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SECTION A : GENERAL INPUT

NOTE: Design is based on the section considered at maximum height located along the length
and per meter strip length

Dimensions
H = 12.54 m (max. height)
H1 = 1.20 m
H2 = 11.34 m
B1 = 0.00 m Active fill
B2

Outer side of wall

= 1.20 m

Inner side of wall

H2
B3
H
= 8.00 m
B = 9.20 m
Height of active fill above slab
Passive
Ha = 11.34 m fill
Height of passive fill above slab Slab top
H1

Hp = 0.00 m (neglected)
Length = 1 m A
Slab bottom
B3

B2
B
Generic shape of wall (for dimension input)

Reinforced concrete properties

d1 Slab reinforcement diameter (top and bottom) = 16 mm
s1 Slab reinforcement spacing (top and bottom) = 150 mm
d2 Wall inner side reinforcement diameter = 16 mm
s2 Wall inner side reinforcement spacing = 150 mm
cnom Concrete cover to slab = 55 mm
cnom Concrete cover to wall = 55 mm

Concrete Grade C40/50

fck Characteristic concrete cylinder strength = 40 N/mm2
fyk Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement = 500 N/mm2
EN2-2/ Cl. 3.2.7 Es Modulus of elasticity for reinforcement = 200 GPa

γc Partial factor for concrete for ULS = 1.5

NA to EN2-1-1 / Cl.
2.4.2.4 γs Partial factor for reinforcement for ULS = 1.15

BS EN 1991-1-1: γ Density of reinforced concrete = 25 kN/m3

2002-Annex A

Fill properties
From Geotech γ Density of granular backfill = 18.6 kN/m3

From Geotech δ Angle of the top inclined portion on retained side = 0 o

AIP / cl.4.1.8 q Minimum surcharge above embankment = 20 kN/m2

SET A SET B SET C

EQU STR / GEO STR / GEO

EN7-1/Table A.NA.4,
Table A.NA.2
γɸ' Partial factor for soil paramter 1.1 1.0 1.25
Series 600 j'd Design angle of shearing resistance (6N1 fill) = 30 40 34
Rankine Earth pressure
coeffiecient
ka Coefficient of active earth pressure x cos δ = 0.33 0.22 0.28 Modified due to
k0 Coefficient of earth pressure at rest = 0.50 0.36 0.44 inclined backfill
kp Coefficient of passive earth pressure x cos δ = 3.00 4.60 3.52
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Ultimate Limit State Parameters

BS EN 1992-2:2005- η Factor for effective strength = 1.00
Cl. 3.1.7 λ Factor for effective height of compression zone = 0.80
NA to BS EN 1992- αcc Coefficient of design compressive strength = 0.85
2:2005-Cl. 3.1.6

BS EN 1992-1-1:2004- εcu3 Concrete strain at failure = 0.0035

Table 3.1

k1 Coefficient of axial compression = 0.15

NA to BS EN 1992-2:
2005-Cl. 6.2.2 (101)
NEd Axial force in cross-section = 0.00

Serviceability Limit State Parameters

NA to BS EN 1992- k1 Stress limitation factor for concrete = 0.60
2:2005-Cl. 7.2

NA to BS EN 1992-1- k3 Stress limitation factor for reinforcement = 0.80

1:2004-Cl. 7.2

BS EN 1992-2:2005- kt Crack width load duration factor = 0.40 long term

Cl. 7.3.4

BS EN 1992-2:2005-
k1 Crack width coefficient for bond properties = 0.80 high bond bars
Cl. 7.3.4 k2 Crack width coefficient for strain distribution = 0.50 bending
NA to BS EN 1992-1-
k3 Crack width coefficient for cover = 3.40
1:2004-Cl. 7.3.4 k4 Crack width coefficient for upper bound = 0.43

BS EN 1992-2:2005- φ Creep coefficient = 2.06 (at t= infinity)

Cl. 3.1.4

BS EN 1992-1-1:2004- fctm Axial tensile strength of concrete = 3.50 MPa

Table 3.1

BS EN 1992-1-1:2004- ξ1 Adjusted ratio of bond strength for prestressing and = 0.00 no prestress
Cl. 7.3.2
reinforcing steel
Ap Area of prestressing strands = 0.00 no prestress
NA to BS EN 1992-
wmax = 0.30 mm
2:2005-Table NA.2
Allowable crack width for quasi-permanent load combination
k Coefficient for the effect of non-uniform self-equilibrating = 1.00 conservative
BS EN 1992-2:2005-
Cl. 7.3.2
stresses
kc Coefficient for stress distribution = 0.40 bending

ex Eccentricity of all forces w.r.t the toe (point A)

MA Moments of all forces about the toe (point A)

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SECTION B: CHECK FOR STABILITY

Unit metre strip is considered

1. LOAD AND MOMENT DUE TO DEAD LOAD

Clockwise moment +
F ex MA
Description
kN/m m kNm/m
I. Self weight
a) 11.34 x 1.20 x 1 x 25 340 0.60 204
b) 9.20 x 1.20 x 1 x 25 276 4.60 1270

Surfacing
8.00 x 0.15 x 1 26 31 5.20 162

III. Earth fill outer side of wall ('T' only)

0.00 x 0.00 x 1 18.6 0 0.00 0

2. LOAD AND MOMENT DUE TO EARTH PRESSURE

σbase F ex MA
Description
kN/m2 kN/m m kNm/m
SET A
Earth Pressure at Base
ka x (Ha+H1) x γb
0.33 x 12.54 x 18.6 77.73
Horizontal Force Ha-I
1/2 x 78 x 12.54 x 1 -487.25 4.18 -2036.20

SET B
Earth Pressure at Base
0.22 x 12.54 x 19 50.71
Horizontal Force Ha-I
1/2 x 51 x 12.54 x 1 -317.84 4.18 -1328.27

SET C
Earth Pressure at Base
0.28 x 12.54 x 19 66.28
Horizontal Force Ha-I
1/2 x 66 x 12.54 x 1 -415.48 4.18 -1736.27
12.54

4.18

σbase

3. LOAD AND MOMENT DUE TO MINIMUM SURCHARGE

(incl. construction activities and compaction)
F ex MA
Description
kN/m m kNm/m
Vertical Load
q x b x l
= 9 x 8.00 x 1 72 5.2 374

Horizontal Load
ka x q x (Ha+H1) x l
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= 0.22 x 20 x 12.54 x 1 0 6.27 0

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20 kPa

12.54
8.0 HLL

6.27
4. BASE PRESSURE CALCULATION-SET B
EN 1990 / Table
NA.A2.4(B)
Design Approach 1, Combination 1: A1+M1+R1
in ref cl. A2.3.1(5)/EN1990 and cl.2.4.7.3.4.2/EN1997

Partial factors for

Combination
Self weight Earth fill Active EP Passive EP LL Sur factor of Safety (based on IS to be
Combination 1A 1 0.95 0 0.95 1.35
Combination 1B 1 1.35 0 0.95 1.35
Combination 1C 1 1.35 0 0.95 1.35
Combination 1D 1 0.95 0 0.95 1.35

Vertical load at A
Self weight Earth fill Active EP Passive EP LL Sur
Combination
kN/m kN/m kN/m kN/m kN/m
Combination 1A 616 30 0 - 97.2
Combination 1B 616 42 0 - 97.2
Combination 1C 616 42 0 - 97.2
Combination 1D 616 30 0 - 97.2

Moment @A (+ve is stabilising and -ve is overturning moment)

Self weight Earth fill Active EP Passive EP LL Sur
Combination
kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m
Combination 1A 1474 154 0 - 505
Combination 1B 1474 219 0 - 505
Combination 1C 1474 219 0 - 505
Combination 1D 1474 154 0 - 505

Forces at centre of base (+ve is stabilising and -ve is overturning moment)

Vertical load Moment Eccentricity (e)
Combination
kN/m kNm/m m
Combination 1A 743 -1284 1.73
Combination 1B 755 -1277 1.69
Combination 1C 755 -1277 1.69
Combination 1D 743 -1284 1.73

Base pressure σ = P M if e < B

±
A Z 6

σ = 4P if e > B
3L(B-2e) 6

Area of base, A = 1.00 x 9.20 = 9.20 m2

Section modulus, Z = 1/6 x 1.00 x 9.20 = 14.11 m3

Maximum base Minimum base

Combination pressure pressure
kN/m2/m kN/m2/m
Combination 1A 173 0
Combination 1B 173 0
Combination 1C 173 0
Combination 1D 173 0
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5. BASE PRESSURE CALCULATION-SET C

EN 1990 / Table
NA.A2.4(C) Design Approach 1, Combination 2: A2+M2+R1
in ref cl. A2.3.1(5)/EN1990 and cl.2.4.7.3.4.2/EN1997
Partial factors for
Combination
Self weight Earth fill Active EP Passive EP LL Sur
Combination 2 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.00 1.15

Vertical load at A
Self weight Earth fill Active EP Passive EP LL Sur
Combination
kN/m kN/m kN/m kN/m kN/m
Combination 2 616 31 0 0 83

Moment @A (+ve is stabilising and -ve is overturning moment)

Self weight Earth fill Active EP Passive EP LL Sur
Combination
kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m
Combination 2 1474 162 -2084 - 431

Forces at centre of base (+ve is stabilising and -ve is overturning moment)

Vertical load Moment Eccentricity (e)
Combination
kN/m kNm/m m
Combination 2 730 -3376 4.62

Base pressure, s = P M if e < B , σ = 4P if e > B

±
A Z 6 3L(B-2e) 6
Area of base, A = 1.0 x 9.20 = 9.20 m2
Section modulus, Z = 1/6 x 1.0 x 9.20 2 = 14.11 m3
Maximum base Minimum base
Combination pressure pressure
kN/m2/m kN/m2/m
Combination 2 -20826 0.00

EN 1990 / cl. 6.5.3 6. BASE PRESSURE CALCULATION- SLS

and As settlement is a long-term effect, the quasi-permanent combination is
NA.2.3.9 applicable (i.e. live load surcharge Ψ2 = 0)
Partial factors for
Combination
Self weight Earth fill Active EP Passive EP LL Sur
Characteristic 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Quasi-permanent 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0

Vertical load at A
Self weight Earth fill Active EP Passive EP LL Sur
Combination
kN/m kN/m kN/m kN/m kN/m
Characteristic 616 31 0 0 72
Quasi-permanent 616 31 0 0 0

Moment @A (+ve is stabilising and -ve is overturning moment)

Self weight Earth fill Active EP Passive EP LL Sur
Combination
kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m kNm/m
Characteristic 1474 162 -1328 - 374
Quasi-permanent 1474 162 -1328 - 0

Forces at centre of base (+ve is stabilising and -ve is overturning moment)

Vertical load Moment Eccentricity (e)
Combination
kN/m kNm/m m
Characteristic 719 -2627 3.65
Quasi-permanent 647 -2670 4.12

Base pressure, s = P M if e < B , σ = 4P if e > B

±
A Z 6 3L(B-2e) 6
Area of base, A = 1.00 x 9.20 = 9.20 m2
Section modulus, Z = 1/6 x 1.00 x 9.20 2 = 14.11 m3
Maximum base Minimum base
Combination pressure pressure
kN/m2/m kN/m2/m
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Characteristic 506 0
Quasi-permanent 908 0