Unit-03 : Engineering Project

Student Name : Sumaiya Akther Tiya

Student ID : ND in AE _423

Assessor Name : MD. Sazid Ali

Submission Date : ..//..//

Group Name : Assassin

Final Report Of The RC Aircraft

Day-01: Radio Control

Radio control (often abbreviated to R/C or simply RC) is the use of control signals
transmitted by radio to remotely control a device. Examples of simple radio control
systems are garage door openers and keyless entry systems for vehicles, in which a
small handheld radio transmitter unlocks or opens doors. Radio control is also used
for control of model vehicles from a hand-held radio transmitter. Industrial, military,
and scientific research organizations make use of radio-controlled vehicles as well.

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 Figure-01: Model

History

In 1894, the first example of wirelessly controlling at a distance was during a

demonstration by the British physicist Oliver Lodge, in which he made use of an
Eduard Brandy’s coherer to make a mirror galvanometer move a beam of light when
an electromagnetic wave was artificially generated. This was further refined by
Guglielmo Marconi and William Preece, at a demonstration that took place on
December 12, 1896, at Toynbee Hall in London, in which they made a bell ring by
pushing a button in a box that was not connected by any wires.

In 1897 a British engineer Ernest Wilson had invented a torpedo that was controlled
by "Hertzian" waves.

In 1898, at an exhibition at Madison Square Garden, Nikola Tesla demonstrated a

small unmanned boat that used a coherer based radio control.

In 1909 the French inventor Gabet demonstrated what he called his "Torpille Radio-
Automatique", a radio-controlled torpedo. In 1917, Archibald Low as head of the
RFC Experimental Works, was the first person to use radio control successfully on an
aircraft

Type of the Aircraft:

As first, we have to choose the type of the aircraft for our RC aircraft. Now the other
thing is to find out the dimensions of the aircraft which are available on the websites.
Besides, we have to select the type of electronics that we are going to use on our
aircraft.

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Then we have decided to build a Fighter Jet because it requires much less power to
fly, and it is as easier as control. Even it deserves an outstanding view.

Planning:

Our planning is very qualified & unique. It bears cheap cost of budget. We have
planned to make a low cost RC aircraft that will be too cheaper to anybody can but it.
After all, we have chooses an Engine, Aileron, Elevator & Speed controller.

Project Specification:-

The Radio Control Aircraft is a flyable aircraft which is made by 2D paper board.
With full of throttle, our aircraft can be reach at 35 to 45 KMPH. It is controlled by
using transmitter. It is a 1 engine aircraft which is 1400KVbrush less motor. We can
use the channel of transmitter for pitch up & pitch down, we can make the aircraft to
turn left & turn left. Our aircraft is also able to act the rolling motion. It has very light
weight so that it is only 495 Gm. It has also super speed charger.

On the other hand, it has no landing gear so that it can land at anywhere. Such as to
the grass, water & so on.

Specifications: -

1) 5 channel

2) Range: 500m Radius

3) Speed: 45kmph

4) Size: 87L+72w+25H

5) Weight: 452g

6) Thrust: 800g

7) Flying Time: 6 to 9 min

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8) Flight type: Full Control flight

9) Power input: 3*800MA

10) Age Requirement for fly: 13+

11) Color: Red

12) life-cycle: 2 years

Design of the RC Jet:

We are preferred to use the mini model of fighter jet such as MIG-29 for our RC
Aircraft. This is used for professionally in our country.

Important parts and Weights: -

1) Foam Sheet for body: 135g

2) Transmitter (MC6C): 494g

3) Engine A2212 1400KV Brushless Motor: 50-60 grams

4) ESC- Electronic Speed Controller: 23g

5) Servo (2): 18g

6) Battery: 125g

7) Mount for motor: 5g

8) Propeller: 6 g

TOOLS:
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  Hot glue gun

 Soldering Iron and solder

 Duct tape

 Rubber bands

 Super glue

Market Research:

As we know, Bangladesh is a non-development country so that it is too difficult to

find out the parts for our RC Aircraft. Finally, it takes 15 days to find out all the parts
in a good price at market research.

Here is the details & the cost:

Propeller : - BDT 70/ $0.82

Battery : - BDT 1600/ $18.84

Foam Sheet for body : -BDT 1000/ $11.77

Transmitter (MC6C) : - BDT 2400/ $28.26

Servo (2) : - BDT 180/ $2.12

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Engine A2212 1400KV

Brushless Motor : - BDT 500/ $5.89

Mount for motor : BDT 70/ $0.82

Electronic Speed Controller

(ESC) : BDT 800/ $9.42

Charger for Battery : BDT 200/ $2.35

Golden Connector : BDT 50/ $0.59

Glue gun & 5 glue sticks : BDT 200+75=275/ $3.24

Total Cost = BDT 6945/ $81.77

Progress Details:

Figure No. 02: All tools for the Aircraft

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ESC: If we need to make the aircraft fly able so that we must need thrust. To make it
fly able we have selected A2212.

1400KV Brushless Motor that can produce 800g thrust. SO, let’s start the Progress.

After completed the attachment, let’s put the motor. We had placed the battery from
10.5cm forward to the motor. The battery is 1500 MAH.

The battery is rechargeable so you don’t need to change the battery until it get old.

The battery can’t provide direct electricity to the motor.

So there is a solution to use a 30A ESC or Electronic Speed Controller.

This small device will help you in 2 ways:

1. As an Electronic Converter

2. As a Speed Controller

Figure No. 03: 30A ESC

We have added the ESC near the battery and connected the 3 output wire from the
ESC to the 3 wires of Motor.

We have selected 30A ESC to fly the RC aircraft.

There is 20A ESC / 30A ESC / 40A ESC etc.

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As our plane have a 1400KV motor so if we use 20A ESC then our ESC will be over
heat and it can be explode.

When we choose the 30A ESC then it is more enough to control the motor. That
means, we don't need 40A ESC because 40A is perfect for 2200kv or more than it.

Transmitter: - Our full of project is called by RC project. Transmitter and Receiver

are not important. Because this project should be complete by the cheap cost. So, we
have used a cheap Transmitter.

Micro Zone MC6C transmitter is so cheap. It is a 6 channel transmitter. We can very

easily control 6 programs by the one transmitter.

Specification of The Transmitter:

 Channel 6

 RF Range 2405MHZ - 2479MHZ

 RP Power <1000MW

 Weight: 436g (empty)

 Weight: 494g with battery

 Size: 215mm*105mm*220mm

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Figure No. 04: Transmitter & Receiver

*Note: Be Careful! It is not allowed to use in rain, it may cause crushed by the water.

Fuselage: There is all the parts are waiting for a new look in the figure number 02.

Figure No. 05: Fuselage

 There is 7 to 9 pieces of Paper board which will be attached with the Fuselage.

 The Fuselage length is 87cm and the width is 72cm and the height is 25cm and
the wingspan is 72 cm.

 Total Surface area: - 2 2524cm.

 After attached all the parts with the fuselage it weight is became 135g.
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Motor:

We need to add the motor now. We have chooses a 1400kv motor for our RC fighter
Jet. Now we are going to add the motor on the bottom of the aircraft.

Figure No. 06: Small gap for motor

 As first, we will put the motor mount very carefully with glue. Then we have
to attach the motor with this on the center of the fuselage. It will produce
thrust so that the plane gains the speed for lift.

 To control the motor, we had added a receiver near the battery. The receiver
will help to receive our command & all the programmes will control by
according to our command.

 There are 3 types of motor. One is 1400kv which is perfect for out RC Jet over
all.

 The other is 900kv motor. But it is unable to fly the aircraft.

 The last one is 2200kv motor. But it is too high powered motor which can
cause damage. Even the aircraft is not designed to bear the pressure of 2200kv
motor.

 At last, we are preferred to use the 1400kv motor. This can be perfect for our
aircraft.

Figure No. 07: Motor

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Our aircraft has been created but it is not controllable yet. Because it can only take off
but cannot land or we cannot make any rotation. Generally, it’s a normal aircraft now.

To make the flight controllable by our aircraft, we need Elevator, Rudder, and
Ailerons. Besides, we need servo to control these surfaces.

Servo will control the Aileron, Elevator & Rudder by a wire. It will wait for our
command to control the servo. As an example, if we command to down the servo, it
goes down and the wire which is connected with the control surfaces it will make our
elevator down.

Flight controls: -

Transmitter has 6 channels for control.

o There is 1st and 2nd channel for servo. Those can control the servo to go to left
& right. Even the servo can control the pitch up and pitch down by those
channels.

o 3rd channel is for throttle. It’s speed controller. The speed is controlled by the
throttle.

o 4th Channel is for landing gear gate.

o 5th Channel is for Landing gear.

o 6th Channel is for other. If we wish to add camera or anything on there then we
can add as our perspective.

Figure No. 08: Servo

Wire Mechanism:
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Here is the Aileron & the Elevator which are connected with the servo describing on
the figure no. 08. We need servo horns to complete the mechanism. So, this
mechanism is called as “Wire Mechanism”. In fact, the aircraft will fly by the Wire
Mechanism.

Final Project :

We are now in a final process of our RC fighter jet. Now, we have to programme the
transmitter. As we know, we often use the left hand gear to get power & for turning
we use the right one. Our process is also same as this case. Besides, there is a thin
wire which is connected from the ESC. It is called “Throttle Wire”. It remains on the
3rd channel.

Now, we are going to put the throttle wire into 3rd channel of the receiver. This wire
will provide electricity on the receiver.

*Note: Channel number 3 is fixed for the Throttle Wire only.

Then we have to put the servo at the 1st & the 2nd channel.

Now, it’s time to check out all the system. On the other hand, we need to bind the
receiver with the transmitter & set the throttle at the low speed. Then we increase the
speed be carefully. After all, we should check the motor that it is properly fixed with
the fuselage & if it is not vibrating.

On the other step, we will see that how the motor is rotating. So, we have to set the
throttle at the max point. Then we can justify, it’s rotating by clockwise or anti-clock
wise.

Next, if it is rotating by anti-clock wise. Then we have to exchange the wires one with
another from the ESC to the motor to change its rotation. Besides, the motor is very
powerful. So, we should be prepared while checking.

*Note: Be Careful! At the time of checking, fingers & mouth should be far away
from the propeller if the throttle is in a high speed or half speed. Because it can cause
cut your fingers in a few moments.

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Figure No. 09: Final view of the RC Jet

Simple Joining:

We have used the hot glue to join the servos & the fuselage. There is also available to
use super glue for the permanent process. Now, it’s time to check out for the 1st
report.

1st Test Report of the RC Jet:

On 9th June, 2020-We have faced some problems. Out aircraft has been crushed &
Propeller has been lost. It was non-balanced. The servos were less controllable to fly.

1st Repairing process:

To repair the servos, we have to set it’s rotation between 0 to 70 degrees on the left
& the right side. Besides, we should have a new propeller.

2nd Test Repost of the RC Jet:

On 15th June, 2020-After completed the repairing of the servos we took another flight.
Sorrowfully, It is became failed. The aircraft got crushed in the water. As the aircraft
had been crushed on the water, our receiver & battery became damaged. Even we
have lost our ESC also and it happens because of full speed throttle.

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2nd Repairing Process:

Next time, we have changed our ESC. We have added 30+A ESC for the motor &
avoid the full speed of throttle. Even we took new battery & receiver.

Final Test Report of the RC Jet:

On 20th June, 2020-Today is the final test report of our RC Jet. There is no error at this
time. It can fly 45 to 50 km/hr. It deserves 5 to 9 minutes duration in flying. On the
other hand, there is no permission to fly our aircraft because 2 more tests were left.
One is air crossing & the other one is during rain. If those tests will have been
succeeded then we will permit our RC Jet to fly.

Figure No. 10: Animated scene of flying Jet

New FAA Drone/RC Aircraft Rules and Regulations:

If you are a drone flyer, these are the new FAA drone regulations from a notice
released on May 17th that you need to be aware of.

1. Drone owners are now obligated to display their registration number issued by
the FAA on the outside of the device rather than in the battery compartment
which was previously required. This purpose of this new rule is to make
identification of drones easier.
2. Another change involves flying within 5 miles of an airport. Previously, drone
owners could notify air traffic control for authorization to do so, but now
special authorization is required that cannot be done over the phone.
3. There are other restrictions on where drones can be flown as well. The new
regulations restrict flying near sensitive areas like high-security military bases
as well as flying near certain infrastructure because of safety concerns.
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 4. Recreational drone users must now fly their drone within their line of sight so
as to easily move out of way if necessary, for any manned aircraft.
5. Perhaps the most drastic new rule mentions a mandatory aeronautical safety
and knowledge test that drone users must pass. Currently there is no test
developed yet and a date for when this regulation will be put in place has not
been announced.

The FAA says that these rules are designed to improve drone flying safety and to
mitigate any issues that have arisen since these small aircraft became common for
recreational use.

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