NAME: Suleman Hasan Khan

CLASS: CHE-11(SCME)

FLUID MECHANICS- II Assignment #1

“Effect of Geometrical Parameters On Mixing”

The effect of power number on shape factors S1,S2,S3, S4 ,S5 ,S6 are
sometimes times less and sometimes high. Sometimes two or more shape
factor are interrelated with each other.
Da E L W J H
S1 = ; S 2= ; S3 = ; S 4 = ; S 5 = ; S6 =
DT DT Da Da DT DT

The effect of changing shape factors are discussed below:

 POINT #1

Effect of Impeller to Tank/Vessel Diameter

The shape factor S1 is the ratio between impeller diameter to tank diameter.
Da
S1 =
Dt

For Few and Narrow Baffles:

By decreasing S1 (impeller to tank diameter ratio) the power number increases for few and narrow baffles. This
is due to the fact that by decreasing S1 the size of impeller decreases and small circulation it will produces and
there will be vortex formation. So, it requires more power to achieve desire power that’s why power number
increases.
The second reason is that as power number is given as:
P gc
N p=
n D5a p
3

As from this relation it seems that power number is inversely proportional to Impeller Diameter So that’s why by
decreasing S1, power number increases.

For wide and Many Baffles:

As the S1(impeller to tank/vessel diameter ratio) decreases the power number decreases.
As the number of baffle and thickness of baffles increases the tank diameter decreases in this way small will
be sufficient for better mixing and there will be no more vortex formation. Now we have to maintain some
distance between baffle and impeller tip. So that’s why less power is required for mixing and thus power
number decreases.
Inter-relation between S1 and S5:
As we know S5 is the ratio between baffle thickness(J) and Tank diameter (DT).
S5 = J/ DT
In between the relation between S1 and there S5 there is an ideality that when S5 =1/12th value of the baffle
thickness is 1/12th of the tank diameter, then changing S1 has no effect on power number. This relation is very
useful in constructing vessels and using them in industries.
 POINT #2

Effect Of Clearance on Mixing:

As we know S2 is given by the ratio between distance of the impeller to the bottom of the tank (E) with the tank
diameter(DT)
E
S2 =
DT
S2 is also termed as Clearance of impeller. Clearance depend on the design of turbine. If the value of S2 is
greater will be the distance of the impeller from the bottom of the tank. So, there are greater chances of
creating Dead Zones of UnAgitated Liquid. So, in order to avoid these dead zones the more power is
consumed so power number increases.

For Disc Turbine:

For Disc turbine as it only gives radial and tangential flow So, dead zones of unagitated fluid will be created
by increasing the value of S2 So, in order to avoid these dead zones for better mixing more power is to be
deliver to the Disc turbine in this way Power number increases.
So, power number of Disc Turbine increase with increase in Value of S2(clearance)

Pitched Blade Turbine:

As we know pitched turbine blade due to pitching it can generate Axial Flow also with tangential and radial
Flow So some dead zones created by increasing the value of S2 (clearance) is overcome by Axial flow
generated by Pitched blade turbine, so as there are no dead zones left
So, by increasing the value of S2 the power number Np decreases in this way.

Open Straight Blade Turbine:

In case of open straight-blade turbine the power consumption is slightly lower. So, power number is
less.
 POINT #3

Effect of Blade Number on Power consumption:

As we know power number is directly proportional to the drag coefficient and inversely proportional to the
inertial forces.
Greater the number of blades greater will be the drag coefficient and load on the shaft So more power is
required to rotate the shaft
So, as the number of blades in turbine increases the power number increases. That’s why for six blade
turbines N p increases directly with S4 , for four bladed turbines N p increases as S1.25 4 . As the drag
coefficient of pitched blade turbine is less than that of straight blade turbine because of pitching that’s why it
pitched blade turbine has less power number. This it consumes less power.

POINT #4

Effect of Using Multiple Impellers on Same Shaft:

To achieve better mixing and to circulate more liquid more then one impeller can be mounted on the same
shaft but using multiple turbines on the same shaft require more power as the load on the shaft increases.
But keeping in view there should be a reasonable distance between the impellers as each impeller produces its
own circulation when each impeller is rotating it is producing circulation in liquid there are chances that the
circulated liquid from one impeller impart pressure on the other impeller mounted near to it which impart a load
on the shaft. Due to this more power will be required to rotate the impeller to maintain its speed. The spacing
between two impellers should be at least equal to the diameter of the impeller.
because (greater the load greater the power requirement and hence greater will be the Np). So, that’s
why for straight blade turbine mounted closer to each other the power number Np is 2.4 times that required for
single turbine on the same shaft. And the impeller mounted at a distance equal to the diameter of the impeller
the power number is 1.9 times that for single turbine.
Illustration of using multiple
impellers on the same shaft

POINT #5

The power number is given as:

P gc
N p=
n D5a p
3

Where P is the power required, n is the number of rotations, Da is the impeller diameter and p is the density.
As from the formula of Power number it is clear that it is independent on the size dimensions of the vessel. So,
the shape of the tank has negligible effect on power number. So, whether our tank/vessel is horizontal or
vertical, square or cylindrical the power consumption is nearly same until and unless the depth of liquid is
same.
 As we know when the fluid strikes the baffle wall it losses much of its energy so that’s why more power is
required to achieve desire accelerated fluid that’s is why the power required in unbaffled vessel/tank is 0.75
time that required in baffled tank/ vessel.
So, Np in unbaffled tank is 0.75 times that in baffled tank.