EXCEL REVIEW CENTER ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

CP: 0919 822 5048 | 0917 328 4664 my.excelreviewcenter.com.ph Analytic Geom 1
Rectangular Coordinates System Point O is the origin and has
Definition Also known as Cartesian Coordinates System coordinates (0,0). The abscissa or
Analytic geometry deals with geometric x-coordinate is always measured
problems using coordinates system y-axis
abscissa (x2,y2) from the y-axis while the ordinate
thereby converting it into algebraic  or y-coordinate is always measured
problems. Excel Review Center from the x-axis. The rectangular
d coordinates system is divided into
Quadrant II ordinate four quadrants as shown.
(x1,y1)
X1  Quadrant I
Distance Formula
origin (0,0) Y1 Distance between two points

 x 2  x1    y 2  y 1 
2 2
x-axis d

Quadrant III Quadrant IV Slope of

y2  y2
Rene Descartes (1596 – 1650, Cartesius in Latin
a Line m
x 2  x1
language) is regarded as the founder of analytic
geometry by introducing coordinates system in 1637. Excel Review Center
Slope = 0
Angle between two Lines Distance between a Point
 m  m1 
  tan 1  2 and a Line
 1  m m 
 2 1  Ax1  By 1  C
d
 A2  B2
M1
d is perpendicular to line
(X1, Y1)
  Slope = 
d

Parallel lines:
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M2
M1 m1  m2
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M2

Perpendicular lines:
Angle between d
C1  C2 Sign Convention: Use
+ if B is positive and the point is above
two Parallel Lines  A2  B2 the line or to the right of the line
+ if B is negative and the point is below M1 1
the line or to the left of the line
m2  
m1
- If otherwise M2
d is perpendicular to lines
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(X1, Y1)
Division 
of Line r2 Let r1 and r2 be the corresponding ratio of its
length to the total distance between two points.
d Segment
 P(x, y) (x1 r2 )  (x 2 r1 ) (y 1 r2 )  (y 2r1 )
x y
r1 r1  r2 r1  r2

If P is at midpoint of two points.

d is always positive value  x1  x 2 y1  y2
(X1, Y1) x y
2 2
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