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Handout: M.SC I NSG Year

The document discusses fetal development from conception through birth. It begins with an overview stating that fetal development proceeds from basic to specialized structures in a head-to-toe direction. It then outlines the processes of gametogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, implantation, and the main stages of fetal growth - the pre-embryonic, embryonic, and fetal stages. During the pre-embryonic stage from fertilization to 3 weeks, rapid cell division and differentiation occurs. The embryonic stage from 4-8 weeks is most critical for physical development and embryogenesis. From 9 weeks until birth is the fetal stage where organ systems and structures are present and refined.

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102 views2 pages

Handout: M.SC I NSG Year

The document discusses fetal development from conception through birth. It begins with an overview stating that fetal development proceeds from basic to specialized structures in a head-to-toe direction. It then outlines the processes of gametogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, implantation, and the main stages of fetal growth - the pre-embryonic, embryonic, and fetal stages. During the pre-embryonic stage from fertilization to 3 weeks, rapid cell division and differentiation occurs. The embryonic stage from 4-8 weeks is most critical for physical development and embryogenesis. From 9 weeks until birth is the fetal stage where organ systems and structures are present and refined.

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aparna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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M.

Sc Ist Nsg Year

HANDOUT
FETAL DEVELOPMENT

 INTRODUCTION :
The entire process of growth, maturation, differentiation, and development that occurs
between conception and birth. Development proceeds in cephalocaudal direction,
from basic to more specialized in order of importance.

 CONCEPTION: The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst into the
endometrium is known as conception.

 GAMETOGENESIS: Gametogenesis is the process by which male and female sex cells or
gametes.

GAMETOGENESIS
SPERMATOGENESIS OOGENESIS

 OVULATION: Ovulation is defined as the release of an ovum or ova from the ovary.

 FERTILIZATION: The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the
female gamete, or ovum. The product of fertilization is a cell called a zygote.

 PROCESS OF FERTILIZATION:

 Transportation of gametes

 Approximation of gametes

o Capacitation

o Acrosomal reaction

o Penetration of the zona pellucida

 Fusion of gametes
M.Sc Ist Nsg Year

 IMPLANTATION: The attachment and embedding of the zygote (fertilized ovum)


in the endometrium in pregnancy.
 STAGES OF IMPLANTATION: 4 stages of
implntation are:
 Orientation
 Apposition
 Adhesion
 Invasion

 STAGES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT OF FETUS:


 Pre-embryonic Stage( germinal stage): Fertilization to 2 to 3 Weeks
o Rapid cell division and differentiation.
o Develop embryonic membranes and germ
layers

 Embryonic Stage: 4 to 8 Weeks Gestation


o Most critical stage of physical development
o Embryogenesis
 Fetal Stage: 9 Weeks to Birth
o Every organ system and external structure present.
o Refinement of fetus and organ function occur

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