DESIGN OF GABION RETAINING WALL (Consideing 1 rm)

(2 M HEIGHT - Top at Road level)

DESIGN DATA :
1 DIMENSION OF GABION BOXES

Type I LENGTH = 1 m WIDTH = 1 m HEIGHT = 1 m

Type II LENGTH = 1 m WIDTH = 1.5 m HEIGHT = 1 m
2 Arrangement of gabion boxes in wall
Height Width of Gabion Weight of each
(m) Width (m) box (m) No. of boxes layer in Tonne
Layer 2 1 1.5 1 1.5 3.75
Layer 1 1 2 1 2 5

3 Total weight of Gabion wall (W) 8.75 T

4 Height of Wall 2 m
5 Number of layers = 2
6 Shift of each layer on earth face = 100 mm
Therefore,
7 Angle of effective plane at the rear of soil α = 87.14 degrees
8 Angle of friction of backfill soil = ᵩ = 30 degree
9 Base width = B 2 m
10 Embedment Depth = Z = 0.5 M
11 Batter angle β = 5.71 degrees
12 Live load = 1.2 m of earth as per IRC 6
Live load surcharge intensity = 2.4 T/m2
13 Top width =A= 1.5 m
14 Shift on forward face= X= 0.3 m
15 Ange of Surcharge = i = 0.00 degrees
16 Angle of internal friction of backfill soil = 30 degrees
17 Angle of internal friction of ground = 30 degrees
18 SBC of soil = 30 T/m2
19 Angle of friction between gabion wall and soil =δ = 20 degrees
2
20 Density of Rock inside gabions = 2.5 T/m
3 3
21 Unit weight of Soil = 1.8 T/m = 18KN/m
22 Centre of Gravity from Toe

Xg = m1x1+m2x2+m3x3…. 1.06 m
m1+m2+m3 =

Yg= m1y1+m2y2+m3y3…. 0.93 m

m1+m2+m3 =
 Xg=1.06
A=1.5m y'

Yg=0.93 h=2m δ H'= 3.19

β=5.71deg Pa H= 1.99 m
G.L α =87.14 45+Ǿ/2 RUPTURE PLANE
z =0.5m B=2 m

DETERMINATION OF ACTIVE THRUST

(Using Coloumb's Theory of earth pressure)

Under Static Condition

ᵧ
Pa = 1/2Ka H
2

Where,
Pa = Active force
Ka = Coefficient of active earth pressure

Now, as per coulomb's Theory,

Where,
α = 87.14 degrees
Ǿ = 30 degrees
δ = 20 degrees
i = 0 degrees

Therefore,
Ka = 0.318666

Therefore,

Pa= 29.19 KN

Check for Safety Against overturning

Friction coefficient of Soil (µ)= 0.5773503

Determination of forces acting on the wall

 Horizontal Forces

Perpendicular distance Moment about toe of wall

Load Type Horizontal load from toe of wall in KNm
Horizontal component
of active earth
pressure 26.9 1.06 28.514
Mo=Overturning moment

Vertical Forces

Load Type Vertical load Perpendicular distance Moment about toe of wall
Weight of Gabion wall 87.5 1.06 92.75
Vertical component of
earth pressure 13.96 1.06 14.7976
101.46 107.5476
Mr = Resisting moment

Therefore ,

Factor of Safety against overturning = 3.772 > 2 Hence safe

Total Sliding Force = Horizontal component of active earth pressure = 26.9 KN

Tota Resiting Force =101.46 X 0.577 = 58.577958 KN

Factor of safety against sliding 2.1776193

= > 1.5 Hence Safe

Check for base pressure

Let "d" be the point of application of the normal force

Here ,

d= Mr-Mo
ΣV

= 0.78 m

Therefore ,

e= b/2-d = 0.22 m
 Pmax Pmin

N 6e
Pmax= (1 + )
B B

Where,

N= Summation of all vertical forces = 101.46 KN

B= Base width of wall = 2 sq.m
e= eccentricity = 0.22

Therefore,

Pmax = 84.2118 say 85 KN/sq.m

Considering a factor of safety of 1.3
Therefore , the minimum bearing capacity of soil required for the construction of this wall is
111 KN/sq.m
N 6e or 11.1 T/sq.m
Pmin= (1 - )
B B

Pmin = 17.2482 >0 Hence Safe

Factor of safety against bearing capacity = SBC/Pmax = 3.56

> 2.5 Hence safe

SEISMIC ANALYSIS

The calculation of the horizontal seismic coefficient is calculated as

Where ,
Z = Seismic Zone factor for seismic Zone V = 0.36
I = Importance factor for the retaining wall = 1
R = Response reduction factor for unreinforced concrete wall = 1.5
Sa/g=Spectral acceleration coefficient or flexibility factor = 1

Putting the values :

The horizontal acceleration coefficient αh = 0.12

The vertical acceleration coefficient αv = 2/3 x αh = 0.08

 Calculation of active pressure coefficient under seismic condition:

Adopting the method prescribed in IS: 1893: 1984 the dynamic active pressure coefficient
is given by the equation:

α
where λ=Tan-1 (1±α
ℎ )
𝑣

putting the values : λ= 0.1106572 6.34 Deg

(considering the value of +αv

Therefore putting the values in the above equation the value of active pressure coefficient
in seismic condition:

Ca = 0.36574
where,
α = 0.0499584 Rad = 2.86 Deg
Ǿ = 0.5235988 Rad = 30 Deg
δ = 0.3490659 Rad = 20 Deg
i = 0 Rad = 0 Deg
λ = 0.1106572 Rad = 6.34 Deg
αv = 0.08

Therefore earth pressure under Seismic Condition = 1/2Ca H2 ᵧ 33.497706 KN

Stability Analysis under Static Condition

Friction coefficient of Soil (µ)= 0.5773503

Determination of forces acting on the wall

Horizontal Forces

Perpendicular distance Moment about toe of wall

Load Type Horizontal load from toe of wall in KNm
Horizontal component
of active earth
pressure 30.87 1.06 32.7222
Mo=Overturning moment

Vertical Forces

Load Type Vertical load Perpendicular distance Moment about toe of wall

Weight of Gabion wall 87.5 1.06 92.75

Vertical component of
earth pressure 13.01 1.06 13.7906
100.51 106.5406
Mr = Resisting moment
 Therefore ,

Factor of Safety against overturning = 3.256 > 1.5 Hence safe

Total Sliding Force = Horizontal component of active earth pressure = 30.87 KN

Tota Resiting Force =100.51 X 0.577 = 58.029476 KN

Factor of safety against sliding 1.8798016

= > 1.125 Hence safe

Check for base pressure

Let "d" be the point of application of the normal force

Here ,

d= Mr-Mo
ΣV

= 0.7344 m

Therefore ,

e= b/2-d = 0.27 m

Pmax Pmin

N 6e
Pmax= (1 + )
B B

Where,

N= Summation of all vertical forces = 100.51 KN

B= Base width of wall = 2 sq.m
e= eccentricity = 0.2655616

Therefore,

Pmax = 90.2924 <300 KN/m2 Hence Safe

SBC of Soil = 300 KN/m2 (For compacted soil - Medium sand)

N 6e
Pmin= (1 - )
B B

Pmin = 10.2176 >0 Hence Safe

Factor of safety against bearing capacity = SBC/Pmax = 4.98

SAFETY AGAINST INTERNAL FAILURE

Check against sliding of each layer

A. STATIC CONDITION
 'd' in m Earth
conside pressure Hor. Ver,co
Layer ring upto the Compone mp of Effective weight
description surchar depth nt of EP EP upto 'd' in KN f' Resisting force FOS

Layer 2 2.2 13.88 12.79 5.39 37.5 0.58 24.76255305 1.9

Layer 1 3.2 29.37 27.06 25.43 87.5 0.58 65.2001659 2.4

B. SEISMIC CONDITION

'd' in m
conside Earth
ring pressure Hor. Ver,co
Layer surchar upto the Compone mp of Effective weight
description ge depth nt of EP EP upto 'd' in KN f' Resisting force FOS
Layer 2 2.2 15.93 14.68 15.93 37.5 0.58 30.84782488 2.1
Layer 1 3.2 33.71 31.06 33.71 87.5 0.58 69.98062613 2.3

STRESSES ON EACH LAYER

Normal stress
'd' in m
conside
ring
Layer surchar horizontal Shear Vertic
description ge load stress al load Xg Yg Mo Mr d
Layer 2 2.2 14.68 9.79 42.89 0.75 0.333333333 5 32 0.635909691 33.7
Layer 1 3.2 31.06 15.53 112.93 1.064 0.666666667 21 120 0.638448973 88.4

Therefore
Maximum shear stress = 15.53 KN/m2
Maximum normal stress = 88.44 KN/m3