
[Ana. (2'078 - jO'673)A]

CHAPTER FOUR
POLYPHASE CIRCUITS
244. A three-phase, star-connected system has 400 V between wires.

Estimate the voltage between each wire and the neutral point.
[Ana. 231 V]
245. A three-phase rectifier is connected to a three-phase trans former

giving 460 V maximum between each line and the neutral point, and a
current flows between the neutral point and the common cathode of the
rectifier. Assuming no overlap, estimate the average voltage on the d.c.
side if the drop in voltage in the rectifier is 15 V.
[Ana. 365 V]
246. Show that the star and mesh circuits illustrated are equivalent if the
following conditions hold:
Ya = YZ Y3/(Y1 + Yz + Y3)
Yb = Y1 Y3/(Y1 + Yz + Y3)
and Yc = Y1 Yz/( Y1 + Yz + Y3)
3
3
247. From a three-phase, star-connected synchronous generator the line

current is lOA. If the machine was delta-connected, find the current in each
of its phases if the line current remains the same as before.
[Ana. 5·77 A]
PROBLEMS 248-253 65
248. Three similar coils, each of resistance 10 0 and reactance 10 0,
are connected (a) in star, (b) in delta across a 400-V, three phase
supply. Find, in each case, the line current and the sum of the
relldiftgg of tW6 wAttmeters connected to measure the power.
[Ans. (a) 16'33 A; 8000 W;
(b) 48·97 A; 24 000 W]
249. Three 20-0 non-inductive resistors are connected in star across

a three-phase supply the line voltage of which is 480 V. Three other
equal non-inductive resistors are connected in delta so· as to take the
same line current. What are the resistance values of these other
of them?
resistors and what is the current flowing through each [Ans.
60 Q; 8 A]
250. In a two-phase, three-wire system the two phases are un equally

loaded. The current in the leading phase is 47 A in phase with its own
voltage. The current in the lagging phase is 39 A and lags 22° 36'
behind its own voltage. Estimate the magnitude of the current in the
common return and find the phase angle between it and the 47 A
current. [Ans. 48·17 A; 48° 22']
251. A two-phase synchronous generator has a terminal voltage of

220 V to the neutral. The leading phase is loaded with a resistor of 11
n, the other with a coil of resistance 5 n and reactance 4 n.
If the connections are according to the three-wire system, calculate
the magnitUde, of the current in the common return and the phase angle
difference between this current and the voltage of the lagging phase.
[Ans. 26·87 A; 3° 6']
252. If two sets of coils with laminated iron cores are arranged
perpendicularly to one another and are connected respectively to the
two phases of a two-phase circuit, show that a rotating field is
produced.
253. Show that three-phase currents can be applied to the pro duction
of a rotating field by using three coils exciting pole pieces placed at
120° to each other. Prove that the field rotates at constant speed and
has a constant magnitude.
254. A 75 kW, three-phase, star-coJ?nected motor is connected to a

supply whose line voltage is 3000 V. The efficiency is 0·92 and the
power-factor 0·9. Calculate the line current.
[Ans. 17·4 A]
255. The one-wattmeter method is used to measure power in a three-

phase balanced system. Find expressions for the total power and the
power-factor in terms of the wattmeter readings WI and W2• [Ans. WI
+ W2 ; (Wl + W2)/2,J(W/ - WI W2 + W/)]
256. A three-phase load has a power-factor of 0'3. The two-watt

meter method is used to measure the power in the load which is known
to be 20 kW. Calculate the reading on each wattmeter.
[Ans. 28·35 kW; -8,35 kW]
257. The power supplied to a three-phase delta-connected induc tion

motor is measured by two wattmeters. The line voltage is 400 V. When
the motor is running on a light load the wattmeter readings are 389
Wand 271 W. Calculate the power taken by the motor and the power-
factor. Find also the line current.
In a no-load test on the motor the wattmeter readings are 788·5 W
and -,288,5 W. Determine again the power taken by the motor, the
power-factor and the line current.
[Ans. 660 W; 0'955; 0·996 A; 500 W; 0'26; 2·78 A]
258. A coil, a capacitor and a resistor are connected in star to a

three-phase, 4OO-V, three-wire supply. The coil has a resistance of 30
n and a reactance of 40 n, the resistor has a resistance of 50 n and
the capacitor has a reactance of 50 n. Determine the current in each
component of the circuit given that the phase rotation is R. Y.B. and the
coil is connected to Y and the capacitor to B.
[Ans. 7'35Lll'5° A; 2'53L -133'5° A; 5'5LI75'5° A]
PROBLEMS 259-261 67 259. Three impedances, Zl = (10 + jl0)0, Z2 =
(8·66 + j5)0 and Z3 = (12 + j16)0 are delta-connected as shown to a
380-V, three-phase system. Find the line currents. Take VRY as the
reference phasor.
Ro--.... --_ ..
Iy
y~--~-----~
[Ans. lR = 38'2L _72·5° A;

ly = 51·9 L180° A;
lB = 54·3L 42'1° A]
260. An unbalanced delta-connected load is connected to the

terminals A, B, C of a 400-V, balanced, three-phase supply, whose
order of phase-sequence is: VAB, VBC, VCA'
The load consists of:
AB: A non-inductive 10-0 resistor.
BC: A capacitor of reactance 20 n.
CA: An inductor of reactance 10 n and resistance 5 n. By
drawing a phasor diagram to scale, or by the use of complex quantities,
determine the magnitudes of the line currents, and the reading given by
a wattmeter connected with its current coil in line A and its voltage coil
between lines Band C.
[Ans. 36·1 A; 24·8 A; 39·9 A; 6130 W]
261. A balanced set of three-phase voltages, of r.m.s. line value 400

V and with positive phase-sequence, is applied to the circuit illustrated.
Evaluate the magnitudes of the currents lA' lB' lc, lCA' lAB and lBc' Take
VAB as (400 + jO)V.
Find, also, the readings on the two wattmeters WI and W2•
~-+---4--~==J---~B
[Ans. 40 A; 20·7 A; 20·7 A;

4OA; 4OA; 4OA;
13 856 W; 2130 W]
262. Use Millman's Theorem to find the voltage between 0 and 0'
for the three-phase system illustrated.
[Ans. (VI Yl + V2 Y2 + V3 Y3)j(Y1 + Y2 + Y3),

where Y1 = IjZh Y2 = IjZ2 and Y3 = IjZ3]
263. The star-connected set of impedances at (a) in the illustration
may be transformed into the equivalent delta set at (b).
A~----"
c C~-4~---I Zsc
B~------------~ 80--------..... (a) (b)

PROBLEMS 263-266 69
Show that: ZBd/(ZAB + ZBC + ZC..)

Z .. = (Z .. BZc .. )/(ZAB + ZBC + Z .. B = ZAZB(1/Z .. + l/ZB +
ZC .. ) IB = (IBcZ .. B)/(Z .. B + l/Zd ZBC = ZBZc(1/Z .. + l/ZB +
l/Zd Zc .. = ZcZ..(ljZ .. + l/ZB +
ZBC + ZcJ Zc = (Zc ..
l/Zd
264. Calculate the line currents lA, IB and Ic for the circuit shown
if V .. B = 400 V, VBC = al 400 V and VCA = a400 V.
A lOll (j20)1l. A2 ------~~-------------1
lOll (j20)1l
ao-C:=J.J
[Ans. (3·93 - j6'30)A;
( - 2·54 - jl'80)A;
(-1·39 + j8·1O)A]
265. A set of three-phase voltages has the following values: VA =

(100 + jO) V, VB = (-100 - jl00) V and Vc = (+j50) V. Determine the
symmetrical components of voltage VA' [Ans. (~j16'67) V; (93·3 - j20·5
V; (6·7 + j37'19) V]
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
266. Three groups of heating elements used for de-icing a road

surface are connected to a three-phase transformer. Find the three
vaiues of power dissipation provided by delta-star switching of load
and transformer.
[Ans. W; W/3; Wj9]
1.67. A three~phase star~connected generator, whose line voltage is 1730 V,
supplies current to three non~inductive mesh~connected resistors with resistances of
3, 4 and 5 n respectively. Calculate the current in each of the three
phases of the generator.
[Ans. 878 A; 676 A; 802 A]
268. Three coils, each having a resistance of 10 n and an induct~ ance

of 0·02 H are connected (a) in star, (b) in delta, to a three~phase, 50·Hz
supply, the line voltage being 500 V. Calculate, for each case, the line
current and the total power absorbed.
[Ans. (a) 24·44 A; 17·93 kW;
(b) 73·32 A; 53·89 kW]
269. A star~connected load is arranged on a three~phase supply with 1730 V

between lines. The phase resistances of the load are 10, 20 and 30 n
respectively.
Find both graphically and analytically the potential difference
between each line and the neutral point of the load and the potential
difference between the neutral point of the load and the neutral point
of the star-connected generator.
[Ans. 680 V; 1140 V; 1250 V; 320 V]
270. Find the power absorbed in the star-connected circuit abc

shown, which is formed of non-inductive resistors, when the line
currents are 100, 200 and 150 A respectively and the supply voltage
between lines is 380 V. If this power be measured by the two
wattmeter method, the current coils being inserted in the lines carrying
100 and 200 A, what will be the reading of each instrument?
[Ans. 94 kW; 24 kW; 70 kW]

PROBLEMS 271-275 71
271. Two wattmeters measure the total power in a three-phase
circuit and are correctly connected. One reads 4800 W while the
other reads backwards. On reversing the latter it reads 400 W. What
is the total power absorbed by the circuit and the power
factor?
[Ans. 4400 W; 0·439]
272. A two-phase, 200-V (per phase), induction motor is to be

rewound with a star-connected three-phase winding suitable for a
line voltage of 400 V, producing the same air-gap flux. The two
phase winding has 350 turns per phase, the magnetizing current
being 6 A. Determine the approximate number of turns per phase
required for the three-phase winding and the magnetizing current.
[Ans. 405; 3·45 A]
273. A star-connected balanced load is supplied from a three

phase balanced supply with a line voltage of 416 V at a frequency of
50 Hz. Each phase of the load consists of a resistor and a capacitor
in series. The readings of two wattmeters connected to measure the
total power supplied are 782 Wand 1980 W (both positive).
Calculate (a) the power-factor of the circuit, (b) the line current and
(c) the capacitance of each capacitor.
[Ans. (a) 0·8; (b) 4·8 A; (c) 1061'F]
274. A 440-V, three-phase motor has an output of 60 kW, an

efficiency of 90% and a power-factor of 0·87. Find the line current
and the readings on each of the two wattmeters connected to
measure the power input.
[Ans. 100 A; 44·01 kW; 22·3 kW]
275. A 440-V, 50-Hz, star-connected induction motor takes a line

current of 50 A at a power-factor of 0·8 lagging. A three-phase
capacitor bank, connected in star, is to be used to improve the
power-factor to 0·95 lagging. Determine the capacitance of each
capacitor.
Show that if the capacitors had been connected in delta the
capacitance of each would have needed to be one third of the
previous value.
[Ans. 211·3 I'F]
276. The voltages between the terminals A, B, C of a three-phase
supply, in order of phase-sequence are: AB = 400 V; BC = 380 V, CA
= 360 V. An unbalanced delta-connected load is supplied from ABC
and consists of:
AB a 20-0 resistor
BC a 15-0 inductor in series with a 15-0 resistor
CA a 30-0 capacitor.
Draw a phasor diagram of the line voltages and of the phase and line
currents and determine the magWtudes of the line currents and the
readings of wattmeters, one with its current-coil in line A and voltage-
coil across AB, the other with its current-coil in line C and voltage-coil
across CB.
[Am. , I .. , = 31 A; , IB ' = 39 A; 'Ie' = 8·5 A;
12100 W; 800 W]
277. A star-connected transformer of phase voltage 100 V (r.m.s.)

with line terminals A, B, C and neutral point N, supplies balanced
voltages to a star-connected load consisting of:
A to X a 50-0 resistor
B to X a capacitor of 120-0 reactance
C to X a 50-0 resistor in series with an inductor of 100-0 reactance.
The transformer voltage phase-sequence is AN, BN, CN. Deter mine
the line currents and the voltage between Nand X. [Am., I .. ' = 0·72
A; 'IB 1= 1·74A;
, Ie , = 1·785 A; 134·5 V]
278. The line voltages of an unbalanced three-phase system are VAB

= (200 + jO)V, VBC = -200(1 + jl)V, VCA = j200 V. Determine
graphically, and by calculation, the symmetrical components.
[Ans. Vi = (215·4 - j57·8)V;
V2 = (-15·4 + j57·8)V; 0]
CHAPTER FIVE
NON-SINUSOIDAL WAVES
279. * Calculate, from first principles, the r.m.s. reading which
would be indicated by an ammeter in a circuit whose current waveform
is given by 10 sin wt + 3 sin 3wt + 2 sin 5 wt.
[Ans.7·52]
280. A voltage is represented by (2000 sin wI + 500 sin 3wl + 300

sin 5wt)V. Determine the maximum current corresponding to each
harmonic of the voltage that will flow through a 20-JLF capacitor. Find
also the r.m.s. value of the current. Assume that w = lOOrr.
[Ans. 9·43 A; 9'43 A; 12·95 A]
281. A voltage represented by (50 sin wI + 20 sin 3wI + 15 sin

5wt)V is applied to a series LCR circuit in which L = 0'506 H, R = 5
nand C = 20 JLF.
Calculate the r.m.s. fundamental current and the currents corre
sponding to each harmonic. The frequency of the fundamental
component of the applied voltage is 50 Hz. Determine also the three
component voltages across the capacitor.
[Ans. 7·07 A; 0·0333 A; 0·0139 A; 1125 V; 1'76 V; 0·442 V]
282. A voltage represented by (150 sin wI + 15 sin 3wl + 7·5 sin

5wt)V is applied to a series circuit having a resistance of 15 n and an
inductance of 0·05 H. The frequency of the fundamental is 50 Hz.
Determine the maximum amplitudes of the three current com ponents
and the ratios of the amplitudes of the third and fifth harmonics to the
fundamental.
[Ans. 6·91 A; 0·304 A; 0·0938 A; 0·0441; 0'0136]
*There are no problems in this Chapter on Fourier-series representation of

waveforms as this topic is dealt with in the following book: F. A. Benson,
Problems in Electronics with Solutions, 4th Edition, Spon, 1965, Chapter 3.
74 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS 283. A voltage
represented by (150 sin w! + 15 sin 3wt + 7·5 sin 5wt) V is applied to
a series circuit having a resistance of 5 n and a capacitance of 30 fLF.
The fundamental frequency is 50 Hz. Determine the maximum
amplitudes of the three component
currents and the ratios of the amplitudes of the third and fifth
harmonics to the fundamental.
[Ans. 1·41 A; 0·422 A; 0·344 A; 0·299; 0·244]
284. A circuit has a resistance of Ion and an inductance of 0'035 H

and the current passing is given by {5 sin w! + 0·3 sin (3wt + 70'1°) +
0·1 sin (5wt + 159°)}A.
Calculate the amplitUdes of the'three component voltages required
to maintain this current and show that they are in phase with one
another. The fundamental frequency is 50 Hz.
[Ans. 74·4 V; 10·35 V; 5'59 V]
285. The voltage applied to a circuit is represented by (2000 sin wt

+ 600 sin 3w! + 400 sin 5wt)V. Estimate the r.m.s. current that will
flow in this series circuit if the resistance is 10 n, the capacitance is 30
/-LF and the inductance is of such a value that there is resonance with
the third harmonic of the voltage wave. The frequency of the
fundamental is 50 Hz.
Calculate also the r.m.s. voltage between the terminals of the
inductor under these conditions.
[Ans. 45·6 A; 2220 V]
286. A voltage wave-shape is given by the following Table:
Phase-angle 8 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

(degrees)
------------
Voltage v (V) 0 100 200 300 200 100 0
Find the magnitudes of the fundamental and of the third, fifth and
seventh harmonics.
[Ans. 244 V; 27 V; 9·8 V; 5 V]
287. A voltmeter (reading r.m.s, values) is connected to a gener ator

giving a voltage represented by:
8000 sin wt + 540 sin 3wt + 350 sin 5wt.

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ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PROBLEMS

TSBN-13: 978-0-412-21260-4 e-TSBN-13: 978-94-009-5847-0 DOT:

This paperback edition is sold subject to the

All rights reserved. No part of this book

Distribute by the U.S.A.

Electrical-engineering and electronic-engineering students have

Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department,

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department,

1 D.C. Circuits. Problems 1-92 1 2 Single-Phase A.C. Circuits.

3 Complex Quantities and their use in A.C. Circuits Problems 201-

SECTION TWO· SOLUTIONS

[Ans. E/(r/m + R/n) amperes]

2. For the arrangement shown determine the voltage across the

[Ans. 1·05 V; 1·79 A]

3. Two insulated cables are connected in parallel. One is made up of

[Ans. 91·8 A; 8·2 A]

5. A moving-coil ammeter has a resistance of 0·7 Q and gives its

6. A moving-coil ammeter has a resistance of 50 Q and gives a full

7. A milliammeter gives full-scale deflection for 15 rnA and has a

8. A moving-coil voltmeter has a resistance of 20 Q and gives full

[Ans. 313,3, 1 000,3, 5 333'3, 6 666'6, 13 333·3 and 26 666,6 n]

9. The current passing to a Kelvin double-bridge network is SA. The

10. A Varley-Loop Test is used to locate an earth fault on a tele

[Ans. 39·5 km from the end connected to the variable resistor]

11. A Murray-Loop Test is used to locate an earth fault on a tele

[Ans. 10 km from the end connected to the variable resistor]

[Ans. 9·5 km]

13. A hexagonal frame ABCDEF is made up of six conductors each

[Ans. ics = ipE = 2·5 A; b = iAE = 2·885 A;

14. A network is made up of five conductors. The resistance be tween

15. Estimate the resistance between points A and B on a framework

* A solution to a similar problem, where the resistance between two diagonally

[Ans. 2·08 A; 1·260]

19. A constant current of lO A flows into and out of the circuit

20. ABeD is a uniform circular wire of resistance 4 nand AOe EO D

23. Use Thevenin's Theorem to calculate the current flowing in

- : 20V --L- '

24. Find the equivalent resist

69Il 171Il 23811 304Il 168fl

~----~~-----4------~------~------~Y [Ans. 35'7 rnA]

27. Use the delta-star trans

28. The sides of a hexagon ABCDEF are formed of wires each of

-'- -,-I IOV

down the nodal equations for the circuit illustrated. R4

E)IR) R3 R6 Reference node

Ans. E1 = Vl(~ + ~ + ~ +~) - V2(~ + ~);

37. A network of nine conductors connects six points A, B, C, A', B'

39. Use Thevenin's Theorem to find the current I in the circuit

-L [Ans. (1) 0·38 A; (2) 3·08 A; (3) 2'7

41. Use Maxwell's Cyclic Current Rule to find the current

42. Use Thevenin's Theorem to calculate the current I in the

45. A network is made up of 13m of uniform wire, placed to form

46. A network of conductors is arranged as shown. Determine the

47. In the circuit illustrated the values of the resistors in branches

1011 1011 1511

49. For the circuit illustrated it is found, by applying Maxwell's

[Ans. 0·0625 A from C to E1

51. A two-wire distributor which is 400 m long and which is fed at