Discussion Starters
Gender Inequality
“We must raise both
the ceiling and the floor.”
—Sheryl Sandberg
Pre-Reading
A. Warm-Up Questions
1. D
o women in your home country earn
less than men for doing the same job?
2. D
o males and females have equal
education opportunities where you live?
What about in other parts of the world?
3. H
ow can men benefit from
gender equality in the workplace?
B. Vocabulary Preview
Match up as many words and meanings as you can.
Check this exercise again after seeing the words in context on page 2.
1. counterpart a) an environment that offers equal opportunities for all
2. level playing field b) the differences in treatment, pay, etc. between men and women
3. illiterate c) a higher-paying and/or more advanced position at one’s workplace
4. gender gap d) unable to read and write
e) a person holding an equivalent position
5. promotion
f) to follow through with a plan, to make something happen
6. stereotype
g) to become the most important thing
7. discrimination
h) unfair treatment based on a quality such as gender or age
8. implement
i) a long-held belief or opinion about a certain group or thing
9. take priority
j) gross domestic product, the value of goods and
10. GDP services produced in a country in one year
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Gender Inequality
Discussion Starters
Reading
GENDER INEQUALITY
Levelling the Playing Field
1. G
ender equality in the workplace has come a long way in developed
nations. This is largely due to equal access to education. On average,
women in developed nations are at least as educated as men. In the
US, women can expect to earn about 80% of their male counterparts’
salaries. While much progress has been made, this is far from a level
playing field. And in developing nations, where two-thirds of illiterate
people are female, the gender gap is much wider. There are several
factors that hold women back in the workplace.
2. T
hroughout the world, women are still expected to be the
primary caregivers of their children. Some women accept lower
pay in exchange for family-friendly hours (flex-time) or benefits.
Responsibilities at home may prevent women from seeking higher-
paying jobs or promotions that require business travel. In some
cultures, women are expected to marry by a certain age. Focusing
on family before job training makes it difficult for women to achieve
equality in the workplace. In Ethiopia, women have achieved greater
success in the workplace since the minimum age of marriage was
moved from 15 to 18.
3. Long-held stereotypes about gender roles keep many women out
of certain industries and professions (e.g., computer programming
or construction). While women in the US hold about 80% of the jobs
in the health industry, males are much more likely to hold the high-
paying positions. (Men are more often surgeons and specialists,
while the majority of nurses are female.) Gender discrimination
laws have been introduced in many parts of the world but are not
always implemented. How can a woman prove that she missed
out on an employment opportunity because of her gender?
4. T
o bring attention to gender inequality, the UN has declared October
13 as International Day of the Girl. Emma Watson, the UN’s Women
Goodwill Ambassador, thinks men, especially fathers, need to be more
involved in the conversation. After all, gender inequality is not only
hard on women. It affects families and entire nations.
5. In developing nations, addressing gender inequality in education must
take priority. A nation’s GDP is directly associated with the education
of its girls. Each additional year of education can increase a woman’s
future income by 10%. An educated mother is more likely to raise a
healthy daughter who will go to school, get a job, and marry later in life.
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Gender Inequality
Discussion Starters
Comprehension
Discuss these questions in pairs, and write the answers in your notebook.
1. In comparison to a male with the same experience and expertise,
how much can an American woman expect to earn?
2. What does the reading say about literacy rates in developing nations?
3. What deal do some mothers make with their employers?
4. What change related to gender equality occurred in Ethiopia?
5. Why does the reading mention GDP?
Vocabulary Review
A. What’s the Word?
Which word from page 1 is described in the sentence?
More than one option may be possible.
# Sentence Word
1 Elderly drivers are often labelled as poor drivers.
There is supposed to be at least one woman on
2
the board of directors, but this hasn’t happened.
3 The most important thing right now is to make sure the kids get breakfast.
Was there an increase in the amount of goods
4
and services produced in your country this year?
5 I am a junior advertiser, but I’m hoping to move up to the senior position.
6 I have a male colleague who does the same job as I do.
7 The children in this village can’t read or write.
My husband earns more than I do, even though we do
8
the same job and have equal experience and expertise.
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Gender Inequality
Discussion Starters
Vocabulary Review cont.
B. Write a Sentence
Write a sentence or example that illustrates each word below.
Do not use the word in your example.
1. gender gap
2. stereotype
3. discrimination
4. promotion
5. take priority
6. implement
7. illiterate
8. a level playing field
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Gender Inequality
Discussion Starters
Punctuation Review
A. Commas and Parentheses
When you want to include extra (often non-essential) information to a
piece of text, use commas or parentheses (singular: parenthesis).
USE COMMAS USE PARENTHESES
to offset non-essential or extra information to add non-essential or extra information
The term “non-essential” means that the sentence can • I didn’t get the job (head nurse of pediatrics)
exist, and still makes sense, without this information. because I can’t do overtime.
(Try removing the text between the commas below.)
• My salary is 17% less than my husband’s.
(We hold the identical position.)
• Emma Watson, known for her acting
role in the Harry Potter films, is the UN’s • The kids are my priority (they’re only two and four)
Women Goodwill Ambassador. until they start full-time school. (Then I’ll focus on
my career.)
• Girls in some developing nations, such as in
Ethiopia, are expected to marry at a young age.
B. Practice
In a notebook or on the back of your paper, rewrite the sentences
below by placing some of the information in between offsetting
commas or parentheses. Note: There are many options.
1. I didn’t get the promotion. It was a 10% salary raise.
A male from my department got it. He has less experience.
2. M
y grandmother left school at age seven. She had to
raise her twin sisters. She is illiterate. It makes me sad.
3. M
any women are afraid to call themselves “feminists.”
They think it’s a negative word. They don’t realize that
being a feminist simply means that they support equal
rights and opportunities for women. Feminists are
stereotyped as man-haters.
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Gender Inequality
Discussion Starters
Discussion Questions
1. H
ow are gender equality in the workplace
and gender equality in education related?
2. How does gender inequality in the workplace affect families?
3. W
hat professions are commonly associated with females?
What professions are commonly associated with males?
4. In developing nations, many girls are still not receiving
equal education opportunities. What can people in developed
nations do to support education for low-income girls?
Critical Thinking
IN PAIRS OR SMALL GROUPS
The UN’s Women Goodwill Ambassador, known best for her acting
role in the Harry Potter series, believes that more men need to
be part of this conversation in order to reduce the gender gap.
Discuss this quote from a speech Emma Watson gave at the UN:
“The more I’ve spoken about feminism,
the more I’ve realized that fighting
for women’s rights has too often
been synonymous with man-hating.”
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Gender Inequality
Discussion Starters
Listening – Gap Fill
http://blog.esllibrary.com/2014/11/04/podcast-gender-inequality/
Fill in the blanks as you listen to the recording.
GENDER INEQUALITY
Levelling the Playing Field
1. Gender equality in the workplace has come and specialists, while the majority of nurses are
a long way in developed nations. This is female.) Gender discrimination laws have been
largely due to equal access to education. introduced in many parts of the world but are
On , women in developed not always implemented. How can a woman
nations are at least as educated as men. In the US, prove that she missed out on an employment
women can expect to earn about 80% of their male opportunity because of her gender?
counterparts’ salaries. While much progress has
4. T
o bring attention to gender inequality, the UN
been made, this is far from a level playing field.
has declared October 13 as International Day of
And in developing nations, where two-thirds of
the Girl. Emma Watson, the UN’s Women Goodwill
illiterate people are female, the gender gap is
Ambassador, thinks men, especially fathers, need
much wider. There are several factors that hold
to be more in the conversation.
women back in the workplace.
After all, gender inequality is not only hard on
2. T
hroughout the world, women are still expected women. It affects families and entire nations.
to be the primary caregivers of their children.
5. In developing nations,
Some women accept lower pay in exchange for
gender inequality in education must take priority.
family-friendly hours (flex-time) or benefits.
A nation’s GDP is directly associated with the
Responsibilities at home may prevent women
education of its girls. Each additional year of
from higher-paying jobs or
education can increase a woman’s future income
promotions that require business travel. In
by 10%. An educated mother is more likely to raise
some cultures, women are expected to marry
a healthy daughter who will go to school, get a job,
by a certain age. Focusing on family before job
and marry later in life.
training makes it difficult for women to achieve
equality in the workplace. In Ethiopia, women
have achieved greater success in the workplace
since the minimum age of marriage was moved
from 15 to 18.
3. Long-held stereotypes about gender roles
keep many women out of certain industries and 5. addressing
professions (e.g., computer programming or 4. involved
construction). While women in the US hold about 3. more likely
80% of the jobs in the health industry, males 2. seeking
are much to hold the high- 1. average
paying positions. (Men are more often surgeons
ANSWERS:
Copyright 2017, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. ( I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 7
Gender Inequality
Discussion Starters
Answer Key
LESSON DESCRIPTION: TEACHING TIPS: LEVEL: Int – Adv
Students read about gender inequality See Discussion Starters Teaching Guide TIME: 1.5–2 hours
in the workplace. The lesson includes (https://esllibrary.com/courses/72/lessons/)
TAGS: discussion, gender, inequality,
vocabulary development tasks, for a variety of ways to use the reading.
equality, family, business, money,
comprehension questions, discussion Audio is available for this lesson. Students can
workplace, feminism, education
questions, and a review about parentheses. access the audio via our podcast and iTunes.
Pre-Reading Comprehension
A. WARM-UP QUESTIONS 1. On average, an American woman can expect to
earn about 80% of her male counterpart’s salary.
Have students work in small groups or as a class. Discuss the
2. T he reading says that about two-thirds of illiterate
quote. Introduce the term “glass ceiling”: an invisible barrier to
people in developing nations are female.
advancement due to being a woman or a minority.
3. Some mothers arrange for family-friendly
hours or benefits in exchange for lower pay.
B. VOCABULARY PREVIEW
4. T he minimum age of marriage changed from 15 to 18 in
1. e 3. d 5. c 7. h 9. g Ethiopia. This improved gender equality in the workplace.
2. a 4. b 6. i 8. f 10. j 5. T he reading mentions GDP because a nation’s GDP is directly
affected by the education of its girls. If girls are educated, the
Reading (and/or Listening) country can produce more goods and services. These women
are more likely to raise girls who are educated too.
Read individually, in small groups, or as a class. You can also play
the listening as your students read along. A gap-fill version of the Vocabulary Review
reading is available on page 7. Help your students with vocabulary
and expressions that they are unfamiliar with. A. WHAT’S THE WORD?
1. stereotype 4. GDP 7. illiterate
2. implement 5. promotion 8. gender gap,
3. take priority 6. counterpart discrimination
B. WRITE A SENTENCE
Answers will vary.
(continued on the next page...)
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Gender Inequality
Discussion Starters
Answer Key
Punctuation Review
A. COMMAS AND PARENTHESES
Review our editor’s tips about parentheses:
http://blog.esllibrary.com/2014/09/24/punctuation-rules-parentheses/
B. PR ACTICE
Answers will vary.
1. I didn’t get the promotion (a 10% raise). A male (with
less experience) from my department got it instead.
2. My grandmother, who is illiterate, left school
at age seven. She had to raise her sisters (twins)
instead of going to school. (It makes me sad.)
3. Many women are afraid to call themselves “feminists”.
(They think it’s a negative word.) They don’t realize that
feminists, often stereotyped as man-haters, simply
support equal rights and opportunities for women.
Discussion Questions & Critical Thinking
Individual answers. Can be done individually or in small groups or
pairs. You may want to show Emma Watson’s speech “He For She.”
Also, you may want to share and discuss Emma Watson’s definition
of feminism: “the belief that men and women should have equal rights
and opportunities.”
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