THE MANAGEMENT
PROCESS
Introduction:
Objectives:
a. Define the common terms used in the management process
b. List down the expected functions of a nurse manager
c. Identify different functions of management
d. Discuss the concepts of each function using some examples
e. Discuss the classification of planning
f. Identify purposes of planning
g. Discuss the guidelines in formal planning
h. Identify approaches to planning
a. Planning – determining the long-and short-term objectives (ends) of the
institution or unit and the actions (means) that must be taken to achieve these
objectives
b. Staffing- Selecting the personnel to carry out these actions and placing them in
positions appropriate to their knowledge and skills.
c. Organizing- Mobilizing human and material resources so institutional objectives
can be achieved.
d. Directing- Motivating and leading personnel to carry out the actions needed to
achieve the institution’s objectives.
e. Controlling- Comparing results with predetermined standards of performance
and taking corrective action when performance deviates from these standards
Topic:
Unit III. The Management Process
A. Major Functions in the Management Process
B. Planning
Concepts, Nature, Purpose
Classification of Plans
Management process
- consists of four primary functions that managers must perform:
planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
- begins with the three basic elements with which a manager deals: ideas,
things, and people
Functional management
Is the most common type of organizational management.
The organization is grouped by areas of specialty within different functional areas
(e.g., finance, marketing, and engineering). Some refer to a functional area as a
"silo" means part of company or organization.
Major Functions of Management
f. Planning – determining the long-and short-term objectives (ends) of the
institution or unit and the actions (means) that must be taken to achieve these
objectives
g. Staffing- Selecting the personnel to carry out these actions and placing them in
positions appropriate to their knowledge and skills.
h. Organizing- Mobilizing human and material resources so institutional objectives
can be achieved.
i. Directing- Motivating and leading personnel to carry out the actions needed to
achieve the institution’s objectives.
j. Controlling- Comparing results with predetermined standards of performance
and taking corrective action when performance deviates from these standards.
k. Decision Making- Identifying a problem, searching for solutions, and selecting
the alternative that best achieves the decision maker’s objectives.
Management Functions of a Nurse Manager:
• Success of management depends on learning and using the management
functions
• Functions include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating and
controlling.
• Nurse Managers also use the same functions as they fulfill their responsibilities in
the organization.
Planning in Management Process
A. Planning
- is a technical managerial function that enables organizations to deal with the
present and anticipate the future.
- It is the first and fundamental function of management because all other
management functions are dependent on it
- building a mental bridge from where you are now to where you want to
be when you have achieved the objective before you
-also defined as the systematic development of action programmed aimed
at reaching agreed objectives by the process of analyzing, evaluating and
selecting among the opportunities which are foreseen.
Purpose of Planning
It gives direction to the organization.
It improves efficiency.
It eliminates duplication of efforts.
It concentrates resources on important services.
It reduces guess work.
It improves communication and coordination of activities
Classifications of Planning
A. Strategic Planning
- Top-level managers, formulate long-term strategic planning to
reinforce the firm’s mission
-specified for five years period or more; but circumstances dictate the
planning horizon.
B. Tactic Planning
- middle management is responsible for translating strategies into shorter-
term tactics.
- Tactical plans are often specified in one-year increments.
Eg. annual budget.
C. Operational Planning
- is accomplished by fist-line managers
- Operational planning is most concerned with budgets, quotas and
schedules
Operational objective are:
Narrow Scope
Short-lived
Subject to sudden change
Formal planning -
- it is a systematic process
- It consists of five guidelines
- These guidelines provide a general pattern of rational planning.
Guidelines of Formal Planning
1. Situation audit (Environmental assessment )
- It analyzes the past, current and future forces that affect
the organization.
- Expectation of outside interests such as government officials,
insurance companies and consumers are sought.
- Expectations of inside interests such as nurse, doctors,
administrators and other staffs are collected
2. Establish Objectives
- Success is defined as achieving organizational objectives.
- These are performance targets, he end results that
manager
seek to achieve
Characteristics of objectives:
Specific
• Measurable
• Realistic and challenging
• Defined time period
3. Involve management and staff
- Involving a greater number of managers will result in better plans and
more wide spread acceptance of objectives.
4. Develop alternatives
- successful planning process will generate several options for manages
to consider.
- These options are alternative courses of action that can achieve the
same result
Alternatives should be:
• Feasible
• Realistic
Sufficient
5. Communicate plans
- Planning requires clear and effective communication at all levels before
performance begins to mirror expectations.
2 Categories of Communicate Plan
A. Standing use plans- -are those that are used on a continuous basis
to achieve consistently repeated objectives.
- Standing plans take the form of:
Policies - a standing plan that furnishes broad guidelines for
channeling management thinking toward taking action
consistent with reaching organizational objectives.
Procedures - a standing plan that outlines a series of related actions
that must be taken to accomplish a particular task
Rule - is a standing plan that designates specific requires action
B. Single use plans - are those that are used once to achieve unique objectives
or objectives that are seldom repeated. They are
communicated through:
Programs - is a single use plan designed to carry out a special project within
an organization
Budget: - is a single use financial plan that covers a specified length of time
Schedule - is a commitment of resources and labor to tasks with specific time
frames.
Approaches to Planning
- There are three distinct approaches that describe who has the
responsibility for formulating plans:
Centralized top down planning- is the traditional approach to planning in which
a centralized group of executives or staff assumes the
primary planning responsibility
Bottom-up planning- is an approach that delegates planning authority to
division and department managers, who are expected to
formulate plans under the general strategic umbrella
of organizational objectives.
Team planning- is a participative approach to planning
Summary:
There are major functions of management these includes; planning, organizing,
staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling. Planning is the first fundamental
function of management. There are classifications of planning first, strategic planning,
second, tactical planning, and operational planning. It also discuss the different
guidelines in formal planning and approaches to planning.
Recommendations:
1. Always apply the management process in setting our goals.
2. Classifications of planning will be our guide in determining our scope of
competence.
3. Apply the guidelines of planning
4. Use different approaches of planning
REFERENCES;
Amsale C. and Ato B.G. ( ) “Nursing Leadership and Management”, p. 48-52
Adair,J. (2010) “ develop your leadership Skills”, p.
