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Rock Mass Classification: Prof. Islavath Sreenivasa Rao

This document discusses rock mass classification systems including: - Intact rock properties and rock mass properties are defined using parameters like compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, cohesion, and friction angle. - The Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system evaluates rock mass quality based on factors like intact rock strength, rock quality designation, discontinuity spacing and condition, groundwater, and orientation. - The Q-system also evaluates rock mass quality based on factors like RQD, joint roughness, alteration, stress reduction, and excavation support ratio to classify rock masses from excellent to extremely poor quality. - Other systems like the Rock Structure Rating evaluate geology, joint patterns, groundwater conditions to estimate required tunnel support

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42 views28 pages

Rock Mass Classification: Prof. Islavath Sreenivasa Rao

This document discusses rock mass classification systems including: - Intact rock properties and rock mass properties are defined using parameters like compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, cohesion, and friction angle. - The Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system evaluates rock mass quality based on factors like intact rock strength, rock quality designation, discontinuity spacing and condition, groundwater, and orientation. - The Q-system also evaluates rock mass quality based on factors like RQD, joint roughness, alteration, stress reduction, and excavation support ratio to classify rock masses from excellent to extremely poor quality. - Other systems like the Rock Structure Rating evaluate geology, joint patterns, groundwater conditions to estimate required tunnel support

Uploaded by

PraphulJain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rock Mass Classification

Prof. Islavath Sreenivasa Rao


Department of Mining Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
West Bengal - 721302
Rock mass and Intact Rock
Table1 INTACT ROCK PROPERTIES
Rock strata Compressive Geological Modulus of Disturbance Hoek-Brown
strength Strength Elasticity Factor parameter
 ci ( MPa) Index Ei (GPa) D mi
GSI

Clay 17.5 50 4 0 7
Coal 28 50 5 0 7
Sandstone 35 60 9.87 0 10

  mb  
a 1

  mb  4s  a(mb  8s)    s   Eq.1  3max


 4    3n  (e)
 cm   ci  (a)  ci
 2 1  a  2  a  
 
 
 1 D 2 
Ecm  Ei  0.02   60 15 D GSI  11  (f)
 1 e 
 6amb  s  mb 3n  
a 1

m  sin 1  
 2 1  a  2  a   6amb  s  mb 3n 
a 1
 (b)
 GSI  100 
mb  mi exp   (g)
 28  14 D 
 3max  0.47 cm 0.06 insitu 0.94 (c)
 GSI  100  (h)
s  exp  
 ci 1  2a  s  1  a  mb 3n   s  mb 3n 
a 1
 9  3D 
Cm 
6amb  s  mb 3n 
a 1

1  a  2  a  1 (d)
 e 
1 1 GSI /15 20/3
1  a  2  a  a
2 6
e
(i)
ROCK MASS PROPERTIES
Rock strata Compressive Modulus of Cohesion, C Angle of
strength Elasticity (Mpa) internal
 ( MPa) (GPa) friction, 
cm

Clay 2.582 1.278 0.811 27

Coal 4.13 1.535 1.00 31

Sandstone 7.643 5.132 1.461 38


RMR
It’s basically depends on following factors
• Strength of intact Rock
• Rock Quality Designation (RQD)
• Spacing of discontinuities
• Condition of discontinuities
• Ground water condition
• Orientation of discontinuities
RMR
Max. Weightage
• Strength of intact Rock :15
• Rock Quality Designation (RQD) :20
• Spacing of discontinuities :20
• Condition of discontinuities :30
• Ground water condition :15

RMR = Sum of classification parameters +


discontinuity orientation adjustment
RMR
RMR
Guidelines for support based on RMR
GSI
GSI
GSI
GSI
GSI ROCK QUALITY CLASSIFICATION

GSI value Rock mass quality

<20 Very Poor

21 - 35 Poor

36 - 55 Fair

56 -75 Good

76 -95 Very Good


Rock Tunneling Quality Index (Q System)
Barton, et al., 1974 proposed
RQD J r Jw
Q  
Jn J a SRF

where,
RQD : Rock quality designation

Jn : Joint set number

Jr : Joint roughness number

Ja : Joint alteration number

SRF: Stress reduction factor


Q System
Joint Water Reduction
Stress Reduction Factor
Excavation Support Ratio

Equivalent dimension
De = Excavation span, diameter or height/ESR
Rock quality classification for Q system
Q value Class Rock mass
400 – 1000 A Exceptionally Good
100 - 400 A Extremely good
40 - 100 A Very good
10 - 40 B Good
4 - 10 C Fair
1-4 D Poor
0.1 – 1.0 E Very Poor
0.01 – 0.1 F Extremely Poor
0.001 – 0.01 G Exceptionally Poor
Rock mass quality
Bolt length, span and roof pressure

Length of bolt

Maximum unsupported span

Permanent roof pressure

Based on the analysis of various case studies, Grimstad and Barton, 1993

According to Bieniawski, 1989; Barton, 1995

RMR=9 lnQ+44 RMR~ 15logQ+50


Rock Structure Rating
Wickham et al., 1972 has proposed this method for describing quality of rock
mass and for selection of appropriate support system based on RSR
Rock Structure Rating
Parameter A: General area geology
Rock Structure Rating
Parameter B: Joint Pattern and drive direction
Rock Structure Rating
Parameter C: Ground water and Joint condition
Support estimates based on RSR
THANK YOU

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