Young's modulus describes the elastic properties of a material. It represents a material's resistance to elastic deformation from an applied stress. Hooke's law states that the amount of elastic deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress. Elastic deformation is reversible, so the material will return to its original shape when the stress is removed. Plastic deformation is irreversible and causes a material to remain deformed. The Heckel equation models plastic deformation during powder compaction into tablets based on a first-order reaction framework. It can be used to determine the yield pressure or stress of particles from the slope of the linear region of the Heckel profile.
Young's modulus describes the elastic properties of a material. It represents a material's resistance to elastic deformation from an applied stress. Hooke's law states that the amount of elastic deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress. Elastic deformation is reversible, so the material will return to its original shape when the stress is removed. Plastic deformation is irreversible and causes a material to remain deformed. The Heckel equation models plastic deformation during powder compaction into tablets based on a first-order reaction framework. It can be used to determine the yield pressure or stress of particles from the slope of the linear region of the Heckel profile.
Young's modulus describes the elastic properties of a material. It represents a material's resistance to elastic deformation from an applied stress. Hooke's law states that the amount of elastic deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress. Elastic deformation is reversible, so the material will return to its original shape when the stress is removed. Plastic deformation is irreversible and causes a material to remain deformed. The Heckel equation models plastic deformation during powder compaction into tablets based on a first-order reaction framework. It can be used to determine the yield pressure or stress of particles from the slope of the linear region of the Heckel profile.
Young's modulus describes the elastic properties of a material. It represents a material's resistance to elastic deformation from an applied stress. Hooke's law states that the amount of elastic deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress. Elastic deformation is reversible, so the material will return to its original shape when the stress is removed. Plastic deformation is irreversible and causes a material to remain deformed. The Heckel equation models plastic deformation during powder compaction into tablets based on a first-order reaction framework. It can be used to determine the yield pressure or stress of particles from the slope of the linear region of the Heckel profile.
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 3
YOUNG’S MODULUS and ELASTIC DEFORMATION
When stress is applied on a material first it deforms elastically. This resistance to deformation is described as Young’s modulus of elasticity or Young’s Modulus (E).
Elastic Deformation of solids is described by Hooke’s law:
σ dl= E Where, dl is elastic deformation or extension in length l caused by the application of stress σ .
For an ideal elastic solid, Hooke’s law states that the stress is directly proportional to the strain. This relationship is obeyed by real solids at moderate stresses and strains sustained for short periods of time. The modulus of elasticity or Young’s modulus, E, is a measure of the stiffness, hardness, or resistance to elongation. Young’s modulus has the same dimensions as stress.
The linear portion of above graph shows that deformation is elastic and corresponds to Hooke’s Law. Elastic Deformation is reversible deformation and once the stress is removed material returns to its original length. But non-linearity above a certain stress shows that irreversible deformation has started and material will no longer return to its original position. HECKEL EQUATION and PLASTIC DEFORMATION
This equation explains the compaction of granules into tablets in form of a mathematical equation. The compression of a powder can be described in terms of a First-order reaction where the pores are
the reactant, and the densification is the product. Based on this assumption, the following expression
was derived:
ln ( 1e )=KP+ A where e is the tablet porosity, P the applied pressure, A is a constant suggested to re ect particle rearrangement and fragmentation, and K the slope of the linear part of the relationship which is suggested to reflect the deformation of particles during compression.
The reciprocal of the slope value K is often calculated and considered to represent the yield stress or yield pressure (Py) for the particles
ln ( 1e )=( P1 )+ A y
The yield stress is de ned as the stress at which plastic deformation of a particle is initiated.
Following figure shows a typical Heckel profile.
Region I: The profile often shows an initial curvature (region I) which is associated with particle fragmentation and repositioning.
Region II: Thereafter, the relationship is often linear over a substantial range of applied pressures (region II) and thus obeys the expression. The linear part is considered to reflect a situation where particle deformation controls the compression process and from the gradient of this linear part, the yield pressure can be calculated. Region III: Finally, the profile again deviates from the linear relationship (region III) and this curvature is considered to reflect elastic deformation of the whole tablet.
