Grillage Structure
A grillage structure means a set of intersecting
members which all lie in one plane while the
loading is applied normal to that plane.
If the structure lies in X-Y plane, then Mz as
well as Px & Py can be neglected with no
significant error.
The element shall then be subjected to shearing
force Pz, torsional moment Mx and bending
moment My.
Page 4
Grillage Element (Global & Local Coordinates)
~
Z,Z
~ ~
Fiz,Wi
~ ~
~
Y Mix, ix x
X
~ ~
Miy, iy ~ ~
Fjz,Wj y
~ ~
Y i E,G,I,J,L
j Mjx, jx
~ ~
Mjy, jy ~
X
Page 5
Definitions
E: Modulus of Elasticity
G: Shear Modulus
L: Element Length
I: Moment of Inertia about Y-axis
J: Torsional Moment of Inertia
Page 6
Polar and Torsional Moments of Inertia
The polar moment of inertia (Ix) is equal to the
integral of (r2dA) for any cross section.
Ix Iy Iz
The torsional moment of inertia (J) is equal to:
TL
J
G
Page 7
Polar and Torsional Moments of Inertia
For circular cross-section Ix = J
For other cross-sections Ix ≠ J
Section Torsional Moments of Inertia
Solid Circle d 4
Diameter = d J
32
Solid Square
Side Length = a J 0.1406a 4
Solid Rectangle
Length = 2a 16 b b 4
Width = 2b J ab 3.36 1
3
4
3 a 12a
Thin Rectangle
Length = b 1 3
Thickness = t
J bt
3
Page 8
Grillage Element Stiffness Matrix (Local)
12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI
0 0
3 2 3 2
L L L L
0 GJ
0 0
GJ
0
L L
2 EI
6 EI 4 EI 6 EI
~ L2
0 0 L
K L L2
12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI
0 0
L3 L 2
L
3
L 2
GJ GJ
0 0 0 0
L L
6 EI 2 EI 6 EI 4 EI
0 0
L2 L L2 L
Page 9
Grillage Element Load & Displacement Vectors (Local)
~
wi
~
Fiz ~
~ ~ix
M ix
~
~ M iy ~ iy
P ~ , d ~
F jz
~
w
~ j
M
~ jx jx
M jy ~
jy
Page 10
Grillage Element Transformation Matrix
1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
l1 m1
0 m1 l1 0 0 0
T
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 l1 m1
0 0 0 0 m1 l1
( x j xi ) x ( y j yi ) y
l1 L
, m1
L L
L
L (x) (y) 2 2
Page 11
Grillage Element Stiffness Matrix (Global)
Page 12
Grillage Element Stiffness Matrix (Global)
2 2 2 2
12EI/L3 -(6EI/L )m1 (6EI/L )l1 - (12EI/L3) -(6EI/L )m1 (6EI/L )l1
2 (GJ/L)l12 + (GJ/L)l1m1 - 2 -(GJ/L)l12 + -(GJ/L)l1m1 -
-(6EI/L )m1 2 (6EI/L )m1 2
(4EI/L)m1 (4EI/L)l1m1 (2EI/L)m1 (2EI/L)l1m1
(GJ/L)l1m1 - (GJ/L)m12 + -(GJ/L)l1m1 - -(GJ/L)m12 +
(6EI/L2)l1 2 -(6EI/L2)l1 2
(4EI/L)l1m1 (4EI/L)l1 (2EI/L)l1m1 (2EI/L)l1
- (12EI/L3) (6EI/L2)m1 -(6EI/L2)l1 (12EI/L3) (6EI/L2)m1 -(6EI/L2)l1
2 -(GJ/L)l12 + -(GJ/L)l1m1 - 2 (GJ/L)l12 + (GJ/L)l1m1 -
-(6EI/L )m1 (6EI/L )m1
(2EI/L)m12 (2EI/L)l1m1 (4EI/L)m12 (4EI/L)l1m1
2
2 -(GJ/L)l1m1 - -(GJ/L)m1 + 2 (GJ/L)l1m1 - (GJ/L)m12 +
(6EI/L )l1 2 -(6EI/L )l1 2
(2EI/L)l1m1 (2EI/L)l1 (4EI/L)l1m1 (4EI/L)l1
Page 13
Grillage Element Load & Displacement Vectors (Global)
Fiz wi
M
ix ix
M iy iy
P , d
F
jz w
j
M jx jx
M jy jy
Page 14
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Page 15
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Coding Nodes, Elements and D.O.F
Page 16
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Directions Cosines
x y
Member End i End j L (m) l1 m1
(m) (m)
1 1 3 8 0 8 1 0
2 2 3 0 -10 10 0 -1
3 3 4 0 -10 10 0 -1
Page 17
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Element Stiffness Matrix in Global Axes, K1
I=0.0054 m4, J=0.003708 m4, EI=10800 m2t & GJ=2966.29 m2t
253.125 0 1012.5 -253.125 0 1012.5
0 370.786 0 0 -370.786 0
1012.5 0 5400 -1012.5 0 2700
-253.125 0 -1012.5 253.125 0 -1012.5
0 -370.786 0 0 370.786 0
1012.5 0 2700 -1012.5 0 5400
Page 18
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Element Stiffness Matrix in Global Axes, K2 = K3
I=0.0128 m4, J=0.005502 m4, EI=25600 m2t & GJ=4401.443m2t
307.2 1536 0 -307.2 1536 0
1536 10240 0 -1536 5120 0
0 0 440.144 0 0 -440.144
-307.2 -1536 0 307.2 -1536 0
1536 5120 0 -1536 10240 0
0 0 -440.144 0 0 440.144
Page 19
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Variable Correlation Table
End i End j
Member
wi xi yi wj xj yj
1 0 0 0 1 2 3
2 0 0 0 1 2 3
3 1 2 3 0 0 0
Page 20
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Master Stiffness Matrix
867.525 0 -1012.5
0 20850.786 0
-1012.5 0 6280.288
Page 21
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Fixed End Forces
Page 22
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Reversed Fixed End Forces and Joint Loads
Page 23
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Load Vector
-35.5 867.525 0 -1012.5 w3
18.75 ,= 0 20850.786 0 x3
14.67 -1012.5 0 6280.288 y3
Solve for unknown displacements, therefore
w3 ,-0.0047 m
x3 ,= 0.000899 rad.
y3 ,-0.00525 rad.
Page 24
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Forces in Members
Member # 1 (Global & Local)
Page 25
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Forces in Members
Member # 2 (Global)
Page 26
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Forces in Members
Member # 2 (Local)
Page 27
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Forces in Members
Member # 3 (Global)
Page 28
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Forces in Members
Member # 3 (Local)
Page 29
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Shearing Forces Diagram
Page 30
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Twisting (Torsion) Moment Diagram
Page 31
Example 6: Grillage Structure
Bending Moment Diagram
Page 32
