PROJECT HEAD: IMAGES FROM:

TEODORA M. www.freepik.com
GALANG

CONTRIBUTORS: ANA ROSE I. COLARINA │ EMERSON T.

ARMERO │ KRISTINE Y. ZANTUA MARGIE A. PAPASIN │
PHILIPP JAMES A. MANILA │ ROSITA S. PANGILINAN

LANGUAGE/CONTENT EDITOR AND

EVALUATOR: JONATHAN H. MARQUEZ SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
EVALUATOR/VALIDATO 0
R: JACKIE LOU A.
ALMIRA, Ph.D

CONSULTANT: EDNA
F. HEMEDEZ, Ed.D

LAYOUT AND BOOK

COVER: PHILIPP JAMES
A. MANILA
 How to Use this Module
Context of Text Development

This module is designed for you, dear learner. This is Introduction

divided into different parts such as
pre-test, SLK proper, post-test, and next steps. All these are crafted to enable you to meet the
competencies for Reading and Writings Skills. It is required that you answer the pre-test first
before you go with the SLK proper and other parts of the module.

This SLK in Reading and Writing Skills is designed to help the learners to understand the
subject at their own pace and comfort. Likewise, it focuses on the Content Standard that
demands the learner to understand the relationship of a written text and the context in which it
was developed. It also delves on the Performance Standard that each senior high school is
required to write a 1,000 word critique of a selected text on the basis of its claim/s, context, and
properties of a material. Finally, the learner is asked to fulfill the Learning Competency to
identify the context in which a text was developed by hypertext or intertext.

In addition, students are expected to realize the following objectives:

• Classify texts as intertext or hypertext.

• Take notes from a video watched.

11th/12th Grade English Reading and

Writing Skills Self-Learning Kit SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
1

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade th

letter of the correct answer.

A B C D 1. It refers to a work whose meaning is shaped by

 other texts. A. Intertextuality B. Intertext C. SLK Proper
Hypertext D. Link A B C D 2. It is characterized by
external links.
A. Intertextuality B. Intertext C. Hypertext D. Link A B C D 3. It is a dialogue among
different texts and interpretations of the writer, the
reader, and the context. A. Intertextuality B. Intertext C. Hypertext D. Hyperlink A B C D
4. Hypertext is a text on a computer screen or other electronic devices with
_______ to other texts which the reader can immediately access. A. Intertextuality B. Intertext
C. Hypertext D. Hyperlink A B C D 5. The cited texts in intertext contain a ________ which was
borrowed from other
texts. A.
Situation B.
Setting C.
Context D.
Language

SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
2
Fill in the graphic below with the information you gathered.
1. Learning Experience
• Hypertext
Let’s Try!
Directions: Watch the video about hypertext and intertext from the link
• Intertext
below. Do not forget to take down notes while watching.

Intertext and Hypertext Let’s Think!

Cainglet
https:youtu.be/QeR3Q40dKdA
How are hypertext and intertext different from each
Pre-test
How did the activity help you in having the idea of th
terms?

Let’s Keep These in Mind!

Intertext happens when an author borrows or cites

texts contain a context which was b

Intertextuality is a dialogue among different texts a

reader, and the context.
 Hypertext is related with the manner of reading a text
_______________________________________________
online. It is text on a computer screen or
other electronic devices with references (hyperlink)
_______________________________________________
to other texts which the reader can

Let’s Do This!

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade th

Directions. Write I if the context of each story is intertext; write H if it is
letter of the correct answer.
Hypertext.
A B C D 1. What kind of work has its meaning is shaped by
_____1. Snow, Glass, Apples is a short story by Neil Gaiman. This
other
piece tells the story of Snow White from the point of texts?
view ofA. Intertextuality
her B. Intertext C. Hypertext D. Li
A B C D
stepmother, who was actually trying to save the kingdom from h er2. Which of the following is described by link
blood thirsty stepdaughter. A. Intertextuality B. Intertext C. Hypertext D. Link A B
dialogue am
_____2. Wicked by Gregory Mcguire revolves around the story of the
of the writer, the reader, and the context? A. Intertextuality
Wicked Witch of the West from Frank Baum’s
Hypertext D. Hyperlink A B C D 4. Which of the following gi
the misunderstood protagonist, Elphaba.
access to other texts?
_____3. Fast City by Don Bosco is an interactive narrative which presents a set of conflicts
A. Intertextuality B.
Intertext C.
and psychological landscapes placed within a technology-obsessed urban space.
Hypertext D.
Hyperlink
Post-test
SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND
WRITING SKILLS
3
_____4. The Museum by Adam Kenney emulates the experience of being in a museum by
allocating a page to each part of the museum and giving the reader free rein as to where he/she
wants to go by providing links to the different ‘areas’ of the museum.

_____5. Bridget Jones’s Diary by Helen Fielding is written in a diary format and chronicles
events within a year in the life of protagonist Bridget in the 90s; it is loosely based on Jane
Austen’s Pride and Prejudice.

2. Reflection

Does incorporating intertext and hypertext make reading/writing more interesting? Why?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
 SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND 4
WRITING SKILLS
A B C D 5. Which of the following is borrowed from other texts?
A. Situation B.
Setting C.
Context D.
Language

List three more examples for hypertext and intertext.

SELF-LEARNING
Hypertext 1.
WRITING SKILLS
2. 3. 5
Intertext 1.

2. 3.

Tandoc, S. (2016). Reading and Writing Skills. Mindshapers: Philippines

CRITICAL READING AS
Barot, J. (2016). Academic Reading and Writing. C&E Publishing, Inc.: Philippines
Next Steps

This module is designed for you, dear learner. This

pre-test, SLK proper, post-test, and next steps. All these a
competencies for Reading and Writings Skills. It is requir
before you go with the SLK proper and other parts of the m

References
 This module is a part of a series of modules for Reading and Writing Skills. This was SELF-LEARNING
developed for you to understand Text and Context Connections in Critical reading. This would WRITING SKILLS
help you understand the relationship of a written text and the context in which it was developed. 6
Also, this would enable you to write a 1000-word critique of a selected text on the basis of its
claim/s, context, and properties as a written material.
Specifically, this aims to enable you to explain critical reading as reasoning.
Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade th
(EN11/12RWS-IVac-8)
letter of the correct answer. A B C D 1. It involves readers’
Moreover, the following are the objectives which should be
by applying met at the end of this
various
module:
skills. A. Inference B. Reading Skills C. Claims D. Critical
• Analyze an article provided. 2. Which of the following is not a purpose of
• Compose an essay which explains critical
A. reading
evaluateas a way
ideas B. of reasoning.
accept all information as is C. reveal m

11th/12th Grade English Reading and and evaluate the preciseness of reasoning A B C D 3. It is t
and opinions as well as justifying stand

Writing Skills Self-Learning

based on existing knowledge and experiences A. fact B. va
Kit
C. criticism D. reasoning A B C D 4. A critical reader has th
ability to:
A. accurately summarize arguments from the text B. identify
stated or implied assumptions D. all of the above A B C D 5
questions can be used in evaluating a text?
A. Who is the text in dialogue with? B. Is any
methodology laid out? C. What audience is th
Are the conclusions warranted by the evidenc

How to Use this Module

1. Learning Experience

Let’s Tr y!
Directions: Read the text on the link
with information about the text.

Why jailing kids is not just cruel,

Punongbayan (2019) https://www.ra
leaders/221789-reasons-jailing- kid
Introduction
Pre-test
 SLK Proper Let’s Keep These in Mind!

Critical reading involves readers’ active engagement to th

The critical reading activity is done to reveal the main idea
and connect the information, predict its purpose, analyze th
view, and evaluate ideas (Flemming, 2012). A critical rea
summarize arguments from the text, (2) identify claim
assumptions, (4) analyze and evaluate the preciseness of
thesis statement, and (5) analyze, evaluate, and explain the
of particular facts or sources of information (Barnet & Beda
of expressing ideas and opinions as well as justifying stan
experiences (Cambridge, 2016). Knott (2016) has suggest
reading: 1. First determine the central claims or purpo
reading
attempts to identify and assess how these central cl
SELF-LEARNING
Begin KIT FOR some
to make READING AND about context. What au
judgments
WRITING SKILLS
it in dialogue with? (This will probably be other scholars or a
7 what historical context is it written? All these matters of con
assessment
Why jailing kids is not just cruel, of too
it’s stupid what is going on in a text. 3. Distinguish th
Author employs. What concepts are defined and used? Does the
any specific methodology laid

Main Idea

Purpose SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
8
Thesis/Argument of the Text out? If there is an appeal to a particular concept, theory, or
or method then used to organize and interpret the data? Yo
Claims Presented organized: how has the author analyzed (broken down) the
disciplines (i.e. history, sociology, philosophy, biology) will h
Examine the evidence (the supporting facts, examples,
Your Personal Evaluation of evidence is indispensable to an argument. Having worked t
the Text position to grasp how the evidence is used to develop the a
and concepts. Steps 1-3 allow you to see evidence in its co
evidence that are used. What counts as evidence in this arg
Let’s Think!
literary? historical? etc. From what sources is the evidence
secondary? 5. Critical reading may involve evaluation. Y
What skill/s did you apply in the activity? critical if it accounts for and makes a series of judgments ab
some essays may also require you to assess the strengths
the argument
How were you able to come up with the responses needed isforstrong, why? Could it be better or differentl
the activity? or inconsistencies in the argument? Is the method of analys
be interpreted differently? Are the conclusions warranted by
the unargued assumptions? Are they problematic? What m
Let’s Do This certain thesis statement B. accept all information as is C. k
of the above A B C D 3. What is the process of expressin
Writing Activity. In one paragraph, explain critical reading as a way of
reasoning. stand based on existing knowledge and experiences A. fac
reasoning A B C D 4. Which step in critical reading is used
judgments
2. Reflection Why is critical reading as a way of reasoning about how a text is argued?
important? A. evaluation B. examining evidence C. determining reason
determining claims A B C D 5. Which question can be aske
_________________________________________________________________________
judgments about
_________________________________________________________________________
context? A. Who is the text in dialogue with?
_________________________________________________________________________
any specific methodology laid out? C. What
_________________________________________________________________________
as evidence in this argument? D. Does the te
_________________________________________________________________________
appeal to a theory or theories?

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade the circle that corresponds to the
Write a reflection on this video from Youtube:
letter of the correct answer. A B C D 1. Which of the following involves readers’ active
engagement to think deeply by Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing
applying various skills? A. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yySPeYaF2Q&t=97s
Inference B. Reading
Skills C. Claims D. Critical
Reading
Post-test

Barnet, S. & Bedau, H. (2011). Critical thinking, read

York: Bedford/St. Martin’s.

Cambridge (2016). Reasoning. retrieved from www.

Flemming, L. (2012). Reading for thinking. Boston: W

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR(2019).

Freepik READING ANDvector photos and Icons. ht
Various
WRITING SKILLS
You can also scan this QR
code using the QR scanner
9 app from Google Play for
quick access of the video.
A B C D 2. Which of the following is a purpose of critical reading?
Next Steps
A. analyze and evaluate the preciseness of the reasoning that supports a
 References SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
11

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND

WRITING SKILLS
10
Knott, D. (2016). Critical Reading Towards Critical Writing.
www.advice.writing.utoronto.ca FORMULATING EVA
Punongbayan, J (2019). Why jailing kids is not just cruel, it’s stupid too
STATEMENT
https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/221789-reasons-jailing-kids-not-just-
cruel-stupid-too

Congratulations! You have successfully mastered

critical reading as reasoning. Now, it’s time for you to learn
you more to become a better critical reader and a critical t
experienced frowning and arguing to a reading material a
from your judgment? I am pretty sure you like to know an
doing in instances like that? To know this, all you have to d
Oh! You seem interested and excited! But oops! Don’t forge
you my dear learner before you proceed to the Self-Lea
waiting for, this part of the module is right for you! Good luc

Most of us readers get satisfaction from the reading m

our watchful eyes tend to grasp the essence of the text/s a
argument/s presented. This is where we formulate our jud
part of the module will help you master the competency on: SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
• formulating assertions about the content and properties of a text read 12
✓ formulate evaluative statements about the text read
• formulating meaningful counterclaims in response to claims made in a text read.
To achieve these, expect to encounter tasks and activit
• Meanwhile, the following are the objectives to be met at the end of the lesson:
above-mentioned competency.
o identify assertions
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to answer th
th th
11 /12 Grade English Reading and Good luck!

Writing Skills Self-Learning Kit

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade th

letter of the correct answer. A B C D 1. Which of the followin
show the strength and
weaknesses of something through writing.
A. Assertion B. Counterclaim C. Evaluative Statement D
statement, “Facebook is a cooler soc
what type of assertion? A. Fact B. Opinion C. Preference
Convention A B C D 3.Read the assertion below and iden
its type.

How to Use this Module “Earth is the third planet from the sun and is th
planets.” A. Fact B. Opinion C. Convention D. Preference A
you call the claims made to rebu
A. Assertions B. Claims C. Counterclaims D. Argument A
choice; therefore,
objectively proven or logically attacked. A.
Fact B. Opinion C. Convention D.
Preference
Pre-test

Introduction
 SELF-LEARNING
4. KIT FOR READING AND
WRITING
2. SKILLS
13 Activity 1: SPEAK YOUR MIND!

Take a look at the pictures below. W

*(The teacher will give the students

picture and tell something about it.
students per picture to share their t
SLK Proper

1.

3.
1. Learning Experience
Let’s Try!
 SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND 14
WRITING SKILLS

Let’s Think!

1. How was the activity? 2. What have you noticed about your
responses? Do they reflect your belief about the topics/issues
or do they express your disagreement about them? 3. How did
you come up with your answers?

Key Takeaways

Identifying Assertions

Assertions are declarative sentences that claim something is true about something else.
Simply put, it is a sentence that is either true or false. Read the following examples:

• The sampaguita’s roots are used for medical purposes, such as

anesthetic and sedative.
• The sampaguita belongs to the genus Jasminum of the family
Oleaceace.
• The popularity of sampaguita flowers is most evident in places of
worship.
• Sampaguita’s are the most beautiful and most fragrant of all flowers.

Four common types of assertion: 1.

Fact
 It is a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies of
witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research. 2. Convention
5. SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
6.

\
 15 You may choose your evaluative statements in two steps:
It is a way in which something is done, similarcontent and the
to traditions andproperties of a text read; 2. Formulating a
norms. Conventions
to a claim made in the text read. Inisthis step, you have t
depend on historical precedent, laws, rules, usage, and customs. Thus, their truthfulness
verified by how commonly held definitions and beliefsopinions, make inferences
are interpreted. 3. Opinionor conclusions, and assess the o

It is based on facts, but is difficult to objectively verify because of the uncertainty of

producing satisfactory proofs of soundness. Opinions result from ambiguities; the more
ambiguous a statement, the more difficult it is to verify. 4. Preference SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
It is based on personal choice; therefore, it might be subjective and could not be
16
objectively proven or logically attacked.
text. These assertions usually contain evaluative languages
important, insightful, detailed, up-to-date, comprehensive, p
Formulating Counterclaims
The following will help you formulate evaluative sta
To be an effective critical thinker it is not enough just to be able to identify claims and
• Examine the entire text. Scan the part you find signific
assertions. The ability to analyze an argument is essential to understanding the text more
made it significant.
deeply, but understanding the claim is not the only facet of the argument. You must also learn
how to analyze the counterclaims and evidence provided • Trace reliable
by the text. evidence to to
Being able support your views and feel
recognize
and formulate counterclaims in reaction to an argument is aacharacteristic
• Have of a good
copy of the strengths andcritical
weaknesses. Once o
reader. statements.

Counterclaims are claims made to • Evaluate whether or not your output covers the essent
contrasting perspective to the main argument. By sharing
beingwith the to
able other readers.
locate and provide
counterclaims to an argument, you show a deep competence • Look back
andand reflect on
familiarity thethe
with activity you have just acc
writer’s
topic. It shows that you are examining different perspectives and not just passively accepting
the writer’s claim. It shows that you have thoroughly considered the topic, and are willing to
engage different viewpoints from your own, thus remaining objective.Statements
Using Evaluative It also helpstoyou clarify
Define Strengths and W
what your personal position is on the topic.
• Statements should be evaluative, not descriptive.
information which enables strengths and weaknesses to
What is Evaluative Statement? is a strength or shortcoming, rather than just stating the
It is a way of giving a better explanation to show the strength and weaknesses of
• Use data and benchmarks wherever possible – compare
something through writing. It presents a value judgment based on a set
or show trends over previous years. Compare outcom
of criteria. It is also used in giving a sound judgment-a judgment that
provider. This helps to put raw data into context, and t
can be backed up or supported by valid reasons or proofs. It is the
and the provider is moving on.
writer’s way of explaining why a strength is a strength and a weakness
a weakness based on the evidences • Be gathered.
clear about where there are genuine strengths,
would be expected in any provider. Compliance with st
norm, not a strength.

How to Formulate an Evaluative Statement: • Show the impact of both strengths and weaknesses – if
to assess effectiveness, how are the results acted on?
Evaluative statements about a text are formulated after having read the text carefully
impact on learners and other stakeholders?
and critically, grasping the essence of the text and checking for possible fallacies in the
argument. The formulation of the evaluative statements• Make statements
is done in the sameclearer
wayandyoumore robust by showing
do any
(‘Course
other writing except that the statement is about your judgment reviews
of the text’sshow that...’)
content and property.
 • Avoid vague statements (‘Some aspects of governance need
Learner’s to be improved’
completion Learner’s–completion
which
aspects? How do they need to be improved?)

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND

SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
WRITING SKILLS
17 18
Let’s Do These!

Learner’s Attainment learner’s attainment

TASK 1: Be Watchful!

Identify the type of assertion in each statement.

Fact Convention Opinion Preference

1. It is better to watch comedy than horror movie

the Father of Modern Education. 3. In America, t
the wedding costs. 4. Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao
Philippines. 5. It is believed that using a broken
that green is the best color. 7. I prefer to go to M
Corazon Aquino was the 11th president (and first
She restored democracy after the long dictatorsh
Catholics genuflect as a way of showing respect
fitness enthusiasts believe that regular exercise

TASK 2: Objection Your Honor!

 Group yourselves into 4. Watch the video clipTASKfrom the link And
3: Mr. assigned
Ms. Qto and
yourAgroup.
with a Twist
Then, formulate counterclaims out of the claims presented by each speaker. You have to
present your answers in front of the class.
The teacher will serve as the host of the game. H
asked to each contestant. The contestant will be selecte
Group 1- pre-marital sex Instead of the contestant giving his/her own thoughts an
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKdSLsGMcnA collaborate for 3 minutes to come up with a good answer b
the audience for a maximum of 2 minutes . While a contest
Group 2- Catriona Gray in final Q and A (Miss Universe 2018)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfR-hq3kI-Q

Group 3- sex education in schools SELF-LEARNING

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yolZls90PvM WRITING SKILLS
19
Group 4- same sex marriage https://www.rappler.com/nation/191616-duterte-same-sex-
marriage-philippines-change-law
answer, the remaining groups will serve as judges who will give their comments and feedback
or EVALUATIVE STATEMENTS right after each contestant is done. Sample questions:
1. As a student, which is more useful, traditional libraries or internet? Why?
2. If you were to watch a movie, which genre would you prefer, love story or horror? Why?
3. When it comes to news broadcasting, which TV network do you prefer, GMA or ABS-CBN?
4. If you were to visit a place in the Philippines, which will you choose, Boracay or Coron,
Palawan?
To assess the judges’ EVALUATIVE STATEMENTS
5 4 3 2 1 The evaluative statements are truly evaluative not descriptive. They are factual, clear, well-
organized and free from grammatical errors.
The evaluative statements are truly evaluative not descriptive. They are factual, clear, well- organized and
but contain grammatical errors.
The evaluative statements are truly evaluative not descriptive. The are factual, clear, but not well-
organized and contain grammatical errors.
The evaluative statements are truly evaluative not descriptive. The are factual, but not clear, not well-
organized and contain grammatical errors.
The evaluative statements are truly evaluative not descriptive. The are not factual, not clear, not
comprehensive, not well- organized and contain grammatical errors.
To assess each contestant’s content of his/her answer
5 4 3 2 1 The content is clear, comprehensive and well- organized and free from grammatical errors.
The content is clear, comprehensive and well- organized but contain grammatical errors.
The content is clear, comprehensive but not well- organized and contain grammatical errors.
The content is clear but not comprehensive, not well- organized and contain grammatical errors.
The content is not clear, not comprehensive, not well- organized and contain grammatical errors.
TASK 4: Let’s Visit, Read and Evaluate!
With the same group, visit the four corners of the room with excerpts of texts posted. Your first
task is to read the text in the corner you are first assigned to and then formulate evaluative
statement and counterclaim if you like to rebut any of the ideas presented. You are given 7
minutes to read and answer. After such time, you have to transfer to the next corner until you
visited all corners Please write your evaluative statement and counterclaim on the spaces
provided for each group.
SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS
20
*The articles to be posted by the teacher are attached at the last part of this module.

TASK 5:Let’s Create!

Recall your most treasured moment as a senior high student. Compose it in a paragraph.
Invite a partner in class to formulate 2 or 3 evaluative statements about it and do the same to
his/her work. The sample evaluation form below can guide you.

STRENGTHS My Composition

EVALUATIVE
STATEMENTS
SUGGESTIONS

SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
21
To assess Student’s Output on the EVALUATIVE STATEMENTS
5 4 3 2 1 The evaluative statements are truly evaluative not descriptive. They are factual, clear,
well-organized and free from grammatical errors.
The evaluative statements are truly evaluative not descriptive. They are factual, clear, well-
organized and but contain grammatical errors.
The evaluative statements are truly evaluative not descriptive. The are factual, clear, but not
well-organized and contain grammatical errors.
The evaluative statements are truly evaluative not descriptive. The are factual, but not clear, not
well- organized and contain grammatical errors.
The evaluative statements are truly evaluative not descriptive. The are not factual, not clear, not
comprehensive, not well- organized and contain grammatical errors.
To assess Student’s Output: On Composition
5 4 3 2 1 The composition is clear, comprehensive and well- organized and free from
grammatical errors.
The composition is clear, comprehensive and well- organized but contain grammatical errors.
The composition is clear, comprehensive but not well- organized and contain grammatical
errors.
The composition is clear but not comprehensive, not well- organized and contain grammatical
errors.
The composition is not clear, not comprehensive, not well- organized and contain grammatical
errors.
SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS
22
2. Reflection
Relate the pictures below to what you have learned from the lesson.

Write your answers here.

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade the circle that corresponds to the letter of the correct a
following should not be remembered when formulating evaluative
statements? A. Statements should be clear about where there are genuine strengths B. Statements
statements clearer and more robust by showing how judgments have been reached D. Avoid vague
Post-test

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

23
A B C D 2. What are declarative sentences that claim something is true about something
else? A. Counterclaim B. Opinion C. Assertion D. Evaluative Statement A B C D 3.Read the assertion below a
identify its type.
“Aristotle, the Greek philosopher is regarded as the father of Biology”
A. Convention B. Opinion C. Fact D. Preference

A B C D 4. "The text is useful because it provides accurate data that readers should know
about the topic.” is an example of ____________. A. Assertion B. Counterclaim C. Evaluative Statement D. Fac
gives a better explanation to show the strength and
weaknesses of something through writing? A. Assertion B. Counterclaim C. Evaluative Statemen
D. Critical Reading

Abao, Ethel L. et.al (2016). Critical Reading and Writing for the Senior High School.
Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, pp. 118-119.

Andreypopov. (n.d.). Divorce Rings. retrieved from https://www.illinoislegalaid.org

/sites/default/files/divorce_rings_with_handwritten_note.jpg

Al Jazeera English (2010). Philippine government sued over sex education policy.
 retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yolZls90PvM

Basa, M. (2017). Duterte on same-sex marriage: 'We can change the law'. retrieved
from https://www.rappler.com/nation/191616-duterte-same-sex-marriage- philippines-change-law

Belino, M. (2017). Critical Reading as Reasoning. https://www.slideshare.net/

marykatrinebelino/critical-reading-as-reasoning-78474306

Bethke, J. (2013). Why Is Sex Outside Of Marriage So Destructive? | Tim Keller. retrieved from https
v=YKdSLsGMcnA

Casin, K. (2018). Miss Universe 2018 Catriona Gray Q and A (Answer with
advocacy). retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfR-hq3kI-Q
References

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

24
Essayfarm (2003). Filipino Food for Thought. retrieved from
http://essayfarm.com/view.php?id=14586&title=Filipino%20food%20for%20th ought

Essays, UK. (November 2018). The Development of Korean Pop Culture. Retrieved
from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/media/the-development-of-the- korean-pop-culture-medi

EVirtualGuru. (2017). Patriotism – Love of One’s Country. retrieved from

 http://evirtualguru.com/essay-on-patriotism-love-of-ones-country-complete- essay-for-class-10-cl
classes/

Feministaa, S. (2018). LGBT. retrieved from. http://feministaa.com/wp-content/

uploads/2018/06/maxresdefault-1-1024x576.jpg

Flat Icon. (2019). Writing Book with Pen free vector icons designed by Freepik. Retrieved from https
book-with- pen_85536#

Gr8AmbitionZ (2018). Is Sex Education Necessary?. retrieved from https://2.bp.blog spot.com/-

17u28FYMiRs/WGSk2h7DjGI/AAAAAAAAgV0/GsEB9ssMq9osZ3 dQqquIuBx6peKFjxltQCLcB/s1600/Is
%2 Bin%2BSchool.jpg

Jensen, K. (2017). The War On Drugs Scam. retrieved from https://www.halseynews

.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/war-on-drugs-policy.jpg

Learning Wales (2014). http://learning.gov.wales/docs/learningwales/publications/

090727-evaluative-statements-en.pdf

Mahmud, J. (2019). https://www.scribd.com/document/337662336/Critical-Reading-

as-Reasoning

Madraya, D. (2015). The Misery of Premarital Sex. retrieved from https://i.ytimg.

com/vi/QhetwFcZ-Zc/maxresdefault.jpg

Mootz, N. (2017). Understanding and Preventing Cyberbullying. retrieved from

https://blogging.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Cyber-bullying-01.webp

Success. (1969, December 31). In MegaEssays.com. retrieved 01:11, February 26,

2019, from https://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/11387.html
 SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS
25
Patriotism – Love of One’s Country

Patriotism is the love of one’s own country. It is a divine spark in the human breast. It teaches a man to
anything else. A patriot thinks no scarifies too great for his country, he is ever prepared to die for this motherland

Patriotism, often makes people unjust, unfair and ungenerous in their estimate of the people of other c
has something definite and distinct to contribute to the cultural heritage of the world. It is foolish to say that an
God’s good gifts. Patriotism must be sobered by a proper respect for other people’s culture.

Mahatma Gandhi declared, Patriotism is good, but it must not supersede the feeling of universal love

indifferent to the growing concept of “One World”. Patriotism should not be mixed up with mere nationalism. I
patriotism will never mislead us into vain glorious boastfulness. We must love our country, but we must not ha
patriot must be prepared to learn from them, to help them, to co-operate with them. Then patriotism will gra
universal brotherhood...

FORMULATE EVALUATIVE STATEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIM

GROUP 1:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:

GROUP 2:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:

GROUP 3:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:

GROUP 4:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:
 COUNTERCLAIM:

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

26
Filipino Food for Thought

Food is a very important part of a Filipino's life. No gathering would be complete without the lechon and
we so enjoy. In my personal observation, it can be said that Filipinos seem to live simply for the pleasure of e
being offered a drink and food from the people there. It seems that food and the Filipino have been deeply roo
food that brings the Filipino family close together.

Indeed, we have come a long way from simply catching our prey and eating it raw and bloody. We hav
art form. Of course, through the help of modern inventions, cooking has evolved so much that it doesn't even
meal that tastes like a feast! Microwaves and electric stoves replace all those clay pots and stone oven used a
comes in neat little packages that just need to be opened, reheated and, Voila! Dinner is served...

FORMULATE EVALUATIVE STATEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIM

GROUP 1:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:

GROUP 2:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:

GROUP 3:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:
 COUNTERCLAIM:

GROUP 4:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

27
Reasons Why the Korean Wave Became Popular in Asia

The good quality of cultural media comes to the foremost reason. According to the Chinese local analys
storylines, well designed characters, and sophisticated directing system. Plus, original background music (O
Chinese or Taiwanese dramas repeat the obvious storylines making people already bored by watching only th
various styles and types of story raging widely. Their creativities in developing stories fuel people’s curiosities to

Korea actors’ handsome appearance, stylish fashions and hairstyles, and outstanding acting abilities
actors. Improved technology in film producing helps background settings and music to be wonderfully assimi
and well designed composition of pictures improve overall quality of the video...

FORMULATE EVALUATIVE STATEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIM

GROUP 1:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:

GROUP 2:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:
 COUNTERCLAIM:

GROUP 3:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:

GROUP 4:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

28
Success

Perhaps the most important realization that an individual can make in their quest for personal growth i
defines the path to personal success. We all have different goals and priorities, which mean that different acti
good about ourselves. So how is it that we can define success for each individual based upon his or her natur
as inherited personality type? To be successful is to understand what is important to you, to recognize your wea
to strive for balance as well as open new doors in life...

FORMULATE EVALUATIVE STATEMENT AND COUNTERCLAIM

GROUP 1:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:
 GROUP 2:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:

GROUP 3:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:

GROUP 4:

EVALUATIVE STATEMENT:

COUNTERCLAIM:

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

29

DETERMINING TEXTUAL EVIDENCE

 This module is designed for you, dear learner. This is divided into different parts such as pre-test, SLK
these are crafted to enable you to meet the competencies for Reading and Writings Skills. It is required that yo
go with the SLK proper and other parts of the module.

This module includes activities and exercises. When working through the materials, the information shou
exercises should be answered. Examples and answers are provided in order that the learners can check
exercise is completed. Learners should learn how to determine textual evidence to validate assertions and co

(EN11/12RWS- IVac-10). At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:

• gather textual evidence in support of an assertion about a text, and

• use textual evidence to make inference.

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade the circle that corresponds to the letter of the correct a
and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.
A. textual evidence B. explicit

11th/12th Grade English Reading and Writing Skills Self-Learnin

How to Use this Module

 Introduction

Pre-test

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

30
C. implicit D. inference A B C D 2. It means
implied or indirect.
A. explicit B. implicit C. textual evidence D. inference A B C D 3. It means drawing a
conclusion on the basis of circumstantial evidence.
A. implicit B. explicit C. textual evidence D. inference A B C D 4. It is defined as the
details given by the author in order to support his/
her claim. A. inference B. explicit C. textual evidence D. implicit A B C D 5. This is a
statement or series of statements for or against something.
A. implicit B.
explicit C.
inference D.
argument
 1. Learning Experience

Let’s Warm Up!

Directions: Read and analyze the poem, “Harlem” by Langston Hughes

Tip: You can consult the dictionary for the meaning of some unfamiliar words.
What happens to a dream SELF-LEARNING
deferred? Does it dry up Like WRITING SKILLS
a raisin in the sun? Or fester Task: Write an essay
like a sore ---- Does it dry up in which you analyze
like a raisin in the sun? Or the mood of the
fester like a sore— And then poem.
run?
Task: Write an essay
SLK Proper in which you analyze
the mood of the
poem.
Task: Write an essay
in which you analyze
the mood of the
poem.

it stink like rotten

? Or crust and sugar
— like a syrupy sweet?
be it just sags like a
avy load. Or does it
explode?

31
Let’s Keep These in Mind! Textual evidence is when you use specific examples
help support your own claims and ideas.

It is important because it gives your words validity a

When we are talking about
read the use of text
and understand that evidence in
text yourself.
the classroom, we are usually talking about three
separate, yet interrelated
Warm-upskills:
Activity Analysis:

Here is a response without textual evidence.

1. Making an inference/conclusion.

“Harlem” by Langston Hughes gives me the

2. Supporting that inference/conclusion with direct
evidence from a text.feeling, or mood, of anger, and depression. It feels

like the idea of deferring dreams is hurtful and

3. Explaining, in your own words, how that evidence you chose supports the
inference/conclusion you made. maybe even causes one become resentful before

eventually being overcome by anger.

What is textual evidence?

To better evaluate the author’s argument, you should be able to determine the evidence
from the text. This will allow you to validate theWithout textual
assertions evidence,
of the you your
author and are making
own empty cla
counterclaims as a response to reading. them up. This makes you an unreliable writer. Becau
what you’re saying is a valid interpretation.
Textual evidence is defined as the details given by the author in order to support his/her
claims. It reveals the position of the writer and make the reading more interesting. Evidence are
details that will strengthen, add variety or weight to any argument.
SELF-LEARNING
This can include the facts and statistics, opinion from experts, personal anecdotes, and
WRITING SKILLS
research works. 32
Analyze the response with textual evidence.
“Harlem” by Langston Hughes gives me the feeling, or mood of anger and depression. It
feels like the idea of deferring dreams is hurtful and maybe even causes one to become
Introduce the evidence. resentful before eventually being overcome by anger. I know
this because the poem uses the words “foster like a sore,” which gives me a feeling
of pain. Further, describing
Include the exact deferred dreams as if they “stink like rotten meat” is an
wording from the text, unpleasant image, giving me the feeling of resentment.
in quotation marks. Finally, when the poem end with “Or does it explode?” makes me
think of a person who boils over in anger.
Use your words to connect the quote to your claim.
KEY TAKEAWAYS...
How to provide textual evidence?
After reading the text:
• answer the question using inference.
• Cite evidence in the text to support your thoughts and opinions
• Explain your answer with evidence by paraphrasing or directly quoting.
When you have ideas about what you read, you need to cite explicit textual evidence to support
your ideas.
When you read, you are often asked to express your ideas about the text. In order to let the
people know you are not making up things, you should use explicit evidence to support your
opinions or answers.
Let’s Do These!
Exercise 1
Directions: Analyze each of the following paragraphs. Then answer the questions below.
I. Every day after work Paul took his muddy boots off on the steps of the front porch. Alice would
have a fit if the boots made it so far as the welcome mat. He then took off his dusty overalls and
threw them into a plastic garbage bag; Alice left a new garbage bag tied to the porch railing for
him every morning. On his way in the house, he dropped the garbage bag off at the washing
machine and went straight up the stairs to the shower as he was instructed. He would eat dinner
with her after he was "presentable," as Alice had often said.
SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS
33
1. What type of work does Paul do?

A. a lawyer

B. a construction worker

C. a doctor

D. a garbage man

2. Based on the text, how do you know Paul works in construction?

A. He has tools

B. He goes straight up the stairs to shower

C. His boots are muddy and his overalls are dusty

D. He wears a hat

3. What type of person is Alice?

A. Care free and calm

B. meticulous and controlling

C. messy and sloppy

 D. sad and angry

4. What type of relationship do Paul and Alice have?

A. They are brother and sister

B. They are neighbors

C. They are colleagues

D. They are husband and wife

II. Crack! Thunder struck and rain poured. Max stared blankly out the window, trying to contain his emotions
beginning to lose it. Dropping the kite from his hand, Max broke out into full sob. His mother comforted him
something else to do." She began to unpack the picnic basket that was on the counter and offered him a sa
sandwich!" A flash from the sky lit up the living room. Boom! Mom sighed.

1. Why is Max upset?

A. It is raining and he cannot go outside

B. He is hungry

C. He is scared of thunderstorms

D. He is bored

2. What line in the text tell you that Max is upset it is raining?

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

34
A. He says, "I don't wanna sandwich?"

B. Dropping his kite from his hand, Max broke out into a full sob

C. Thunder struck and rain poured

D. Mom sighed

3. What was Mom planning on doing with Max today?

A. Taking Max to the Zoo

B. Going to the mall

C. Taking Max to a movie

 D. Taking Max on a picnic

4. What lines from the text support the idea that Mom and Max were planning to
go on a picnic?

A. She began to unpack the picnic basket

B. Max stares blankly out the window

C. Mom offers Max a sandwich

D. His mother comforted him

5. Which piece of evidence could be used to BEST support this claim:

High school students should be required to wear uniforms.

A. When adding everything up, a school uniform could end up costing more
than $200.

B. A student reported, "Allowing us to wear our own clothes gives us a chance

to show our unique style and independence."

C. At one school that recently required students to wear uniforms, attendance

rates went up, and behavior incidents went down.

D. School uniforms can be ordered online.

6. Stephen and Joseph Montgolfier were papermakers, but they had been interested in flying for ma
noticed something that gave him an idea. He was sitting in front of the fire when he saw some sm
carried up the chimney. Soon afterwards, the brothers conducted an experiment. They lit a fire unde
the bottom; at once, the bag rose to the ceiling. After this, Stephen and Joseph conducted many m
the open air. Eventually, they built a huge balloon of linen and paper. On June 5th, 1783, they lau
Liberty.

Which sentence in this article provides text evidence for the inference that the Montgolfier brothe

A. Eventually, they built a huge balloon of linen and paper.

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

35
B. They lit a fire under a small silk bag, which was open at the bottom; at once
the bag rose to the ceiling.

C. On June 5th, 1783, they launched their balloon in the village of Liberty.
 D. One night, in 1782, Joseph noticed something that gave him an idea.

Exercise 2

Directions: Analyze each argument below. Answer the question that follows by encircling the letter of the correc

1. Argument: School uniforms are very beneficial in schools today. Which would be a
CLAIM for this argument?

A. Uniforms in schools increase student safety.

B. Uniforms do not allow students to express their individuality.

C. Bullying and attacks are not stopped just because of uniforms.

2. Argument: Milk is very healthy for the human body. Which could be a
COUNTERCLAIM for this argument?

A. Drinking milk contributes to obesity.

B. Milk provides many healthy vitamins and minerals for the body.

C. Milk helps to strengthen bones.

3. Argument: Cell phone radiation is harmful to people. Which would be a CLAIM for this
argument?

A. Studies show that there is a correlation between cell phone radiation and brain
tumors.

B. Cell phone radiation is not powerful enough to cause cancer.

C. There are regulations and limits on how much radiation is allowed in cell
phones.

4. Argument: There are several disadvantages to social media. Which would be a

COUNTERCLAIM for this argument?

A. Social media spreads false information.

B. Social media allows news to be broadcasted quickly.

C. Social media is not private or secure.

5. Argument: There are several disadvantages to social media. Which would be a CLAIM
for this argument?
 A. Social media allows police to catch criminals.

B. Social media helps students do better in school.

C. Students who use social media often, have lower grades.

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

36
6. Argument: College athletes should be paid. Which would be a CLAIM for this
argument?

A. College athletes bring in money for the college because people pay to come
watch them play.

B. College athletes would have to pay taxes and likely not be able to afford tuition
expenses if they were paid.

C. College athletes are not professionals, they are just playing at an advanced
level.

7. Argument: The 20-centavo coin should continue to be used in the Philippines.

Which is a COUNTERCLAIM for this argument?

A. The 20-centavo coin reduces price increases.

B. The 20-centavo coin is collected by many charities.

C. The 20-centavo coin is basically not worth anything.

8. Penguins live in cold, windy places and gather in large groups. Why do you think they
stand close together?

A. To hunt for fish more easily

B. To dance

C. To stay warm

D. To hide from their predators

9. Many animals in the forest eat insects. Why might one kind of insect look like a stick?

A. To stand out in the forest

 B. To blend into the forest

C. To warn animals not to eat it

D. To move faster in the trees

10. Grandpa sees that his chocolate cake is all gone. Brad has crumbs on his mouth.
What do you think happened?

A. Brad baked his own cake.

B. Brad needs to brush his teeth better.

C. Brad ate Grandpa's chocolate cake.

D. Brad ate Grandpa

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

37
Exercise 3

Choose the appropriate inference for each of the following scenarios:

1. Before the 1800's people didn't have right or left shoes. They had shoes of just one shape that they used
right and left shoes, they laughed. They called them "crooked shoes." "What a silly idea," they said. You can

A. were pretty

B. didn't look alike

C. didn't fit very well

2. Tim looked out the window. The house looked so lonely. Tim's father put the last suitcase in the trunk a
put his head on Tim's lap, like he understood how Tim was feeling. "It's okay Thor," he said, "Dad says we w

A. Tim is sad because his dog doesn't have a house to live in.

B. Tim is taking a trip to visit people he doesn't know.

C. Tim is taking Thor to live with his grandmother.

 D. Tim is moving to Baguio with his family.

3. Joseph and Caitlin were choosing the players for their teams. It was Caitlin's turn to choose, and only
Caitlyn said with a sigh. We can infer that...

A. Jason was the best player.

B. Caitlin wanted Jason on her team.

C. Jason was not a very good player.

D. Caitlin had a hard time choosing a team member.

4. Many breeds of dogs are used for work. In many cultures dogs are used to herd sheep. The dogs ke
animals such as wolves. They also keep sheep from wandering off. Sheepdogs are known for their loy
reading of the text, you can INFER that:

A. Sheepdogs are not very smart dogs.

B. Sheepdogs are gentle and loyal.

C. There are many breeds of dogs.

D. Wolves are afraid of sheepdogs.

5. Which sentence from the selection suggests that Suzy likes to play basketball?

A. Suzy's mom makes Suzy practice basketball every day.

B. Suzy looks forward to her basketball games.

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

38
C. Suzy scored 5 points in her last basketball game.

D. Suzy and her mom get ice cream after her basketball games.

6. Which sentence from the selection supports that the computer was not working
properly?

A. Rita took three hours to finish her homework.

B. Ritaʼs homework was not finished.

C. Rita had to write out her story instead of typing it.

D. Ritaʼs homework was not done correctly.

 7. Which sentence suggests that Joanna rode her bike to school?

A. Joannaʼs hair was a little messy when she got to school.

B. Joanna crossed three streets on her way to school.

C. Joanna went four blocks on her way to school.

D. Joanna had to put her helmet inside the classroom closet.

8. Which sentence supports that Jack is feeling sleepy?

A. Jack went to bed late because he was at a birthday party.

B. Jackʼs eyes were droopy and his eyelids felt really heavy.

C. Jack put his head down on the desk.

D. Jack was not paying attention to the lesson.

9. Which of the following shows why Sam refused to play in the tournament?

A. SAM: Yeah, I think so, too.

B. SAM: Why? Because I 'm a girl?

C. SAM: Oh, I don't think so.

D. SAM: You wouldn't appreciate my talents, since I'm a girl!

10. Rachel was on her way to volunteer at the animal shelter. She was very excited! She really liked dog
however, so she was rarely around them. Rachel had a lot of fun playing with the puppies, but after her shift

It is likely that:

A. Mosquitoes bit Rachel

B. Rachel is allergic to dogs, too

C. Rachel fell in poison ivy

D. Rachel was already sick

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS

39
2. Reflection
Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the chart
below.

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade the circle that corresponds to the
letter of the correct answer.

A B C D 1. It means drawing a conclusion on the basis of circumstantial

evidence. A. implicit B. explicit C. textual evidence D. inference A B C D 2. It is stated
clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.
A. textual evidence B. explicit C. implicit D. inference A B C D 3. It is defined as the
details given by the author in order to support his/
her claim. A. inference B. explicit C. textual
evidence D. implicit A B C D 4. It means
implied or indirect.
A. explicit B. implicit C. textual evidence D. inference A B C D 5. This is a statement
or series of statement for or against something.
A. implicit
What were your thoughts or Post-test
ideas about the principles of
textual evidence prior to the
discussion of this lesson?

What new or additional

ideas did you learn after
taking up this lesson? I learned that ...
 SELF-LEARNING KIT
https://jeopardylabs.com/play/text-evidence-51
FOR READING AND Lam
WRITING SKILLS Finding Text Evidence https://www.education
40 world.com/ways-scaffold-finding-text-evidence Meye
B. explicit C. Evidence. https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/
inference D. 5c4f4d652dfe18001abe8bf0/claim-statements-and-
argument (2017) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_
Next Steps

Reinforcement Activity

Individual or Group Activity: Text Evidence Jeopardy

https://jeopardylabs.com/play/text-evidence-51
Group Activity: Murder Mystery and Small Texts

Source: https://www.educationworld.com/ways-scaffold-
finding-text-evidence

This worksheet on the link was created to have students look at “text evidence” as if it were
the evidence for a murder case. Television and movies make this sort of process more familiar
to our modern readers, as there’s very little difference between collecting evidence at a crime
scene and collecting evidence in a text.

Tip:

This can be group work, or an individual assignment. Students can be prosecutors against each
of the suspects. You need to underline or highlight text evidence – words directly from the police
report – that you think could be used to accuse the suspect of the murder. Once all evidence is
compiled, try to prove why their suspect is more likely to be the murderer. Your teacher can play
the role of judge, but the accusation should be based solely upon the amount of text evidence
that has been collected. This activity allows students to compile and evaluate the credibility of
multiple sources of information in order to make their case.
References

Carter, M. (2019). Citing Textual https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/ 56feda50a6cfc46

079042a61/citing-textual-evidence Jakubik, S. (2019). Inferences
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/56df48957802c2e
37b313a06/inferences Jeopardy Labs (2019). Text Evidence.
 SELF-LEARNING
letter ofKIT
theFOR
correct
READING
answer.AND
A B C D 1. Which among the ch
WRITING SKILLS
writing?
41 A. literature review B.
memorandum C.
narrative essay D.
position paper

11th/12th Grade English Reading an

Writing Skills Self-Learning Ki

PURPOSEFUL WRITING IN THE

DISCIPLINE AND FOR PROFESSIONS

How to Use this Module

This module is designed for you, dear learner. This is divided into different parts such as
pre-test, SLK proper, post-test, and next steps. All these are crafted to enable you to meet the
competencies for Reading and Writings Skills. It is required that you answer the pre-test first
before you go with the SLK proper and other parts of the module.

Introduction
This was designed to help you understand the difference between academic and
professional writing. It is for this reason that that the two writing strategies were compared and
contrast. Specifically, this aims to help you explain how one’s purpose is a crucial consideration
in academic and professional writing (EN11/12RWS-IVdg-11). An understanding of how the
purpose of both writing styles will help you appreciate each one’s meaning in your academic life.

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade the circle that corresponds to the
 Pre-test Academic Writing Professional Writing

Book Review Resume Literature Review Research Report

College Admission E-mail Project Proposal Application for
SLK Proper

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND

WRITING SKILLS
42
A B C D 2. Which is not true about academic writing?
A. The process of breaking down ideas B. About what you think and what evidence has
contributed to that thinking C. Targeted to colleagues, business people, managers and
sometimes clients D. Using deductive reasoning, formal voice, and third person point-of-view A
B C D 3. Where is professional writing used?
A. Workplace B. School C. Home D.
Church A B C D 4. Academic writing
uses:
A. Formal voice B. Third person point-of-view C. Active voice D.
Business language A B C D 5. What kind of tone does professional
writing have?
A. Casual B.
Formal C.
Slang D.
business

1. Learning Experience
SELF-LEARNING
Let’s Try! Directions: Classify the word/s from the WRITING SKILLS
information box below to its corresponding column. 43
Let’s Think!

1. How are academic and professional writing similar? 2. How are

 they different? 3. How did your personal experience/s helped you in
classifying
the sample outputs?

Let’s Keep These in Mind!

Academic writing is the process of breaking down ideas and using deductive
reasoning, formal voice and third person point-of-view. It is about what you think and what
evidence has contributed to that thinking.

Professional writing is a style of written communication used in a workplace

environment that allows professionals (e.g. businesspeople, professors, doctors, lawyers, etc.)
to make informed decisions. Professional writing typically has a formal tone and differs from
written text that is considered literary or artistic, which generally seeks to entertain and/or
convey a philosophical truth.

Academic writing and professional writing are extremely different yet they also have
similarities, and you will likely encounter both of these styles at different points in your life.

While you are in school, academic writing will take up most of your assignments.
However, when the time comes for you to graduate, you need to sharpen your professional
writing skills. As a Senior High School student, it’s an advantage for you to be familiar with these
two techniques.

So what exactly sets these two styles apart? Paul Taylor (2015) distinguish the
difference between the two which would help you maximize your full potential in your writing
journey.

How is academic writing different from professional writing?

Academic Writing Professional Writing

You have different goals in convince someone of

academic writing vs. something.
professional writing
e mostly to showcase
arch and expertise in a Different people are listening Done for academia: profes
fic are or topic of interest. fellow students, researchers, and industry experts suc
Often done to influence or scientists or historians.
convince someone of Targeted to colleagues,
something. business people, managers and
Often done to influence or sometimes clients.
 SELF-LEARNING
TheKIT
general
FOR READING
purpose ofAND
academic writing is to present in
WRITING SKILLS understanding of a particu
44 purposes in academic wri
analyze/synthesize, and in
Sometimes written in first
person depending on the
specific situation or context.
Typically has a formal tone.

Active and passive voice Often written for someone who has
Vivian Taylor as published in study. com stated that the
more time on their hands to go through and read the writing is to convey inform
arguments. Therefore, sentences can be longer and use context. The specific funct
passive voice. one or a mixture of the foll
The audience likely has many
other reports or papers to read
and will skim through for the
main points. Sentences should • To encourage action
be shorter, more to the point • To instruct
and in the active voice.
Tone of voice can change Most are written in third person
narrative. Sometimes literary or artistic
SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
45
• To persuade
• To inform
• To affirm shared goals

Let’s Do These!

Task #1. Think-Pair Share.

According to Berkeley University of California (2019) academic and professional writing do
With a partner, discuss the purpose of academic and profes
answers in the chat box.

• Writing for both purposes is built on a good command of English writing skills (
grammar, sentence and paragraph structure, style, diction and tone
Academic Writing Professional Writing
• Both require good use of framing, although academic essays typically assume audiences with
no prior knowledge of the topic of the essay.
• Both also require sound, logical arguments supported by reliable evidence that can be
traced to a valid source. In turn, this means that both types of writing require good writing
organization skills.
Task #2. Look – Write.
Write an academic and professional writing sentences in reference to the pictures below. 46
Task #3. Compare and contrast your writing.
1. 2.
Fill the gaps below with as many words and expressions as

1. Overall, the two strategies of writing are __________

__________________________ _______________

2. Overall, the two styles of writing are______________

_________________________________________

2. Reflection

3. 4. 1. What is the most important lesson I learned today? 2

previous learning from academic writing to professional
writing? 3. How well did I communicate with my partner
activity?

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade th

letter of the correct answer. A B C D 1. Which among the ch
Academic Writing Professional Writing 1.
professional writing?
a. literature review b. memorandum c. narrative essay d.
position paper A B C D 2. Which is not true about
academic writing?
SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND
a. The process of breaking down ideas b. Ab
WRITING SKILLS
evidence has contributed to that thinking c. T
CHAT BOX
people, managers and sometimes
clients d. Using deductive reasoning, formal voice, and
D 3. Where is professional writing used?
a. Workplace b. School c. Home d.
Church A B C D 4. Academic writing
uses:
a. Formal voice b. Third person point-of-view c. Active vo
Business language A B C D 5. What kind of tone does prof
writing have?
a. Business b.
Casual c. Slang d.
Formal
Post-test
 SELF-LEARNING KITReferences
FOR READING AND
WRITING SKILLS
47

Have an advanced reading about the following text types across disciplines:

A. Book Review or Article Critique B.

Literature Review C. Research
Report D. Project Proposal E.
Position Paper

Berkeley (2019) Transition from Academic to Professional Writing. https://bcourses.

berkeley.edu/courses/1357555/pages/transition-from-academic-to- professional-
writing?module_item_id=13261272 Essay Academia (2019) Academic and
Professional Writing. https://essayacademia.
com/academic-and-professional-writing.php Frank, T. (2018) What is Professional
Writing? - Definition & Explanation.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-professional-writing-definition- lesson-
quiz.html Frank, T. (2018) What is Academic Writing? - Definition & Explanation.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-academic-writing-definition- examples-
quiz.html Taylor, P. (2015). Differences between academic and professional/business
writing.
LinkedIn. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/differences-between-
academic-professional-business-writing-taylor/. Whitaker, A. (2009) Retrieved from
www.vsm.sk/Curriculum/academicssupport/
academicwritingguide.pdf Writology (2016). Academic writing: purpose, features and
rules. https://writology.
com/blog/academic-writing-purpose-features-and-rules.html
Next Steps SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
48
 SELF-LEARNING
PURPOSEFUL WRITING IN THE WRITING SKILLS
49
DISCIPLINES
C. Newspaper review D. Encyclopedia review A B C D
tends to fo
you read? A. Financial report B. Accomplishment report C.
D. Book report A B C D 3. The following are the focus of
book except:
A. Purpose B. Content C. Relevance D. Title A B C D 4.
systematic wa
This module is designed for you, dear learner. This is divided
masterpiece into different
to highlight parts
both its such as
strengths and weaknesses
pre-test, SLK proper, post-test, and next steps. All these are A.
practice? crafted toCritique
Article enable B.
youLiterature
to meet the
Review C. Project
competencies for Reading and Writings Skills. It isCrequired
D 5. Thisthat
partyou
of aanswer
documentthe provides
pre-test first
the author’s name,
before you go with the SLK proper and other parts of the module.
source and their statement. A.
Introduction B. Body C.
Conclusion D. Synthesis

This was designed to help you understand the difference between academic and
professional writing. It is for this reason that that the two writing strategies were compared and
contrast. Specifically, this aims to help you explain how one’s purpose is a crucial consideration
in academic and professional writing (EN11/12RWS-IVdg-11). Also, this aims to help you
identify the unique features of and requirements in composing texts that are useful across
disciplines such as Book Review or Article Critique, Literature Review, Research Report, Project
Proposal, and Position Paper. An understanding of how the purpose of both writing styles will
help you appreciate each one’s meaning in your academic life.

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade the circle that corresponds to the
letter of the correct answer. A B C D 1. It is a summary of the content of the book that includes
relevant description as
well as its overall perspective and purpose. A.
Book review B. Movie review

11th/12th Grade English Reading and

Writing Skills Self-Learning Kit SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
50
 SELF-LEARNING
BOOK REVIEW WRITING SKILLS
51
OBJECTIVES: Urban Planning and Architecture (and the Use of the Cr
Main Idea
In this lesson, students are expected to:
• identify the unique features, parts,Purpose
and requirements in writing a book
review
• write a book review Your Personal Evaluation of
the Text

Let’s Think!
1. Learning Experience
What skill/s did you apply in the activity?
Let’s Try!
How were you able to come up with the responses n
Directions: Read the text below and fill in the matrix with information about the text
the activity?

Sample Book Review:

Urban Planning and Architecture (and theLet’s UseKeep
of theThese
Criticalin Path
Mind!Method)
Sol A. Ward
Components
The purpose of this book is to clearly indicate, of example,
by illustrated a Book Review
how the Critical
Path Method (CPM) can be used as a planning tool in architecture and urban design.
In the beginning chapters, the reader is introducedBook’s title, author,
to the elements of agenre, and theme; personal re
CPM system,
and hated characters;
experiencing the basic planning procedures in a meaningful way. author’s style, argument developmen
perspective; and recommendation
Essentially, CPM as a planning tool is concerned with time-ascribed activities which are
assembled in a logical arrangement to construct
To Write a a Book
network. In this
Review, manner,
a Writer Mustthe
planner is compelled to think about all the activities comprised in a comprehensive
plan. 1. Read or reread the chosen book to critique.
From the results obtained from the network, the planner is afforded a preview of the
2. Give the concise summary of the content focusing
problematic areas of a construction project and is provide with the capability of
description, major arguments and even primary purp
rendering corrective measures in advance of the actual problems.
An actual transportation center was used as an example to illustrate
3. Present how a complex
your critical assessment of the content by
whole could be dissected into parts to simplify the planning
relevant of structures
issues touchedcomprising
and personal reaction to the
large areas. The project mentioned above is indicative of the complications involved in
Conclude it of
the planning of structures requiring staging for the maintaining byrapid
givingtransit
suggestions
during whether or not the
actual construction. Keywords: architecture; construction; critical path method;
Let’s Do This!
inspection; maintenance; site preparation; specifications; structural design; urban
development.
Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, write a book revie
Published from: Journal of the American Concrete Institute,
2. Reflection paragraphs. C. Book reviews should always
reviews have limited time, font, and style.
Write your thoughts here on your experiences in writing a book review in all the English-
related subjects.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Ruszkiewicz and Dolmage (2012). How to Write Any
_________________________________________________________________________
York Ward, S. (2001) Urban Planning and Architectu
_________________________________________________________________________
Path Method). Philosophical Library, Inc., New York
Vicente et al. (2003). Technical Writing. KEN

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND

WRITING SKILLS
52
SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
53
ARTICLE CRITI
Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade the circle that corresponds to the
letter of the correct answer.
OBJECTIVES:
A B C D 1. Which one of the following is typically found at the beginning of a book
review? A. The book’s bibliographical information B. Your thesis or position
In thisC.
lesson,
A students are expected to:
summary of the content D. The author’s biographical information A B C•Didentify
2. In the first
the unique features, parts, and
paragraph of a book review, what do you need to include? article critique
A. A brief introduction to the review and your thesis B. A brief summary• of the an
write content
article critique
or story C. A brief summary of a book’s strengths and weaknesses D. A brief
reference to your review’s conclusions A B C D 3. Which of the following can provide
some context for a book review?
A. A summary of the book B. Background information about the writer of
the review C. Background information about the author and topic D. A
critical analysis of the book A B C D 4. How should students write a catchy
review? Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade th
letteras
A. Write a relevant description of the topic of well
the correct answer.
as its overall perspective,
argument, or purpose B. Write a reaction about the work under review; its
noteworthiness, A B C D 1. It is a systematic way of objectively reviewing a
effectiveness and persuasion C. Write a suggestiveits strengths
analysis and practices.
whether A. Article Critiquing B. Book C
the audience
D. Online
would appreciate it. D. All of the above E. None of the above ABCD Critiquing
5. Why doA Bwe
C avoid
D 2. Which of the following
introducing new evidences to your argument in a book
review’s conclusion? A. They add confusion evaluation of the
to the analysis critic?
and A. Introduction B. Body C. C
evaluation
Synthesis
of your statements. B. They don’t add gravity to theAsentences
B C D 3. This
and provides the critic’s general o
 A. Introduction B. Body C. Conclusion D. Synthesis Steps
A B CinDCritiquing
4. This an Article:
provides the critic general opinion of the article.
A. Introduction B. Body C. Conclusion D. Synthesis A B1.CRead the article
D 5. Which thoroughly.
of the following
does not explain much about critiquing on article?
2. Identify the author’s main point or thesis statemen
A. Read thoroughly the article B. Identify the author’s
main point C. Analyze each segment or section of the
article D. Summarize immediately the points of 3. the
Analyze each segment or section of the article an
author your words.

4. Write the introduction, body, and conclusion.

a. The introduction provides the author’s nam

SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND
and thesis statement
WRITING SKILLS
54 b. The body features the review and evaluati

author’s credentials and credibility, the qualit

and the methods used in gathering that infor

1. Learning Experience

Let’s Try!

Directions: Fill in the graphic organizer with your ideas about

SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
55
c. The conclusion provides the critic’s genera

the agreement or disagreement with the auth

Article
Critique arguments.

Let’s Do This!

Directions: Write an article review on an article of your choic

Let’s Think!
2. Reflection
What have you learned from the activity?
What makes article critique one of the many great discipl
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Let’s Keep This in Mind! _______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________ SELF-LEARNING
_________________________________________________________________________ WRITING SKILLS
57
LITERATURE RE
OBJECTIVES:
Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade the circle that corresponds to the
letter of the correct answer. In this lesson, students are expected to:
• identify the unique features, parts, and
A B C D 1. What is the main focus of an article critique? literature review
A. Evaluation and analysis of an article B. Summary of an article C. Introduction
• write of an
a literature review
article D. Content of an article A B C D 2. Which of the following is not considered before

A. Choosing an article that meets the criteria outlined by your teacher. B. Preparing the
name of the author, the title of the article and publication C. Reading the article to get an
understanding of the main idea D. Reading the article with a critical eye. A B C D 3. Which
of the following is the most important part of an article critique?
Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade th
A. Introduction B. Summary C. Critique D. Conclusion AB
letter ofCthe correct answer. A B C D 1. Which of the followin
D 4. How does a student critique best an article?books, and
articles,
A. Question if the writer’s general message is reasonable B. Search through
other documents that describes the post and c
the article to check for biases C. Apply the stylistic elements of writing D. All research study?
topic of your
of the above E. None of the above A B C D 5 What are the examples of
A. Literature Analysis B. Literature Appreciation C. Literat
biases you may find in an article
A B C D 2. One of the referencing/citing standards is
A. American Psychiatrist Association B. American Ps
Philosophy
SELF-LEARNING KIT Association
FOR READING ANDD. American Philosophical A
WRITING SKILLS compared reaction time fo
56 school. A. Within text single author reference style B. Within
style C. Within
A. Ignoring contrary evidence B. Misappropriating text multiple authors reference style D. End
evidence
to make false conclusions C. Includingstyle A B C unfounded
personal, D 4. Post studies on reaction times (Gogel, 201
opinions D. Blaming a specific race forshowed...
a problemis E. AllA.
a --- ofWithin text single author reference style
the above reference style C. Within text multiple authors reference sty
reference style A B C D 5. This system provides a means o
information on
digital networks A.
DOI B. DTI C. STI
D. FTI
Ruszkiewicz and Dolmage (2012). How to Write Anything.
York Vicente et al. (2003). Technical Writing. KEN Incorporated: Quezon
City.
 SELF-LEARNING
helps you
KIT learn
FOR READING
how other AND
senior high school researchers
WRITING SKILLS
helps you find useful examples and models in the literature
58

1. Learning Experience

Let’s Try!
SELF-LEARNING
Directions: Share your experience in writing the literature review in your research subject. WRITING SKILLS
_________________________________________________________________________ 59
Five Steps in Conducting a Literature Review
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
1. Identify the key terms to use in your search for litera
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Locate literature about a topic by consulting several
_________________________________________________________________________
including those available at an academic library and on

3. Critically evaluate and select the literature for you

Let’s Think!
4. Organize the literature you have selected by abstra
and
What are your techniques in writing your literature developing a visual diagram of it.
review?

5. Write a literature review that reports summaries of t

research report.
Let’s Keep These in Mind!
APA Citation
A literature review is a written summary of journal articles, books, and other documents
that describes the past and current state of information An on example
the topicofofa your research
within-text study. in
reference It APA style in w
also organizes the literature into subtopics, and documents the need for a proposed study. In
the most rigorous form of research, educators basereference
this reviewis: mainly on research reported in
journal articles. A good review, however, might also contain other information drawn from
conference papers, books, and government documents.Rogers (2014) compared
In composing a literaturereaction times for athletes
review, you
may cite articles that are both quantitative and qualitative studies. Regardless of the sources of
schools...
information, all researchers conduct a literature review as a step in the research process.
An example of a within-text reference in APA style in w
Why is this review necessary? Many reasons exist. You conduct a literature review to
document how your study adds to the existing literature. A studyis:will not add to the literature if it
references
duplicates research already available. You conduct a literature review to convince the panelists
that you know the literature on your topic and that you can Pastsummarize
studies ofit.reaction
You also complete
times (Gogel,a 2014; Rogers
literature review to provide evidence that fellow senior high school learners need your study.
You may base this need on learning new ideas, sharing thegroups
Entire latest of
findings
studieswith others,
have or
addressed the difficu
identifying practices that might improve learning in your classroom. Conducting a literature
times and
review also builds your research skills of using the library (Gogel,
being2014; Happenstance,
an investigator 2015; Lucky, 2014; S
who follows
leads in the literature, all useful experiences to have as a researcher. Reading the literature also
 An example of a journal article end-of-text reference
http://www.doi.org/).
in APA form is: As a unique alphanumeric string assig

identify content and provide a persistent link to its location o

Elam, S. M. (2009). The second Phi Delta Kappa poll of teachers’ attitudes toward
on the first page of the electronic journal article, close to the
public schools. Phi Delta Kappan, 70(3), 785-798.
in a reference, it is placed at the end of a reference, such a
An example of a book end-of-text reference in APA form is:
Smith, J.P. (2015). Mixed methods research: Its con
Shertzer, B., & Stone, S. C. (2012). Fundamentals of guidance
Journal of mixed methods research, 3(1), 34-50. doi: 10
Houghton, Mifflin.

An example of a conference paper end-of-text reference in APA form is:

Let’s Do This!

Zedexk, S. & Baker, H. T. (2011, May). Evaluation of behavioral

Directions: expectation
On a separate scales.
sheet of paper, write a literature r
choice.
Paper presented at the meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Detroit,

MI.
2. Reflection
Creswell (2012) emphasized that there are two ways of identifying material obtained on
Aside from American Psychological Associa
the Internet, one to provide a URL or universal resource locator; and another, a DOI (digital
Association (MLA) is another referencing style which c
Could you think of other referencing styles which migh
on? What are those?
SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND
___________________________________________
WRITING SKILLS
60 ___________________________________________
object identifier) number to the reference information.___________________________________________
He explained further that the URL is
___________________________________________
used to map digital information on the Internet for it contains several components: a protocol,

a host name, the path to the document and the specific file name, such as

http://www.apa.org/monitor/oct09/worlplace.html.

precede the URL name as in the following example of a journal article reference:

Smith, J. (2008). Sciences vs. ideologies.

http://www.apa.org/monitor/.
SELF-LEARNING
Since URLs are often changed on the Internet, so scholarly publishers have increasinglyWRITING SKILLS

used the assignment of a DOI to journal articles and to documents. Therefore, the DOI System 61
provides a means of identification for managing information on digital networks (see
Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade the circle that
In corresponds
this lesson, students
to the are expected to:
letter of the correct answer. A B C D 1. Why does a researcher conduct• aidentify
literature
the review?
unique features, parts, and
research
A. To familiarize themselves with the field B. They are required by other reportC. They
researchers
are paid to review it D. To reproduce existing research A B C D 2. If• write
you are studyingreport
a research a
specialized topic, like ‘Common symptoms of mentally ill
children’, but search for something broad, like ‘Psychology of children’, you are likely to find:
A. A large amount of relevant articles B. A small amount of relevant articles C. A large
amount of non-relevant articles D. A small amount of non-relevant articles A B C D 3. There
are different ways to organise your literature review, EXCEPT:
Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade th
A. Chronologically B. Thematically C. Methodologically D.ofAnyway
letter that makes
the correct answer.sense A B C D
4. The three aspects of a literature review are: summarizing, synthesizing, and
A B C D 1. Which
_______________. A. Referencing B. Citing C. Paraphrasing of the following
D. Evaluating A B C D is
5.aIflong, formal essay, u
you discover that other scholars which presents
have already the writer’s
answered views
your and findings on a chosen
research
question, you should Research Report C. Formal Report D. Informal Report A B
evaluate the quality of the research and provides the
A. Avoid further research question B. Copy the answer to the
research question C. Make a compelling details
casebywhy
which
theanother
need toresearcher may replicate and valid
research again D. Question the writerDiscussion C. Methodology
on the credibility of the D. Results A B C D 3. It contain
answers perhaps a short introduction.
A. Abstract B. Discussion C. Methodology D. Result
research study an
in length. A. Abstract B. Discussion C. Methodology D. Res
results of the study are interpreted and evaluated against th
literature.
Slide Share (2019). Writing a Literature Review. http://image.slidesharecdn.com
A. Abstract B.
/literaturereview-160312135226/95/writing-a-literature-review-a-quick-guide-4-
Discussion C.
638.jpg?cbu003d1492307837
Methodology D.
Results

SELF-LEARNING
SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND WRITING SKILLS
WRITING SKILLS 63
62
RESEARCH REPORT
1. Learning Experience
OBJECTIVES:
Let’s Try!
Directions: Define the following terms. SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
1. Research
64
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. Research Paper

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
In many cases, you can determine what is interestin
abstract (see article by Noah Gray in The Huffington Post).

Let’s Think! Introduction

Why is doing a research work important? The introduction provides the key question that the
and a review of any literature that is relevant. In a
rationale for why the research is important and will p
answer the key question. Lastly, the introduction sh
Let’s Keep These in Mind! question following the completion of the research. F
issues or questions still open?
A research paper is a long formal essay, usually 5 to 15 pages in length, which

presents the writer’s views and findings on a chosenMethodology

subject. However, it is just a long

composition which follows the principles of good writing. It isThe

a scholarly
methodology
work and
section
not just
of the
a research report is
reasons. First it allows readers to evaluate the qu
collection of notes lifted from many different sources and strung together one after the other.
provides the details by which another researcher ma

Components of a Research Report Typically the information in the methodology section

with the most important information at the top of eac
The six components of a research report are as follows: An abstract, introduction,
methodology, results, discussion, and references. Ideally the description of the methodology doe
documents; however if the author is relying on exist
The Abstract
Results
The abstract is an overview of the research study and is typically two to four paragraphs
in length. Think of it as an executive summary that distills research
In longer the key papers,
elementsthe
of results
the section con
remaining sections into a few sentences. introduction. Typically the interpretation of the data
discussion section.
An abstract will look similar to the following:
Discussion
 The discussion section is where the results Directions:
of the study Read
are each
interpreted
of the following
and evaluated
statements. Shade th
against the existing body or research literature.
letter of the
In addition,
correct answer.
should there be any
anomalies found in the results, this is where the authors will point them out. Lastly the
discussion section will attempt to connect theAresults
B C D to1. the
In which
biggerstep do you
picture andcreate
show ahow
general plan for e
the results might be applied. A. Write a rough draft. B. Take notes and make an outline.
and edit the rough draft. D. Create a research question. A
What is the difference between revising and editin
A. Revising focuses on the mechanical aspe
SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND
rewording of sentences or changing of ideas. B. Revisin
WRITING SKILLS
Revising means to write a whole new paper
65 the grammar. D. Only A and C
References

This section provides a list of each author and paper cited in the
fact, idea, or direct quotation used in the report should be cited and referenced. SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
66
Let’s Do These! E. B only A B C D 3. Which of the following s
because the information is
Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, write a research report on a research interest you had
unnecessary for a research report? A. Purpose B. Procedu
from your research subjects.
D 4. In his report, Luis wants to include the reason she cho
instead of other similar ones. In which section of the report
A. Purpose B. Procedures C. Results D. Conclusions A B C
2. Reflection
likely need to include a research report based on
Research reporting is one of the most academic activities inaccomplishments?
your senior high school
A. Onelife.
who discovered a
That is why, critically thinking about a problem, processing the problem, andstudent
increase proposing
testpossible
solutions to that problem offer a huge leap to effect positive changes to your school
scores. B. One who documented and to your
their travels around th
community. Furthermore, researching per se, demands a lot of your patience, perseverance,
a program for getting out of debt. D. One wh
and passion to rise above the difficulties of conducting one. finances at the end of a fiscal year.

Share your ongoing research study journey in Practical Research 1 or 2 and the many
ups and downs of it.

_________________________________________________________________________
Hoque, M. (2013). Writing a Research Report. https
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
writingaresearchreport-131214070636-phpa
_________________________________________________________________________
report-2-638.jpg?cb=1387005049
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
 SELF-LEARNING
A. Project
KIT Introduction
FOR READING B. Project
AND Description C. Project Me
WRITING SKILLS
Revision A B C D 2. This section gives specific informat
67
PROJECT PROPOSAL
A. Project Introduction B. Project Description C. Project M
C D 3. Which of the following presents an analys
project? A. Benefits B. Methods C. Schedule D. Budg
OBJECTIVES: what the project intends to achi
A. Rationale B. Objectives C. Benefits D. Introduction A
In this lesson, students are expected to: reader target audi
• identify the unique features, parts, and requirements
whichin writing
may a
be improvements on systems, or
project proposal. beneficiaries. A. Introduction B. Rationale C.
• write a project proposal.

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade the circle that corresponds to the
letter of the correct answer. A B C D 1. This part provides the background necessary for SELF-LEARNING
understanding the project WRITING SKILLS
68

1. Learning Experience Let’s Try! Directions: List the different

problems that exist in your barangay.

Problems in the _________________________________________

Barangay _________________________________________
Description _________________________________________

Let’s Keep These in Mind!

Project Proposal

Project proposals are documents that are written fo

event planning, or equipment selling. Generally, proposals
do what the proposal suggests, such as buying goods
Let’s Think! implementing a program.
What do you think are the ways to address the problems you listed?
Proposals in the professional world are used for
___________________________________________________________________
external (from one organization to another) purposes. The
___________________________________________________________________
companies or seeking funding for projects. They are usuall
___________________________________________________________________
Proposal (RFP), which funding agencies send out. Inter
following the requirements stipulated in the RFP. Requesting
which is done
parties
by discussing
are thus able
the following:
to compare
different responses to a problem. Thus, it is clear that a proposal provides a plan to satisfy a
need. Rationale - this identifies the problem to be addressed and

Objectives
A proposal stands out depending on its ability - these questions
to clearly answer reveal what the project
about what is intends to ach
the reader
being proposed, how the plan will be carried out, when an idea
it will be of the intended
implemented, and howsolution.
much Good objective
attainable, results oriented, and
money will be needed or spent. In other words, they are persuasive documents that need tobound within
do a realistic time
the following: highlight reader benefits, prove your credibility in carrying out the project, and
Benefits - these show what the reader or the target audien
allow the reader to respond easily.
may be improvements in processes or systems, an increas
of the beneficiaries
Even your life as a student, you have been familiarized of the
with writing proposal.
proposals - maybe
even without even knowing it. Whenever you envision, plan, and complete a project for your
2. Project Description

This section gives specific information about the project itse

SELF-LEARNINGaddress theFOR
KIT identified problem
READING ANDthrough the following parts:
WRITING SKILLS
Methodology - this details the different activities the
69 manpower (I.e., the people involved and their duties) an
science class or your club outreach, you are thinking about fulfilling
expanded output.a need for something. This
process may involve writing a paper or doing a presentation in front of an audience to get their
approval. While proposal writing may seem like a daunting
Scheduletask,- thisthey can bethe
discusses made
taskeasier by and expected s
duration
following the guidelines in writing and familiarizing yourself with the parts of a project proposal
the project.

Guidelines in Writing the Proposal Budget - this presents an analysis of all the costs anticipate
itemized or shown as a whole, depending on the needs of t
1. Gathering the Data. One of the characteristics of an effective proposal is being well-
researched. It needs concreted data to back up its claims so it can become more credible. You
can gather data from primary and secondary sources, and apply the strategies that you learned
SELF-LEARNING
in writing a research paper in the previous lessons.
WRITING SKILLS
2. Organizing the Data. A proposal becomes more effective if the information on it is clearly 70
organized. You can use the parts of the proposal toNote:guideorganizations
you in your usually provide
organization, orinterested
use an parties with a
outline to structure your discussion more effectively. proposals, so make sure that you follow the prescribed form

3. Writing the Proposal. Fill out the parts of the proposal with the relevant data.
Let’s Do This! Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, co
4. Revising the Proposal. Make sure to review your proposal
project for accuracy and organization
proposal.
before you send it out. A good proposal will be comprehensive and will put your organization in
the best light.
2. Reflection
Formatting the Project Proposal
As this module helps you to write project proposals
Proposals are primarily categorized according to their
develop your length.
abilityAn informal your
to foresee proposal
futureisthough in writte
about 2-4 pages long. Meanwhile, a formal proposalability
has 5toor more pages. Regardless of
decide once and for all about your theirspecific plans a
purpose and audience, they have standard parts such as theWhat following:
then is your next project, and why?
_______________________________________________
1. Introduction. This part provides the background necessary for understanding the project,
_________________________________________________________________________ SELF-LEARNING
_________________________________________________________________________ WRITING SKILLS
_________________________________________________________________________ 72
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________ POSITION PAP
OBJECTIVES:

In this lesson, students are expected to:

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade the circle that corresponds to the
letter of the correct answer. • identify the unique features, parts, and
project proposal.
A B C D 1. What is the main goal of a project proposal? • write a project proposal.
A. Find an idea for the project B. Hire a team for the project C. Close down the project
D. Get approval and funding for the project A B C D 2. Which question about the
project should be answered in the problem
statement section? A. What B. Who C. Why D. When A B C D 3. Which statement of the project

Directions:
delivered? A. Problem statement B. Objectives C. TechnicalRead each D.
approach of the following statements. Shade th
Project team A B C D 4. Which section contains a letter
short of the correct
summary answer.
about the A B C D 1. It is composition tha
author or specific entity
A. The title B. The abstract about an issue.
C. The introduction D. The A. Research Report B. Article Critique C. Project Proposa
table of contents following criteria are considered in ch
discussed, EXCEPT:

SELF-LEARNING A. Pervasiveness B. Argument

KIT FOR READING AND C. Urgency D. Demonstra
WRITING SKILLS the following is an information th

71 A. Factual Knowledge B. Statistical Inferences C. Informed

A Band
A B C D 5. Which section needs to grab the readers’ attention C Dexplain
4. Thiswhat
knowledge
the relies on evidence instea

project is all about? A. The A. Factual Knowledge B. Statistical Inferences C. Inform

abstract B. The discussion Testimony A B C D 5. It is the first hand experience of the
C. The title D. The table of
contents A. Factual Knowledge B.
Statistical Inferences C.
Informed Opinion D.
Personal Testimony

Tiongson, M. & Rodriguez, M. (2016). Reading and Writing Skills (2016). REX Book
Store 1st edition. Manila, Philippines.
 SELF-LEARNING
5. Outlines
KIT FOR
his discussion
READINGtoAND define the framework of the sc
WRITING SKILLS
6. Establishes his credibility
73
7. Demonstrates passion through the force of the argument

Issue Criteria
1. Learning Experience
In choosing the issue or problem to be discussed, th
Let’s Try!
1. The prevalence and pervasiveness of the issue.
Directions: Write your stand on the topic below.
2. The arguability of the issue.
Should the name of our country Philippines be changed to ‘Maharlika’?

_________________________________________________________________________
SELF-LEARNING
_________________________________________________________________________
WRITING SKILLS
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
74
3. The urgency of advocating one side of the issue.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. The sense and significance of the issue.

Developing and Supporting an Argument

Let’s Think!
After deciding on which argument to take a side, the
What have you learned from the activity? evidence. Some of these are:

1. Factual knowledge - information that is valid and verifiab

Let’s Keep These in Mind! 2. Statistical inferences - conclusions drawn from data gath

Position Paper 3. Informed opinion - based on knowledge of the facts and

relies on evidence instead of limited personal experience
The position paper is a composition that highlights an opinion of an author or specified
entity about an issue. As a debate, it presents one 4.
side of an arguable
Personal testimonyopinion and or
- personal persuades
first-hand experience of
the readers or audience that the author has a well-founded knowledge about the issue.
Components of a Position Paper
In Writing the Position Paper, the Writer:
I. Introduction
1. Shows his knowledge and concern about issues of the land.
A. Introduction to the Topic
2. Informs others of his position and conviction.
B. Background of the Topic
3. Formally organizes his perspective of the issue as a basis to build resolution to difficult
problems C. Thesis Statement

4. Suggests unique and well thought-of approach deal with the issue or to solve problem
II. Body A. The Counterclaim
 1. Summary of the Counterclaim 2. Reflection

2. Supporting information for the Counterclaim

Doing a position paper lets us express our ideas,
certain topic or issue. It may or may not impressed everyon
3. Refuting of the Counterclaim long as it stimulate our senses and perception, and inspir
long as we are dealing everything with respect to each othe
4. Giving Evidences for the Argument
Write your thoughts about writing a position paper.
B. The Argument
_______________________________________________
1. Assertion of claim no.1
_______________________________________________
A. Opinion _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
B. Support _______________________________________________

2. Assertion of claim no.2

A. Opinion

B. Support
Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade th
3. Assertion of claim no.3 letter of the correct answer.

A. Opinion A B C D 1. 1. Which paper presents the writer’s stance or p

issue, thereby requiring authority and confide
B. Support
A. Concept paper B. Position paper C. Technical report D.
2. A good thesis statement must _______
A. Present more than stance on a topic B. Be angry and bia
Clear the direction of where the argument goes next A B C
SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR
the following READING
should not be AND
done when writing a
WRITING SKILLS
paper? A. Start early to make sure you finish
75 time B. Develop the introduction and conclus
III. Conclusion later C. Use deadlines at your own advantag

A. Restating of Argument

B. Providing Plan of Action SELF-LEARNING

WRITING SKILLS
76
Let’s Do These! D. Try to put everything in a logical order A B C D 4. Whic
following is not a transition statement?
Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, write a position paper about lowering the age of
criminal liability. A. As we know

B. At the same time

 C. However SELF-LEARNING
WRITING SKILLS
D. Original
77
A B C D 5. Mind mapping and outlining are different ways of...

A. Organizing your thoughts

B. Scheduling your writing time

C. Rewarding yourself

D. Getting bogged down in your research

PURPOSEFUL WRIT
PROFESSIO
P, Cristy. (2019). Writing a Positiong Paper. www.coursehero.com/file/15118923
/Position-Paper

This module is designed for you, dear learner. This

pre-test, SLK proper, post-test, and next steps. All these a
competencies for Reading and Writings Skills. It is requir
before you go with the SLK proper and other parts of the m

In this century of literacy and technology, students

to become meaningful participants and successful memb
discourse community. As they begin their journey as pre-u
to have the knowledge and skills to communicate within
module, students are expected to:

• identify the unique features and requirements in comp

• compose professional correspondence following the p

process approach to writing.

11th/12th Grade English Reading an

 SELF-LEARNING
Writing Skills Self-Learning Kit WRITING SKILLS
78

Directions: Read each of the following statements. Shade th

letter of the correct answer.

A B C D 1. What is a plain-text resume?

A. A resume that includes bulleted lists and n
contains no bullets, bold, italics or lines. C. A
look of the document and more on the
skills and abilities of the person applying for job. D. Both
A B C D 2. Which of the following is NOT a resume format?
A. Chronological B. Portfolio C. Functional D. Combina
Which of the following should NOT be pa
A. Religious affiliation B. Employment history C. Contact inf
4. In which section of a resume would you m
skills? A. Education B. Contact information C. Employment
C D 5. ______________ is an online professional profile wh
highlighting your professional expertise, your skills, posting
Introduction recommendations from co-workers and business associate
A. Twitter B. Facebook C. LinkedIn D. Webpage portfolios
How to Use this Module
Pre-test
SELF-LEARNING KIT FOR READING AND
WRITING SKILLS
79