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More Examples From Probability: Example 1

The document provides 4 examples of probability problems and their solutions. Example 1 finds the probability of heads and tails for a biased coin where the probability of heads is twice the probability of tails. The solution is that the probability of tails is 1/3 and the probability of heads is 2/3. Example 2 is given the probabilities of some events E4 and E7 and asked to find the probabilities of all events. The solution finds the probabilities are each 0.125. Example 3 finds the probability of events A, the union of A and B, and the intersection of A and B, given the sample space and definitions of events A and B. Example 4 calculates various probabilities given information about

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Gharsellaoui Muhamed
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48 views3 pages

More Examples From Probability: Example 1

The document provides 4 examples of probability problems and their solutions. Example 1 finds the probability of heads and tails for a biased coin where the probability of heads is twice the probability of tails. The solution is that the probability of tails is 1/3 and the probability of heads is 2/3. Example 2 is given the probabilities of some events E4 and E7 and asked to find the probabilities of all events. The solution finds the probabilities are each 0.125. Example 3 finds the probability of events A, the union of A and B, and the intersection of A and B, given the sample space and definitions of events A and B. Example 4 calculates various probabilities given information about

Uploaded by

Gharsellaoui Muhamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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More Examples from Probability 

Example 1: Suppose we have a biased coin (a coin that P(H) 𝑃 𝑇 ) 
such that 
(we use the term unbiased when P(H)=P(T)) 
Probability of observing a head is twice the probability of observing a 
tail. Find probability of observing head and tail, i.e. P(H)=? And P(T)=? 
Solution: 
According to the question we have P(H)=2P(T). On the other hand we 
know that always P(H)+P(T)=1 (because always the sum of probabilities 
in a sample space is equal to 1) 
So,  
2P(T)+P(T)=1  or 3P(T)=1  P(T)=1/3  and P(H)=2/3. 
 
Example 2: Suppose the sample space consists of 8 simple events, E1, 
E2, …, E8. 
Suppose also that P(E4)=2P(E7)=0.20 
and P(E3)=3P(E8)=0.15 
Find probability of all simple events. 
Solution: 
Since 2P(E7)=0.20  P(E7)=0.10  
and since 3P(E8)=0.15   P(E8)=0.05 
So, P(E1)+P(E2)+0.15+0.20+ P(E5)+ P(E6)+0.10+0.05=1 
therefore, P(E1)+P(E2)+ P(E5)+ P(E6)=0.50 and so 
P(E1)=P(E2)= P(E5)= P(E6)=0.5/4=0.125 
 
Example 3: Suppose the sample space is defined as follows: 
S={1,3,6,7,9,12,15,20} 
Let events A and B be defined as follows: 
A={3,9,20}       B={1,3,9,12} 
Find: 𝐴 , 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 and 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 
Solution: 
𝐴 1, 6, 7, 12, 15    (any simple event which is in S but not in A) 
𝐴∪𝐵 1, 3, 9, 12, 20   (any simple event in A or B or both) 
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵={3, 9}  (common elements of A and B) 
 
 
 
Example 4: Suppose we have the following information in a college. 
  Major
Gender  Stats.  Chem. Phys.
Male  15  25 10
Female  20  30 15
Let 
A: Student with major Chem.    B: Student with major Phys.    C: Female student 
Find  
P(A∩ 𝐶), P(B∪ 𝐶), P(𝐵  and P 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶  
 
Solution: 
 In the following table we are added the total of each row and column. 
  Major  
Gender  Stats.  Chem. Phys. Total
Male  15  25 10 50 
Female  20  30 (A∩ 𝐶 ) 15(B∩ 𝐶)  65 
Total  35  55 25 115
 
Hence we have 
 P(A)=55/115 , P(B)=25/115 ,  P(C)=65/115 
P(A∩ 𝐶)=30/115 ,   P(B∪ 𝐶)=P(B)+P(C)‐P(B∩ 𝐶 =25/115+65/115‐15/115=75/115 

Also, P 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶  

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