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WBCs: Classification & Functions

This document provides information on white blood cells (leukocytes), including their classification, morphology, normal ranges, and functions. It discusses the five main types of leukocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. For each type, it describes their cell size, nucleus characteristics, cytoplasmic appearance, granule features if present, and normal percentages in a differential white blood cell count. The document also outlines the lifespan of different white blood cells and their key roles in immunity and defense against pathogens.

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361 views22 pages

WBCs: Classification & Functions

This document provides information on white blood cells (leukocytes), including their classification, morphology, normal ranges, and functions. It discusses the five main types of leukocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. For each type, it describes their cell size, nucleus characteristics, cytoplasmic appearance, granule features if present, and normal percentages in a differential white blood cell count. The document also outlines the lifespan of different white blood cells and their key roles in immunity and defense against pathogens.

Uploaded by

irajput 001
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dr Pall

Objectives
At the end of this lecture, every student will
be able to:
— Define Leucopoiesis
— Classify White blood cells
— Describe their Morphology.
— Tell the Functions of leukocytes
Leucopoiesis
Normal range of WBC

§At birth,in full term infant: 10,000-25,000/cu


mm of blood
§Infants upto 1 yr of age:6000-16,000/cu mm
of blood
§Adults:4000-11,000/cu mm of blood
White blood cell counts, cont.
A differential white blood cell count (DIFF) can
help pinpoint the nature of an illness, indicating
whether it is caused by bacteria or viruses. A
differential white blood cell count lists the
percentages of the types of leukocytes in a blood
sample.

•7
Classification

§Granulocytes §Agranulocytes
Neutrophils Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils

Basophils
Neutrophils
1. Cell size- 10-14µm
2. Nucleus- central or eccentric; 2-6
lobes;deep purplish blue
3. Cytoplasm- faint pink
4. Granules- smooth; violet-pink in
Normal values
color
•Differential:60
-70%
•Absolute:2000
-7500/µl of
blood
Neutrophils
Two types of Granules:
1. Azurophil:
— Myeloperoxidase
— Lysozyme
— Elastase
— Collegenase
— Cathepsins

2. Specific Granules:
• Lysozyme
• Lactoferrin
• Phosphatase
Eosinophils
1. Cell size- 10-14µm
2. Nucleus- central or eccentric; 2-3
lobes; purplish blue; “spectacle
shaped”
3. Cytoplasm- acidophilic;bright
pink or red in color
Normal values
4. Granules- large; coarse; crimson
•Differential: 1-
4% red
Basophils
1. Cell size- 10-14µm
2. Nucleus- central; 2-3 lobes; violet;
overlaid with granules
3. Cytoplasm- basophilic; full of
granules
Normal values
4. Granules- very coarse,deep purple
•Differential: or blue
0.25-0.5%
Monocyte
1. Cell size- 12-20µm
2. Nucleus- eccentric or central;
round or oval (Kidney or bean
shaped); pale bluish violet
Normal values 3. Cytoplasm- abundant; pale
blue; clear
•Differential:
2-6%

Reticuloendothelial
sysytem
Lymphocyte
1. Cell size- LL:12-16µm; SL:7-
10µm
2. Nucleus- eccentric; large
round nucleus; deep purplish
blue
Normal values
3. Cytoplasm- scanty; light blue
•Differential:2
5-33% color
Life Span Of WBC
— Not constant.
q Neutrophils -> in tissues 4-5 days
q Eosinophils -> in tissues 4-5 days
q Basophils -> In tissues 4-5 days
q Monocytes -> in tissue months to year
q Lymphocytes -> in tissues months or years
FUNCTIONS
Neutrophils

§ 1st line of defense

§ Granules contain enzymes like


Nucleotidases
Catalases

§ Antibody like substances -> Defensins


Eosinophils
— Defense (specially against parasites )

— Role in allergic reactions

— Substances present in granules


1. Major basic protein
2. Hydrolytic enzymes
3. Eosinophil peroxidase
4. histaminases
Basophils
— Role in allergic responses
— Substances present in granules
1. Histamine
2. Heparin
3. Serotonin
4. Bradykinin
Monocytes
— 1st line of defense
— Motile & phagocytic
— APC
— Precursors of tissue macrophages
secrete:
1. Interleukin 1
2. Colony stimulating factor
Lymphocytes

— Immunity
1.T- Lymphocyte -> Cellular Immunity

2.B- Lymphocyte -> Humoral Immunity


Kindly try to read from:
• Guyton, 14th edition, Chapter 34, pp 449-457
•22
• Sherwood, 9th edition, Chapter 11, pp 392-394

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