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Drying Process and Dryer Types

The document discusses drying as the final stage of removing water from materials, usually using heat. It defines drying and distinguishes it from evaporation. Various dryer types are classified based on solid handling and heat transfer methods. Common dryer types like rotary dryers and batch dryers are described. The document provides equations for calculating moisture content on a wet or dry basis, air flow rate, dryer efficiency, and presents a sample problem calculating air requirements and fan capacity for a dryer.

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Edwin Torillo
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172 views6 pages

Drying Process and Dryer Types

The document discusses drying as the final stage of removing water from materials, usually using heat. It defines drying and distinguishes it from evaporation. Various dryer types are classified based on solid handling and heat transfer methods. Common dryer types like rotary dryers and batch dryers are described. The document provides equations for calculating moisture content on a wet or dry basis, air flow rate, dryer efficiency, and presents a sample problem calculating air requirements and fan capacity for a dryer.

Uploaded by

Edwin Torillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DRYING

Drying is commonly the last stage in a manufacture


process. Drying is the final removal of water
from material (usually by heat)
Purposes of drying
1. To avoid or eliminate moisture which may lead to
corrosion and decrease the product or drug
stability.
2. To improve or keep the good properties of a
material, e.g. flowability, compressibility.
3. To reduce the cost of transportation of large
volume materials ( liquids)
4. To make the material easy or more suitable for
handling.
5. Preservative.
6. The final step in: Evaporation- Filtration-
Crystallization.

Difference between Drying and Evaporation


1. In drying processes, the main operation usually carried
out on solid materials, e.g. powders, or products.
2.Drying in most of the cases means the removal of
relatively small amounts of water from solids.
Evaporation include the removal of large amounts
of water from solutions.
3. In most cases, drying involves the removal of water at
temperatures below its boiling point, whereas
evaporation means the removal of water by boiling
a solution.
4.In drying , water is usually removed by circulating
air over the material in order to carry away the
water vapour , while in evaporation , water is
removed from the material as pure water vapour mixed
with other gases.

1
CLASSIFICATION OF DRYERS

• Based on solid handling (static bed


dryer-moving bed-fluidized bed).
• Based on heat transfer (direct dryers-
Indirect-IR or radiant heat).

TYPES OF DRYERS

1. Continuous Dryer
2. Batch Dryer

2
ROTARY DRYER

2
Dryer 0
1
Air

Feed
Heater
Combustion
Air Product

W1 = W0 = specific humidity of drying air, kgw/kga


W2 = specific humidity of exhaust air
ΔW = (W2 – W1) = increase of specific humidity in air
mF = mass flow of feed, kgF/hr = (mFw + mB)

3
Where:
mFw = mass flow of water contained in feed
mB = mass flow of bone dry solid (constant during the
drying process).
mP = mass flow of product, kgP/hr
= (mPw + mB)
mw = mass flow of water evaporated, kgw/hr
= (mF – mP) = (mFw – mPw)

WET BASIS (water content is expressed as a percentage


of the total weight)

(a.) FEED:
(mFw/mF)*100% = mFw/(mFw + mB)*100%

(b.) PRODUCT:
(mPw/mP)*100% = mPw/(mPw + mB)*100%

4
DRY BASIS (water content is expressed as a percentage
of weight of the bone dry solid)

(a.) FEED:
(mFw/mB)*100%

(b.) PRODUCT:
(mPw/mB)*100%
ma = mass flow of the drying air, kga/hr
= (mw) / (W2 – W1)

NOTE: If the percent moisture is NOT specified as


whether on wet-basis or dry-basis, assume that it is on
wet-basis

0 1

e = Dryer efficiency = heat utilized by the dryer divided


by the heat absorbed by the air from the heater
e = (t1 – t2)/(t1 – t0)

5
Problem:
• The temperature of the air in the dryer is maintained
constant by the use of steam coils within the dryer. The
product enters the dryer at the rate of 0.75 Mton/hr. The
initial moisture content 2.5 kg/kg of dry solid and will be
dried to a moisture content of 0.15 kg/kg dry solid. Air
enters the dryer with a humidity of 0.014 kg/kg and a
temperature of 50°C leaves with a relative humidity of
70% and with a temperature of 35°C. If the total
pressure of the air is 101.325 kPaa, determine: (a) total
required amount of air in kg/hr under entrance
conditions; (b) capacity of the forced draft fan to handle
this air in cu.m/min.

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