Boiler Manual

4×300MW Coal fired power plant boiler operation manual of India Richy
Content
CONTENT......................................................................................................................... I
CHAPTER 1 SPECIFICATIONS OF THE BOILER EQUIPMENT.........................3
1. SPECIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOILER EQUIPMENT........................3
2. AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS..............................................................16
3 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE BOILER MAIN CONTROL SYSTEM (FURNACE SAFEGUARD
SUPERVISION SYSTEM (FSSS))......................................................................................37
CHAPTER2 BOILER STARTUP...............................................................................51
1．THE PRESCRIPTION AND DESCRIPTION OF BOILER STARTUP.............................51
2. BOILER STARTUP MODES & THE SELECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STARTUP PARAMETERS AND
PATTERNS....................................................................................................................... 53
3. BOILER EXAMINATION & AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS START BEFORE
STARTUP......................................................................................................................... 54
4.BOILER COLD STARTUP...............................................................................................57
5. BOILER HOT STARTUP................................................................................................68
6. BOILER LOAD INCREASING........................................................................................70
CHAPTER 3 NORMAL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE BOILER.74
1. ROUTINE MAINTENANCE AND SEASONAL PREVENTIVE MEASURES............................74
2. MONITOR THE MAIN OPERATION PARAMETERS..........................................................76
3. BOILER OPERATION PARAMETERS REGULATION........................................................78
CHAPTER 4 BOILER SHUTDOWN...........................................................................87
1.THE MODES AND PRINCIPLES OF BOILER SHUTDOWN................................................87
2. PREPARATIONS FOR SHUTDOWN.................................................................................87
3. BOILER SHUTDOWN TO COLD STANDBY.....................................................................88
4. BOILER SHUTDOWN TO HOT STANDBY......................................................................90
5. EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN...........................................................................................91
6. NOTICES FOR BOILER SHUTDOWN.............................................................................92
7. BOILER FORCED COOLING (CONDUCTED WHEN REPAIRS REQUIRED AFTER BOILER
SHUTDOWN)................................................................................................................... 92
8. BOILER STORAGE AFTER SHUTDOWN........................................................................93
CHAPTER5 STARTUP, SHUTDOWN, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF BOILER AU
EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEM.......................................................................................95
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS OF BOILER AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OPERATION：...............95
2. STARTUP, SHUTDOWN, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE OF BOILER AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT AND
SYSTEM........................................................................................................................ 103
CHAPTER 6 BOILER TYPICAL ACCIDENT HANDLING..................................180
I
1. PRINCIPLES OF ACCIDENT HANDLING......................................................................180

2. REQUIREMENTS OF BOILER EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN.............................................181
3. TYPICAL ACCIDENT HANDLING...............................................................................188
APPENDIX.................................................................................................................... 201
1.CONVERSION AND SYMBOLS OF COMMON UNITS....................................................201
2.THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETER TABLE OF SATURATED WATER AND SATURATED STEAM (ARRANG
ACCORDING TO PRESSURE)..........................................................................................202
3. SYMBOLS AND UNITS TABLE USED BY OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
MANUAL:..................................................................................................................... 203
4.BOILER COLD START-UP CURVE.................................................................................207
5.BOILER WARM START-UP CURVE...............................................................................208
6. BOILER HOT START-UP CURVE..................................................................................208
7. Boiler extremely start-up curve...............................................................................210
II
CHAPTER 1 Specifications of the Boiler Equipment

1. Specifications and Characteristics of the Boiler Equipment
1.1 Boiler Overview
The SG–1015/17.5–M730 subcritical pressure natural-circulation boiler,
produced by Shanghai Boiler Company Ltd., is a subcritical-pressure single
reheating and naturally circulating boiler. It is characterized by single furnace,
temperature regulating by tilting burners, balanced ventilation, four-corner
tangential combustion, positive pressure direct pulverizing system with
medium-speed mills and cold primary air fans, continuous dry ash extraction,
two trisector air preheaters arranged in the rear part of the boiler，Π type, full
steel-framing suspended structure, and semi enclosed arrangement.
The furnace is 14022mm wide and 12350mm deep. The marked elevations
of the furnace roof, the drum center line and the girder bottom on the boiler top
are 59500mm, 69750mm and 64000mm respectively. The boiler top adopts
totally-enclosed framework, equipped with large seal setting. The furnace is
enclosed by Φ60×7mm membrane water wall, the angle of the furnace hopper
on the furnace bottom is 55°. The furnace bottom is structured with water seal,
the upper part of the furnace is arranged with dividing platen reheater, rear
platen reheater and platen reheater, and the front wall and the two sidewalls are
all equipped with wall radiation reheaters. The marked elevation of the furnace
water wall lower header is 7340mm.
The stack flue, 6278mm deep, is made up of the roof bypass superheater
used for furnace extension sidewall and extension sidewall of the rear flue. It is
also arranged with final reheaters and final superheaters.
The rear flue, with the depth of 6278mm, is arranged with low temperature
superheater and economizers.
The positive pressure direct blowing pulverizing system adopted by the
boiler has six HP863 medium speed coal pulverizers, among which four sets
are for operation and two are on standby when the boiler is in full load with
firing design coal, five sets are for operation and one is on standby in front of
the boiler when it is in full load with firing check coal. The burners adopt four-
corner arrangement and tangential combustion (6 layers totally), in this way,
pulverized coal and air can be conveyed through four corners, consequently,
concentric arc-tangential and rich-thin combustion which not only has good
3
low-load combustion stability but also effectively avoids slagging and high
temperature corrosion can be realized in the furnace. Besides, in order to
weaken the remaining revolving intensity of the gas flow and reduce the
temperature difference of flue gas at both sides of the furnace outlets, the OFA
jets on the burner top layer find themselves arc-tangent. With its marked
elevation of 28100 mm, the top layer burner jets center line is 17800mm away
from the bottom of the platen; with its marked elevation of 20470 mm, the
lowest layer burner jets center is 4519mm away from the furnace hopper
corner. There also arranged 4-layer startup and combustion-supporting oil guns
in the air boxes of the burners in every corner.
The design of wide flame leeward side peripheral air with adjustable air
volume is adopted to fit the change of both the coal quality and load change.
When the boiler is combusting the design coal, the lowest load for stable
combustion without oil is not less than 30%BMCR.
The boiler steelwork is of full steel framing and jointed by high-strength
bolts. Altogether 17 platforms are arranged in the boiler, 7 of them are
inflexible. To make the operation easy, partial platforms are also arranged
somewhere. All weight of the boiler is suspended by the steelwork except that
of the ash hopper devices and the preheaters. Expansion center and zero
position ensuring system are arranged in the boiler. The boiler roof is hot-
sealed with big setting and the boiler top tubes are sealed with pure metals. The
furnace wall is light type structure with trapeziform metal skin casings. In order
to bear the pressure from both the positive side and the negative side, inflexible
beams are arranged around the furnace and the rear flue. There are 20 layers of
inflexible beams for the furnace and 14 layers for the rear flue.
The steam temperature regulation of the superheaters mainly adopts
attemperators. There are two stages of attemperators in the superheater
system--------the primary stage is arranged in the outlet pipes of the low
temperature superheaters and the secondary stage is arranged in the outlet pipes
of the rear platen superheaters. According to the design, the maximum spray
water quantity of the primary and secondary attemperators is 103t/h and 15t/h
respectively. Tilting burners and excessive air coefficient regulation are
adopted to regulate the reheated steam temperature. The upward tilting angle
and the downward tilting angle of the burners is each 30° approximately.
Because the reheaters are arranged in the high temperature gas areas of the
4
furnace outlet, they are rather sensitive to the temperature regulation from the
tilting burners. Therefore, changing the excessive air coefficient can be used for
temperature regulation when the load is below a certain value.
The emergency attemperaters are arranged in the reheater system. The
attemperaters are on the inlet pipes of the wall reheaters, with the design
maximum spray water quantity of 42t/h. The spray water comes from the feed
water pump taps. It flows through two paths after across the isolating
valve------respectively through the pneumatic regulating valve and the electric
stop valve to go to the attemperaters. The regulating valves are controlled by
CCS, the isolating valve and the regulating valve interlock.
To ensure that the economizer operates safely and stably during the boiler
startup, one recirculating circuit of the economizer is arranged between the
drum and the economizer inlet header. There is one electric stop valve on the
circuit, and this valve can be closed after boiler continuous water filling. The
recirculating circuit capacity is designed at 5% BMCR.
Two Φ10318mm Ljungstrom air preheaters with whirling trisector heating
surfaces are arranged under the rear flue.
56 sets of wall soot-blowers are arranged in the furnace, 44 sets of long
retractable
s are arranged in the upper part of the furnace and convective flue area,
and 2 soot blowers are arranged in the preheaters. When in operation, program
control is realized in all soot blowers.
The boiler proper is equipped with 10 spring safety valves, of which 3 are
on the drum, 2 are in the outlets of the superheaters, 2 are in the inlet pipes of
the reheaters and 3 are in the outlet pipes of the reheaters. In order to reduce the
lifting times of safety valves, 2 dynamic relief valves are also arranged in the
outlets of the superheater.
Gas temperature probes are installed on both the left side and the right
side of the furnace outlet. They are used for controlling the flue gas
temperature of the furnace outlet when the boiler is starting up. Both the left
side and the right side of the furnace are equipped with furnace flame
monitoring devices to observe the combustion condition in the furnace. The
boiler is equipped with safety and protecting devices, such as the drum water
level gauges, water level monitoring devices and FSSS, etc.
5
1.2 Design Specification of the Boiler

Mode:
Subcritical Pressure Single Reheating Natural Circulation Boiler with
Drum
Model:
SG—1015/17.5—M730 Type
Manufacturer:
Shanghai Boiler Company Ltd.
Combustion Mode:
High energy electric spark - light oil - heavy oil –pulverized coal. Positive
pressure direct system with medium-speed mill, four corner arrangement and
tangential combustion.
Ventilation Mode:
Balance Draft
Operation Mode:
Constant Pressure Operation and Sliding Pressure Operation
Circulation Mode:
Natural Circulation
Ignition Method:
Light oil profile igniter ignites the heavy oil by light oil and then the
pulverized coal.
Method of Main Steam Temperature Regulation
Two-Stage Attemperating
Method of Reheated Steam Temperature Regulation:
Swing the burner tilting angle and change the excessive air
coefficient.
Design Fuel:
Light Diesel Oil，Heavy Oil and Coal
1.3 Specifications of the Boiler Equipment
1.3.1 Drum:
Design Pressure 19.79Mpa
Design Temperature 365℃
Inside Diameter 1743mm
Thickness 192mm
Total Length 22338mm
6
Marked Elevation of the drum center line: 64.0m

Material SA-299
Size of the Whole Drum 22400x3000x2800mm
Material Quality BHW35
Number of the Turbo-Separators 94 sets
1.3.2 Furnace and the Water Wall
Furnace Width 14022mm
Furnace Depth 12350mm
Width- Depth Ratio of the Furnace 1.14:1
Marked Elevation of the Water Wall Lower Header 7340mm
Marked Elevation of the Roof Pipe Center Line 59500mm
Cooling Ratio of the Furnace, Maximum 160，000Kcal/hm2
Furnace Volumetric Heat Load（BMCR） 94.5x103Kcal/hm3
Furnace Sectional Heat Load（BMCR） 4.21x106Kcal/hm2
Average Heat Load of Water Wall
Surface（BMCR）0.159x106Kcal/hm2
Heat Load of the Burner Zone（BMCR） 1.30x106Kcal/hm2
Capacity 8200 hm3
1.3.3 Heating Area
Radiation Heating Area (including the dividing platen) 3900 m2
Convection Heating Area 42000 m2
Total Heating Area 47000 m2
1.3.4 Burners
Type of Pulverized Coal Burner Wide Range Tilting Burners
Number 24 sets
Type of Light Oil Guns Retractable Pressure Atomizing
Number 4 sets
Function Warming up the boiler and increasing the
pressure
Total Output 10% BMCR
Type of Heavy Oil Guns Retractable Steam Atomizing
Number 12 sets
Function To ignite the adjacent pulverized coal jets and make
the combustion stable.
Total Output 30%BMCR
7
Marked elevation of the top layer burner jets center line 28100 mm
Distance to the bottom of the dividing platen 17800mm，
Marked elevation of the lowest layer burner jets center 20470
mm，
Distance to the furnace hopper corner 4519 mm
1.3.5 Refer the detailed tube specifications, arrangements and materials of the
superheaters of every levels to the following table：
Tube
Name Num
Row Transv Longitu
and Place ber
(Slic erse dinal Tube Specification
of the per Material
e)Nu Pitch Pitch (mm)
Heating Row(
mber (mm) (mm)
Surfaces Slice
)
Low
Temperat
ure
Superhea
ters
Vertical
Sections SA213-
Φ51×7
Tube1# T22
～4#
Upper
Part Pipe
SA213-
Group Φ51×6.5
116 4 120 102 T11
Tube 1#
～4#
Middle
SA213-
Part Tube
T11
Group Φ51×6
SA210-
Tube 1#
A1
～4#
Lower
Part Tube
SA210-
Group Φ51×6
A1
Tube 1#
～4#
Dividing 24 9 2736 60
Platen
Superhea
8
ter
SA213-
Tube 1# Φ51×6,Φ51×6.5 T91，SA
213-T22
SA213-
Tube 2#
Φ51×6,Φ51×6.5 T91，SA
～3#
213-T22
SA213-
Tube 4# Φ51×6.0,Φ51×6.5,
T11，SA
～8# Φ51×7.0
213-T22
SA213-
Φ51×6.0,Φ51×6.5,
Tube 9# T11，SA
Φ51×7.0
213-T22
Rear 23 12 684 63
Platen
Superhea
ter
SA213-
T23
SA213-
Tube 1# Φ60×7.5, Φ60×9
T91，SA
213-
TP347
SA213-
T23
Tube 2# Φ54×7,Φ54×7.5, SA213-
～3# Φ54×8 T91，SA
213-
TP347
SA213-
T23
Tube 4# Φ54×7,Φ51×7.5 SA213-
～6# Φ54×8 T22，SA
213-
TP347
SA213-
Tube 7# T23
Φ54×7,Φ54×7.5
～12# SA213-
TP347
Tube 13# Φ54×7,Φ54×8 SA213-
T23
SA213-
9
TP347
Final
Superhea
ter
81 4 171 102
SA213-
Tube 1#
Φ51×7,Φ51×7.5 T22，SA
～4#
213-T23
1.4 Main technology performance of the boiler

1.4.1 Main Parameters of Rated Condition and BMCR Condition:
Item Unit BMCR TMCR
Superheated Steam Flow t/h 1015 913.6
Superheater Outlet Steam Pressure MPa(g) 17.47 17.30
Superheater Outlet Steam
℃ 541 541
Temperature
Reheat Steam Flow t/h 840.7 761.9
Reheater Inlet Steam Pressure MPa(g) 3.72 3.37
Reheater Outlet Steam Pressure MPa(g) 3.52 3.19
Reheater Inlet Steam Temperature ℃ 322.9 312.8
Reheater Outlet Steam
℃ 541 541
Temperature
Economizer Inlet Feedwater
℃ 279 273
Temperature
1.4.2 Water Volume of Every Part of the Boiler
Water Circulation
190 m3 (50mbelongs to the drum)
System Volume
Superheater System
220m3
Volume
Economizer System
50m3
Volume
Reheater System
90m3
Volume
Total Volume 550m3
1.4.3 Design Parameters of the Burner
1.4.3.1 Characteristics of Design Coal and Check Coal ( on dry basis)
Item Unit Design Coal Check Coal
Gross Calorific Value as
Kcal/kg 6300 5000
Received Basis
Proximate Analysis
Total Moisture Content % 11.04 15.01
as Received Basis Mar
10
Volatile Content as
% 23.02 20.09
Received Basis Var
Ash Content as Received
% 11.12 23.31
basis Aar
Fixed Carbon Content as
% 54.82 41.59
Received basis FC
Carbon Content as
% 64.64 49.19
Received Basis Car
Hydrogen Content as
% 4.75 4.24
Received Basis Har
Oxygen Content as
% 5.94 6.4
Received Basis Oar
Nitrogen Content as
% 2.24 1.39
Received Basis Nar
Sulfur Content as
% 0.30 0.46
Received Basis Sar
Hardgrove Grindability
53 45
Index (HGI)
Ash Deformation
℃ 1180
Temperature DT
Ash Softening
℃ 1240 <1400
Temperature ST
Ash Fusion Temperature
℃ 1290 <1400
FT
1.4.3.2 Ignition oil and Combustion-supporting Oil
Ignition Oil
Sequence
Item Unit Number
Number
Light Diesel Oil
1 Ignition Oil Type (Indian Standard IS
1460-197)
Relative
2 Kg/m3 920
Density（15℃）
Kinematic
3 cst 2.5/15.7
Viscosity（40℃）
4 Ash Content % 0.02
5 Sulfur Content % 1.8
Freezing Point（℃
6 ℃ 12(Winter)
MAX）
Freezing Point（℃
7 ℃ 21(Summer)
MAX）
11
Flash Point（℃
8 ℃ 66
MAX）
Gross Calorific Kcal/k
9 9950
Value(On Average) g
Combustion-supporting Oil
Sequence Heavy Oil （HFO-IS-
Item Unit
Number 1593-71）
（MAX）
Percentage of
1 Moisture % 1.0
Content Volume
(MAX)
（MAX）
Kinematic
2 cst 180
Viscosity
(MAX)
（MAX）
Ash Weight
3 % 0.1
Percentage
(MAX)
Sulfur Content
4 % 4.0
(MAX)
Freezing
5 ℃ 21
Point（MAX）
Precipitate
Weight
6 % 0.25
Percentage
（MAX）
Flash Point
7 ℃ 66
（MIN）
Gross Calorific Kcal/k
8 10000
Value g
Asphalt Weight
9 Percentage % 2.5
（MAX）
Acidity
10 Nil
(Mineral)
1.4.3.3 Main Design Parameters of the Burner When Design Coal Is
Combusting and the Boiler is in BMCR condition.
Sequence
Item Unit Design Value
Number
1 Input Heat of Single KJ/h 184.6x106
12
Pulverized Coal Jet

Secondary Air
2 m/s 46.5
Velocity
Secondary Air
3 ℃ 312
Temperature
4 Secondary Air Rate % 74.4
Fuel Air Ratio in the
5 % 24
Secondary Air
Auxiliary Air Ratio
6 % 76
in the Secondary Air
Primary Air Velocity m/s 25

(at the Jet )
7 Primary Air Velocity
(in the Pulverized m/s 25
Coal Pipe)
Primary Air
8 ℃ 77
Temperature
9 Primary Air Rate % 21.6
Burner Primary Air
10 Kpa 0.5
Resistance
Burner Secondary
11 Kpa 1
Air Resistance
Distance between
Two Adjacent
12 mm 1530/1520
Pulverized Coal Jets
Center
1.4.4 Standard of Boiler Water and Steam Quality

To ensure qualified steam, boiler feedwater and boiler water must be
strictly controlled according to the following quality standards.
1.4.4.1 Standards of Boiler Feedwater Quality
Boiler feedwater standard carries out Quality Criterion of Water and
Steam For Generating Unit and Steam Power Equipment (GB/T12145-1999).
The quality of the feedwater provided by your country should be higher than
this standard.
Sequence Item Unit Value
Number
1 Total Hardness μmol/ ～0
L
2 Conductivity μS/cm ≤0.30
13
3 Oxygen mg/ L ≤0.007

4 Iron mg/ L ≤0.02
5 Copper mg/ L ≤0.005
6 Hydrazine mg/ L 0.01～
0.05
7 pH value 9.0～
9.5
8 Oil mg/ L ＜0.3
9 Normal Continuous ≤0.5%
Blowdown Rate of the
Boiler (BMCR)
1.4.4.2 Standard of Boiler Water Quality
Sequenc
e Item Unit Value
Number
Phosphorus Acid
1 mg/ L 0.3～0.5
Radical
2 Silica mg/ L ≤0.25
3 Chlorin Ion mg/ L ≤1.0
4 Salt Concentration mg/ L ≤20
5 PH Value 9.0～9.5
1.4.4.3 Standard of Boiler Steam Quality( including Saturated Steam,
Superheated Steam and Reheated Steam )
Sequenc
Valu
e Item Unit
e
Number
1 Silicon Dioxide μg/kg ≤20
2 Natrium μg/kg ≤10
3 Iron μg/kg ≤20
4 Copper μg/kg ≤5
5 Electrical Conductivity μS/cm ≤0.2
1.4.5 Water Level of the Drum
Limited Values of Water level control protection are as follows.
Sequenc
e Item Limited Value
Number
50mm beneath the Geometric
1 Normal Water Level
Center Line of the Drum
2 Normal Water Maximu Normal Water Level +50mm
Level Range m
14
Sequenc
e Item Limited Value
Number
Minimu
Normal Water Level -50mm
m
3 Water Level High Alarm Normal Water Level +125mm
4 Water Level Low Alarm Normal Water Level -200mm
5 Water Level High Trip Normal Water Level +250mm
6 Water Level Low Trip Normal Water Level -350mm
2. Auxiliary Equipment Specifications
2.1 Primary Air Fan (PA fan)
2.1.1 Technical Data of PA Fan
Sequenc Item Unit Value
e
Number
1 Model 2118AZ/1000
1 Air Flow m3/s 73.54
2 Total Pressure Head Pa 15934
3 Medium Density Kg/ m3 1.158
4 Inlet Temperature ℃ 35
5 Rotating Speed r/min 1435
6 Shaft Power KW 1365.6
2.1.2 Technical Data of the Motor
e
Number
1 Model YKK630-4
2 Type Squirrel-cage
Asynchronous Motor
3 Rated Power kW 1600
4 Rated Frequency HZ 50
5 Rated Voltage V 6600
6 Rated Current A 160.2
7 Rated Rotating Speed rpm 1489
8 Insulation Level F
2.1.3 Technical Data of Hydraulic Coupling Machine
e
Number
1 Model 866 SVTL 22 - 12.8
2 Required Power for KW 1440
15
driving
3 Motor Rotating Speed rpm 1489
4 Minimum % 2.1
Slip(Approximate)
5 Maximum Output Speed rpm 1448
6 Regulating Range % 25%～100%
7 Oil Infusion Quantity of L 400
the Oil Tank
(Approximate)
8 Oil Viscosity Requirement ISO VG32
9 Scoop Actuating SAR 6 epac
Mechanism
（Auma）Type
2.2 Forced Draft Fan(FD fan)
2.2.1 Technical Data of the FD Fan
Sequenc Item Value
e
Number
1 Model ASN2070/900
2 Type Axial Flow Fan with Adjustable Moving Blades
3 Condition T.B BMCR 60%BMCR Unit
4 Flow 147.9 113.8 148.8 m3/s
5 Inlet Medium 35 35 35 ℃
Temperature
6 Inlet Medium 1.108 1.108 1.108 kg/ m3
Density
7 Total Pressure 4133 3179 3977 Pa
8 Efficiency 83 85 83 %
9 Shaft Power 739 428 715 kw
10 Rotating Speed 1490 r/min
2.2.2 Technical Data of the Motor
e
Number
1 Model YKK500-4
Asynchronous
Motor
16

2.2.3 Technical Data of Hydraulic Lubrication Station
Sequenc
e Item Unit Value
Number
1 Nominal Flow L/MIN 10
Maximum Nominal
2 Mpa 10
Pressure
Regulating Range of
3 Mpa 0.8-8
Pressure
Nominal Filtration
4 mm 0.025
Accuracy
5 Oil Tank Volume L 500
6 Oil Infusion Quantity L 400
7 Consumed Power KW 4.4
Power-supplying
8 HZ 50
Frequency
Power-supplying
9 V 415
Voltage
10 Motor Model Y112M-6/B5
11 Motor Power KW 2.2
12 Motor Current A 5.1
14 Cooling Water Pressure Mpa 0.3—0.5
Cooling Water
15 L/min 35
Consumption
2.3 Induced Draft Fan (ID fan)
2.3.1 Technical Data of the ID Fan
Sequenc Item Value
e
Number
1 Model YC36665
2 Type Hydraulic Coincidentor Timing Centrifugal Fan
3 60%BMC Unit
Condition TB BMCR R
4 Design Design Design
Coal Type Coal Coal Coal
5 Condition
Volume Flow 322.4 248 317.8 m3/s
6 Inlet
Temperature 131.53 131.53 125.84 ℃
17
7 Inlet Density 0.8397 0.8397 0.8051 kg/m3

8 Total Pressure 4860 3738.2 4607 Pa
9 Selection
pointefficiency 83.1 85.2 82.9 %
10 Shaft Power 1852.3 1073.3 1736.7 kW
11 Working
Rotating speed 692 580 675 r/min
2.3.2 Technical Data of Motor
e
Number
1 Model YKK800-8
Asynchronous Motor
6 Rated Current A 236
2.3.3 Technical Data of Hydraulic Coupling
e
Number
1 Type 1330 SVNL 21-50
G
2 Motor Rotating speed rpm 738
3 Required Power for kW 2016
Driving
4 Maximum Output rpm 720
Rotating Speed
5 Oil Infusion Volume of L 1500
the Oil Tank
2.3.4 Technical Data of Built-in Pole-type Pump of the Hydraulic Coupler
Sequ Item Unit Value
ence
Num
ber
1 Model Centrifugal Pump
2 Driving Method Linking to the Inboard
Bearing of HD-CPLR
3 Function Injecting Working Oil
18
and Lubricating Oil

2.3.5 Technical Data of Auxiliary Oil Pump
Sequ Item Unit Value
ence
Num
ber
1 Type Gear Pump
2 Model TZP120
3 Motor Power kw 2.2
5 Motor voltage V 415
6 Motor Phase Number 3
7 Frequency Hz 50
2.3.6 Technical Data of Scoop Collecting Unit (AUMA)
Sequ
ence
Item Unit Value
Num
ber
1 Model GF100.2 / SAR 12
linking to the Inboard
2 Driving Method
Bearing of HD-CPLR
3 Motor voltage V 415 AC
4 Motor Phase Number 3
5 Frequency Hz 50
2.4 Medium -Speed Pulverizer
2.4.1 Technical Data of Pulverizer
Sequ
ence
Item Unit Value
Num
ber
1 Model HP863
Output
Maximum Output(Pulverizing
t/h 43.1
Output)
Guaranteed output ( Abrasion
t/h 38.79
2 Considered)
Calculated output t/h 28.25
Minimum Output t/h 10.78
Output Factor % 65.5
Shaft Power (BMCR condition) Kw 250
3 Draft Flow
Maximum Air Flow t/h 72.1
19
Calculated Draft Flow t/h 62.2

Draft Flow under Guaranteed
t/h 69.2
Output
Minimum Draft Flow t/h 50.48
Inlet Drying Medium
4 ℃ 214
Temperature(Calculated output)
5 Outlet Temperature ℃ 80
6 Pulverized Coal Moisture % 2.4
7 Rotating Speed r/min 38.7
Ventilation Resistance (Including
categorizing machine, pulverized
coal distribution box)
8 Maximum Resistance kPa 4.5
Ventilation
KPa 4.1
Resistance（Guaranteed output）
Calculated Ventilation Resistance KPa 3.34
Seal Air System
Seal Air Flow m3/min 70.75
9
Seal Air Pressure (Difference with Pa 2000
Primary Air)
Specific Power Consumption
10 Specific Power Consumption under
KW.h/t 9.16
Guaranteed output
11 Specific Abrasion Rate g/t 1.8
Life Period of Main Components
12 Grinding Roll h 18000
Mill Bowl liner plate h 22000
Pyrite
Volume: Normal/Maximum Kg/h 14/21.6
13 Graininess mm ≤35
Temperature ℃ ≤235
Slag Box Capacity m3 0.8
Pulverizer Outlet Primary Air Flow
14 t/h 67.3
(Seal Air Flow Included)
3～5（Single
Flow, Temperature and Parameter
15 t/h Mill Proper
of Fire Fighting Steam
Consumption）
2.4.2 Technical Data of Motor
Seq Item Unit Value
uenc
e
Nu
20
mbe
r
1 Model YHP560-6
Squirrel-cage
2 Type
Asynchronous Motor
2.4.3 Technical Data of Deceleration Box
Seq Item Unit Value
uenc
e
Nu
mbe
r
1 Transmission Method Spiral Bevel Gear/
Planetary Gear
2 Transmission Ratio 1:25.412
2.4.4 Technical Data of Lubricating and Cooling Devices
Sequ
ence
Item Unit Value
Num
ber
1 Oil Pump Flow L/min 175
2 Motor Model MZ2QA132M4A
3 Motor Power kW 7.5
4 Motor Voltage V 415
5 Motor Current A 15.2
Normal Oil Supplying

7 MPa 0.15～0.35
Pressure
Lubricating Oil
8 ISO VG320
Designation
9 Cooling Water Flow m3/h 14.7
10 Cooling Water Pressure Mpa 0.4～0.7Mpa
11 Number of Electrical
Heaters for the Oil Tank
21
Number 6
Rated Voltage V 415AC
Rated Power Kw 1
Return Oil Pipe Electrical
Heating Area
12 Number 1
Rated Voltage V 240AC
Rated Power Kw 0.15
2.5 Seal Air fan
2.5.1 Technical Data of Seal Air fan
Seq
uenc
e
Item Unit Value
Nu
mbe
r
1 Model 9-26.11.2D-7
2 Rated Air Flow m /h
3
42221
Rated Lifting Pressure
3 Pa 6382
Head
Motor
Model Y315M-4
Rated Power kW 132
Rated Voltage V 415
Rated Current A 217
Rated Rotating Speed rpm 1450
2.6 Coal Feeder
2.6.1 Technical Data of Coal Feeders
Seq
uenc
e
Item Unit Value
Nu
mbe
r
1 Model CS2024HP
Output Regulation
2 t/h 4～40
Range
3 Guaranteed output t/h 40
3 Coal feeding Distance mm 2135
4 Graininess mm 32
5 Controlling Accuracy ±1%
22
6 Belt Width mm 840

7 Belt Length mm 5170
Belt Motor Model BPD-3-TH
Motor Power kW 3
Motor Frequency HZ 50
Motor Current A 7
Rotating Speed of the
rpm 960
Motor
Purge Motor Model NP1-200-TH
Motor Power kW 0.37
Motor Current A 1.24
Motor Rotating Speed rpm 450
2.7 Ljungstrom Air Preheater
2.7.1 Technical Data of Ljungstrom Air Preheater
Seq
uen
ce
Item Unit Value
Nu
mbe
r
一 Heat transfer Elements
1 Hot Sect Height mm 1000
Hot Sect Interlayer
2 mm 675
Height
3 Cold Sect Height mm 305
二 Rotor Inside Diameter mm 10318
三 Actuating Device
1 Gear Box Model SGW100B
Main Motor of the
Gear Box
2 Model Y180M-4B3
Rated Power KW 18.5
Rated Rotating Speed r/min 1470
Auxiliary Motor of the
Gear Box
Model Y160L-8B3
3
Rated Power (Double
KW 7.5
Output Axes)
Rated Rotating Speed r/min 720
4 Air Motor
23
Model 48RA022
Rated Power Hp 3.1
Rated Flow r/m3 2.69
Air Pressure Pa 6.2x105
5 Transmission Ratio 128.3
Output Axis Rotating
Speed
Main Transmission
6 r/min 11.46
(Main Motor)
Auxiliary Transmission
r/min 5.61
(Auxiliary Motor)
7 Rated Output Torsion N.m 12500
四 Guide Bearing
Model 3153172
五 Bracing Bearing
Model 90394/710
六 Oil Circulation System
Guide Bearing/Bracing
Bearing Watery Oil
1
Station
Model OCS-D2B
Motor
Motor Model Y802-4b3
2
Motor Power kW 2x0.75
Motor Rotating Speed r/min 1390
Screw Pump
Model 3GR 25X4
3
Rated Flow m3/h 0.8
Rated Oil Pressure MPa 1.0
Oil Gauze Strainer
4
Model SPL25F-2
Multi-tube Oil Cooler
5
Model GLCI-0.8
Retractable Soot
七
Blowers
1 Model PS-AT
2.8 Flame Detection Cooling Air Fans
2.8.1 Technical Data of Flame Detection
Seq Item Unit Value
uenc
e
Nu
24
mbe
r
1 Model FAU810
2 Number of Channels 2 per module
V 0～5 DC
3 Flame Detection Input
mA 4～20
Safety
±15 DC
Flame
Flame Detection Power
4 V IFM
Supply
flame + 24 DC
stick
5 Delay Time of Relief S 0.1～2.5
6 Delay Time of Action S 0～5
250 VDC, 3A, 750
Rated Value of Relay VA
7
Contact 220 VDC, 300 mA,
66 Watts
8 Self-checking Period S Once Every 0.1 Sec.
Surrounding 0 60,95%
9 ℃
Temperature Incondensable Air
Size of Cabinet
10 Cm 13×12×11
(H×L×W)
11 Input Voltage V 21.6～31.2DC
Minim
4
um
Maxi
12 Required Power W 10
mum
Typica
6
l
2.8.2 Technical Data of Flame Detection Cooling Air Fans
Seq
uenc
e
Item Unit Value
Nu
mbe
r
1 Model VC710 N/2
2 Rated Flow m3/h 1500
3 Rated Pressure Head Pa 9480
4 Weight KG 500
5 A.C.motor
Model QA-132S2B
25
Motor Power KW 7.5

Motor Voltage V 415
Motor Rotating Speed Rpm 2920
D.C motor
Model Z2-42
Motor Power KW 7.5
6
Motor Voltage V 220DC
Motor Rotating Speed rpm 3000
2.9 Fuel Oil Pump House Equipment
2.9.1Technical Data of Light Oil Supply Pump
Sequ
ence
Item Unit Value
Num
ber
1 Model HXK300-S2
2 Transporting Medium NO.0 Diesel Oil
3 Rated Flow m3/h 10
4 Rated Pumping Head m 460
5 Rated Efficiency % 45
Motor
Model YB200L1-2WTH
Rated Power kW 30
Rated Frequency HZ 50
Rated Current A 52.1
2.9.2 Technical Data of Light Oil Pump Inlet Strainer
Seq
uenc
e
Item Unit Value
Nu
mbe
r
1 Model LY-65
Light Oil Pump Inlet
2 Function
Filter
New type high
3 Type efficiency /Bucket
type/Manual mode
26
4 Transporting Medium NO.0 Light Diesel Oil

5 Medium Temperature ℃ 50
Number of Strainer
6 Mesh 60
Meshes
7 Design Pressure Mpa 0.3
Permissive Pressure
8 Mpa 0.098
Difference
Duct Connection
9 mmxmm Φ76x4
Diameter
10 Purge Method % 250℃Steam Purge
2.9.3 Technical Data of Light Oil Tank
Sequence
Item Unit Value
Number
1 Capacity m3 310
2 Number 个 1
2.9.4 Technical Data of Heavy Oil Supply Pump
Sequ
ence
Item Unit Value
Num
ber
SMH660R46E6.7W2
1 Model
3
2 Transporting Medium Heavy Oil
3 Medium Temperature 70
4 Design Flow m3/h 30
5 Design Pressure Mpa 3
Required Cavitation
6 m 5.7
Redundancy
7 Maximum Shaft Power kW 47
8 Rated Efficiency % 83
Motor
Model YB250-4B3
Rated Power kW 55
Rated Frequency HZ 50
Rated Current A 94.1
2.9.5 Technical Data of Heavy Oil Pump Strainer
Seq Item Unit Value
uenc
e
27
Nu
mbe
r
Heavy Oil Pump Inlet
1 Function
Filter
2 Model 125FWF2-40/1.6-B
New type / Bucket /
3 Type
Manual mode
4 Transporting Medium Heavy Oil
5 Medium Temperature ℃ 70
Number of Strainer
6 Mesh 40
Meshes
7 Design Pressure Mpa 0.3
Permissive Pressure
8 Kg/cm2 0.1
Difference
Duct Connection
9 mmxmm Φ108x4.5
Diameter
10 Purge Method % 250℃Steam Purge
2.9.6 Technical Data of Heavy Oil Tank
Sequence
Item Unit Value
Number
1 Capacity m3 1250
2 Number 个 1
2.10 Fuel Oil Guns
2.10.1 Technical Data of the Light Oil Gun
Sequ
ence
Item Unit Value
Num
ber
1 Model XRZ-22RX-300
Retractable
2 Type Mechanical
Atomization Oil Gun
Igniting and Warming
3 Function
Up the boiler
4 Compressed Air Pressure MPa 0.4～0.8
5 Impelling Journey mm 300
Advanc
Action Time of the ≈3
6 s e
Impeller
Retreat ≈3
7 Thrust N Advanc 2215/510
e
28
Retreat 2460/608
Surrounding
8 ℃ ≤80℃
Temperature
9 Power Supply Voltage V 220 AC
10 Rated Oil Pressure MPa 3.0
11 Rated Output Kg/h 1750
Total Output of 4 Oil
12 10%BMCR
Guns
13 Igniter Energy Storage J 20
14 Purging Air Pressure MPa 0.7～1.2
Maximum Flow( Every
15 t/h 7
Boiler)
2.10.2 Technical Data of Heavy Oil Gun
Sequ
ence
Item Unit Value
Num
ber
1 Model XRZ-22RX-300
Retractable Steam
2 Type
Atomization Oil Gun
Igniting and Warming
3 Function
Up the Boiler
Compressed Air
4 MPa 0.4～0.8
Pressure
5 Impelling Journey mm 300
Advance ≈3
Action Time of the
6 s
Impeller Retreat ≈3
Advance
2215/510
7 Thrust N Advance
Retreat 2460/608
Surrounding
8 ℃ ≤80℃
Temperature
9 Power Supply Voltage V 220 AC
10 Rated Oil Pressure MPa 1.2
11 Atomizing Medium 蒸汽 Steam
Atomized Steam
12 ℃ 210～250
Temperature
Atomized Steam
13 MPa 0.7～1.2
Pressure
15 Rated Output Kg/h 1750
16 Fuel Oil Viscosity °E ≤4
29
Total Output of 12 Oil

17 30％BMCR
Guns
Maximum Flow (of
18 t/h 21
Every Boiler)
Oil Pressure in the Fuel
19 MPa 1.8
Oil Main Inlet
2.11 Soot Blowers
2.11.1 Technical Data of V04 Furnace Soot Blower
Sequ
ence
Item Unit Value
Num
ber
1 Model V04
2 Number Set 72
3 Journey mm 255
4 Traveling Speed mm/min 510
5 Operating Time min 1.17～2
6 Purging Time s 10～60
7 Purging Angle ° 30～360
8 Number of Nozzles 2
9 Effective Purging Radius m 3.5
Recommended Purge
10 MPa 0.8～1.5
Pressure
Maximum Temperature
11 ℃ 350
of the Medium
12 Steam Consumption Kg/min 60～110
13 Purge Medium Steam
M2QA71M4A-
14 Motor Model
J4（ABB）
2.11.2 Technical Data of Retractable PS－SL Soot Blower
Se
qu
en
ce
Item Unit Value
Nu
m
be
r
1 Model PS-SL
2 Journey mm 7050
30
Rotating Speed
3 of the r/min 24
Blowpipe
Traveling
4 m/min 1.44
Speed
5 Operation Time s 50～760
6 Purging Time s 45～745
Number of
8 2
Nozzles
Effective
9 m 0.5～4.5
Purging Radius
Recommended
10 Purging MPa 1.0～1.5
Pressure
Maximum
11 Temperature of ℃ ≤350
the Medium
Steam
12 Kg/min 30～150
Consumption
Purging
13 Steam
Medium
Throat φ22.5 （R7-
14 mm φ27(R1-R6,L1-L6)
Diameter R22,L7-L22)
15 Motor Model M2QA80M4B-J4(ABB)
Motor Rotating
17 r/min 1420
Speed
2.11.3 Technical Data for PS－AT Type Soot Blower of the Air Preheater
Sequ
ence
Item Unit Value
Num
ber
1 Model PS-AT
2 Journey 959
100(First
3 Stepping Distance mm 50(Rest)
Step)
4 Stepping Times Time 18
5 Runtime s 1240
6 Purging Time s 60
31
8 Number of Nozzles 4
Effective Purging
9 m
Radius
Recommended Purging
10 MPa 1.0～1.5
Pressure
Maximum Temperature
11 ℃ ≤350
of the Medium
12 Steam Consumption Kg/min
13 Purging Medium Steam
M2QA80M4A-
14 Motor Model
J4(ABB)
Rotating Speed of the
16 r/min 1420
Motor
18 Stepping Distance mm 18
2.12 Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)
(Unless specially noted, the following data are designed for single ESP
according to check coal.)
Seq
uen
ce
Item Unit Value
Nu
mb
er
1 ESP Model FAA6x3.75M-2x96-150
Processed Flue Gas Flow 946017 Design Coal
2 m3/h
(Single) 967385 Check Coal
99.78 Electric Fields are all
3 ESP Efficiency % put in service
99.69(n-1Operation)
4 ESP Proper Resistance Pa ≤245
5 ESP Proper Leakage Factor % ≤2
6 Noise dB ≤85
7 Effective Section Area m 2
288
8 Number of ESP Channels 个 48
Number of Rooms/Number of
9 2/6
Electric Fields
Effective Length of Single
10 m 3.75
Electric Field
Total Effective Length of
11 m 22.5
Electric Fields
32
12 Driving Speed cm/s 3.8

13 Flow Velocity of Flue Gas m/s 0.933
14 Flue Gas Staying Time S 24.1
Length-Height Ratio of the
15 >1.5
ESP
Positive pressure 6.6/
16 Design Pressure of the Shell KPa
Negative pressure 6.6
17 Shell Material Q235
18 Ash Hopper
Number of Ash Hoppers in
个 24
Every ESP
Heating Method of Ash
Electrical Heating
Hopper
Type of the ash level gauge Frequency Admittance
19 Rectiformer
Number Set 12
Type and Weight of the
/t Oil-immersed Type/1.5
Rectiformer
Rated Capacity of Every
KVA 72(Output)
Rectiformer
Applicable Altitude and
Environment Temperature for m、℃ 1000，〈45℃
the Rectiformer
Total Electric Load of Every
20 KVA 2984
Boiler
Total Power Consumption of
21 KW 1388
Every Boiler
22 Shape Size m×m×m 43.70×20.40×33.20
23 Anodal System
Model and Material GS-750,SPCC
Homopolar Distance mm 400
m×mm×
Plate Size (H×L×W)) 15×750×1.5
mm
Number of Single Anodal
Piece 250
Plates
Total Effective Area of Anodal
43200 (Based on 300
Plates(not including the outlet m2
spacing, equivalent value)
trough plates)
Rapping Mode/Minimum Profile Rapping by Flexible
Rapping Acceleration Arm Hammer/100g
Number of Rapping Devices Set 12
24 Cathode System
Type and Material of Cathode Stainless steel spire and
33
Line tubular burry line , Q235

Cathode Line Spacing Along
mm 225(280)
Air Flowing Direction
Total Length of Cathode Lines mm 76800
Rapping Method/Minimum Top Rapping by Flexible
Rapping Acceleration Arm Hammer/150g
Number of Rapping Devices Set 12
2.13 Pyrite System Devices
2.13.1 Main Technical Data of MS Type Scraper Conveyer
Sequence
Item Unit Value
Number
1 Model MS25
Breadth of the
2 mm 250
Trough B
Height of the
3 mm 250
trough H
Transporting
4 m 6.95
Length L
Transporting
5 t/h 5
Quantity Q
6 Motor Power Kw 2.2
7 Number Set 6
2.13.2 Technical Data of SFZ Type Enclosed Vibrating Conveyer

Seque
nce
Item Unit Value
Numb
er
1 Model SFZ-315
2 Trough Breadth B mm 315
#1 29
3 Transporting Length L m #2 27.910
#3 4.197
Transporting Quantity
4 t/h 5-25
(Level) Q
5 Transporting Velocity V m/s 0.27
6 Trough Swing S mm 4-8
7 Frequency F Hz 16
Harmonic Oscillation
8 。 30
Angle β
9 Material Graininess D mm ≤100
10 Motor Power Kw #1 2x2.2
34
#2 2x2.2
#3 2x0.75
2.13.3Main Technical Data of NE Type Elevator

Seque
nce
Item Unit Value
Numb
er
1 Model NE50
2 Elevating Quantity m3/h 60
Material Trough
3 mm 300
Breadth B
4 Elevating Height H m 15.467
5 Motor Power Kw 11
2.13.4 Main Technical Data of Precipitator
Sequ
ence
Item Unit Value
Num
ber
Pulse Reverse
1 Model
Blowing Type
2 Filtrating Area m2 12
3 Filter Bag
Bag Φ mm 125
Bag Length mm 1600
Number 16
Pulse Appliance Input
4 V 240
Voltage
Pulse Appliance
5 V 24
Output Voltage
6 Service Temperature ℃ ≤100
7 Pressure Endurance Pa ≤3000
8 Fan Model 6-30-4A
Fan Rotating Speed r/min 2900
9 Motor Model Y100L-2
Motor Power Kw 3
Motor Voltage V 415
Compressed Air
10 MPa 0.4-0.6
Pressure
Air Consumption m3/min 0.3
2.13.5 Technical Data of Pyrite Bunker
Seque Item Unit Value
35
nce
Numb
er
1 V Volume m3 50
2 Diameter Φ m 4
3 Brief Introduction of the Boiler Main Control System (Furnace Safeguard
Supervision System (FSSS))
3.1 Preface
FSSS Controlling System is an important sub-function of the unit
distributed control system (DCS). Its main task is to accomplish the boiler
ignition control, control and management of oil and coal burners, sequence
control of the pulverizing system startup and shutdown. Correctly and reliably
putting FSSS into operation is an important guarantee concerning the boiler’s
safe and economical operation.
Operation without special explanation should be operated manually by the
operator according to specific conditions. Protection action signals are all long
signal, reset signals are all short signal.
Taking equipment A for example, the following gives description of logic
and startup steps. Different conditions of the same equipment are listed
specially. The permissive condition is that all conditions are “and” (that is, all
the conditions are met), the tripping condition is that all conditions are
“or”(that is, any of the conditions is met.).
3.2 Action Conditions of Boiler Main Fuel Tripping (MFT)
When any of the following conditions is met, boiler MFT acts.
3.2.1 Emergency shutdown instruction from the operator (Manually trip 1 ,or,
manually trip 2)
3.2.2 Two forced draft fans both stop.
3.2.3 Two induced draft fans both stop.
3.2.4 Flame-detection cooling air is lost (the pressure is at low Ⅲ value, select
2 out of 3, or all flame-detection fans stop), with a 20 seconds delay.
3.2.5 All furnace flames are lost (divide the sum of operating coal and oil flame
signals by the sum of operating coal burners and oil flame signal, the quotient
is under 0.26), pulse for 5 seconds.
3.2.6 All fuels are lost (the light oil fuel and heavy oil fuel are lost, all
pulverizers are shut down), pulse for 5 seconds.
3.2.7 Furnace pressure is at low Ⅱvalue (select 2 out of 3)
36
3.2.8 Furnace pressure is at high Ⅱvalue (select 2 out of 3)

3.2.9 Drum water level is at high Ⅲ value (Select 2 out of 3), delay for 2
seconds.
3.2.10 Drum water level is at low Ⅲ value ,( Select 2 out of 3), delay for 2
seconds.
3.2.11 Total air flow is less than 25% (low air flow shutdown signal, Select 2
out of 3), delay for 5 seconds.
3.2.12 Turbine trips, reheater protection is lost (all the following conditions are
met):
3.2.12.1 More than 8 oil guns are put into operation or any of the pulverizers is
in operation.
3.2.12.2The pressure regulating valves of HP bypass are fully closed.
3.2.12.3The pressure regulating valves of LP bypass are fully closed.
3.2.12.4 Turbine trips.
3.3 Action Conditions of Boiler LOFT and HOFT
3.3.1 LOFT acts if any of the following conditions is met.
3.3.1.1 MFT
3.3.1.2 Main entering valve of light oil is closed (the oil valves in light oil layer
are not fully closed and the light oil fast valves are fully closed);
3.3.1.3 Light oil entering pressure is low (the oil valves in light oil layer are
not fully closed and light oil entering pressure is low Ⅱ value with a 5-second
delay, or, the light oil fast valves are fully open with a 10-second delay and
light oil entering pressure is at lowⅡvalue with a 5-second delay. )
3.3.1.4 No light oil flame signal (oil layers are in operation and there is no
flame signal);
3.3.1.5 Any light oil valve fails.
3.3.2 When any of the following conditions is met, HOFT acts.
3.3.2.1 MFT
3.3.2.2 Heavy oil main entering valve is closed (any of the heavy oil valves is
open and the heavy oil fast valves are fully closed);
3.3.2.3 Heavy oil entering pressure is low (any of the heavy oil valves is open
and heavy oil entering pressure ， temperature, atomized air pressure are at
lowⅡ value with a 5-second delay. Or, heavy oil fast valves are fully open with
a 10-second delay and heavy oil entering pressure ，temperature, atomized air
pressure are at lowⅡvalue with a 5-second delay);
37
3.3.2.4 No heavy oil flame signal (any of the heavy oil layers is in operation
and there is no flame signal in all oil layers);
3.3.2.5 Any heavy oil valve fails (any oil valve in any heavy oil layer fails).
3.4 Equipments of Boiler MFT、LOFT、HOFT Interlock Trip
3.4.1 MFT trip relay acts;
3.4.2 Trip all the oil groups, close all the oil valves and retreat the igniting gun;
3.4.3 Close the fast valves of both the light oil and heavy oil;
3.4.4 Close the return oil valves of both the light oil and heavy oil;
3.4.5 Shut down the coal group (Interlock trip the following devices)
3.4.5.1Shut down the pulverizer;
3.4.5.2 Close the shutoff valve in the pulverizer outlet;
3.4.5.3 Close the cold air valve in the pulverizer inlet ;
3.4.5.4 Shut down the coal feeders;
3.4.6 Keep the secondary air baffle opening at the original 60S (TO CCS);
3.4.7 When MFT acts and the furnace pressure is as low as -1400Pa, trip the
induced air fan.
3.4.8 Close stop valves and regulating valves of the first stage and second stage
attemperating water and emergency spraying water
3.4.9Shut down the primary air fan;
3.4.10 Switch the forced draft fan (FDF) baffles from automatic operation to
manual operation.
3.4.11 When MFT acts and furnace pressure is as high as 1400Pa, trip the FD
fan.
3.5 Furnace Purge and Fuel Oil Leakage Test
3.5.1 Conditions of furnace purge (all the following conditions should be met):
3.5.1.1 No action condition of MFT; (not including “all furnace flames are
lost”, “all fuel is lost ” and “Turbine trips”)
3.5.1.2 Total air flow in the furnace is more than 30%.
3.5.1.3 At least one FD fan is in operation.
3.5.1.4 At least one ID fan is in operation
3.5.1.5 All the primary air fans are shut down.
3.5.1.6 Two air preheaters are put into operation
3.5.1.7 All pulverizers are shut down.
3.5.1.8 All the pulverized coal shutoff valves in the pulverizer outlet are fully
closed.
3.5.1.9 Light oil leakage test is finished or bypassed.
3.5.1.10 Heavy oil leakage test is finished or bypassed;
3.5.1.11The oil valves in light oil layers are fully closed.
38
3.5.1.12The light oil fast valves are fully closed;

3.5.1.13All the oil valves in heavy oil layers are fully closed
3.5.1.14The heavy oil fast valves are fully closed.
3.5.1.15 No flame signal in the furnace.
3.5.1.16 Drum water level is normal ( -200mm~+200mm).
3.5.1.17The furnace pressure is normal (-200Pa~+200Pa).
3.5.1.18 Flame detection cooling air system is normal.
3.5.1.19 Auxiliary air valve is in purge position
3.5.1.20 Burnt-out air valve is closed;
3.5.2 Conditions of fuel oil leakage test
3.5.2.1 No action conditions of MFT and OFT.
3.5.2.2 All the oil valves are fully closed.
3.5.2.3 Oil entering pressure is normal.
3.5.3 Fuel oil main leakage test.
3.5.3.1Open the oil fast valves, oil regulating valves, close the return oil valves,
fill the main with oil and the oil pressure in the main should reach 2.5MPa
within 60S. The first step is finished. It fails if the pressure is lower than that.
3.5.3.2 On the basis of 3.5.3.1, close the oil fast valves. If the oil pressure in the
main decreases by less than 0.1 MPa within 60S, open the return oil valve. Oil
main test is finished.
3.5.4 Oil valve leakage test
Conditions: all the conditions of fuel oil leakage test are met.
3.5.4.1 Close the oil fast valve, after the return oil valve is open for 20S, if the
main pressure is not higher than 0.5MPa, the first step is finished. The test fails
if the pressure increases.
3.5.4.2 Close the return oil valve, after the oil pressure is monitored for 90S, if
the main pressure doesn’t increase, then open the return oil valve. The oil valve
leakage test is finished. The test fails if the pressure increases.
3.5.5 Fuel oil leakage test must be carried out before the boiler ignition.
3.6 Permissive conditions of oil layer ignition
3.6.1 Permissive conditions of ignition in light oil layer BC (all the following
conditions should be met).
3.6.1.2 MFT and OFT are reset
3.6.1.3 Fuel oil leakage test is finished.
3.6.1.4 Light oil system is normal;
3.6.1.6 Total air flow is between 25% and 40%.
3.6.1 Permissive conditions of ignition in heavy oil layer AB, CD, and EF.
(All the following conditions should be met.)
3.6.2.2 MFT and OFT are reset.
3.6.2.3 Fuel oil leakage test is finished.
39
3.6.2.4 Heavy oil system is normal.

3.6.2.6 Conditions of putting oil layer AB and CD into operation: any of the
pulverizers is in operation, or the load is more than 40%, or oil layer BC is in
operation.
3.6.2.7 Conditions of putting oil layer EF into operation: any of the pulverizers
is in operation, or the load is more than 40%, or oil layer BC is in operation and
total flame signals of putting both Layer AB and CD in operation are more than
3.
3.7 Oil Groups
3.7.1 Light Oil Group
3.7.1.1 Logic of light oil fast valve
Interlock open: Empty
Interlock close: Light oil entering pressure is low low and pulses for 2
seconds, or, MFT pulses for 2 seconds, or, LOFT pulses for 2 seconds.
Permitted to open: light oil leakage test is underway, or, the oil valves in
Layer BC are fully closed and light oil entering pressure is normal.
Permitted to close: Empty.
3.7.1.2Logic of Light Oil Return Valve
Interlock open: the light oil fast valves are fully open and light oil leakage
test is not underway, pulses for 2 seconds.
Interlock close: light oil entering pressure is low low and pulses for 2
seconds, or, MFT pulses for 2 seconds, or, LOFT pulses for 2 seconds.
Permitted to open: Empty
Permitted to close: Empty
3.7.1.2Relevant Devices of Light Oil (take corner #1 for example)
(1) Oil Guns
Interlock Startup: RNBK starts up corner #1(interlock) in Layer BC, and
pulses for 5 seconds.
Interlock Shutdown: (oil layers interlock shut down corner #1, and, oil
valves are fully closed with a 5-second delay, and, the purge valves are fully
closed ), or, (when the oil guns are advanced to the right positions with a 60s
delay, and, the oil valves are fully closed with a 60s delay, and, the purge
valves are fully closed with a 3s delay.)
Permitted to start up: when oil Layer BC is permitted to start up.
Permitted to shut down: the oil valves are fully closed, and, the purge
valves are fully closed.
(2) Ignition Oil Guns
Interlock Startup: the purge valves are fully open, pulse for 5 seconds
Interlock Shutdown: LOFT, or, when the ignition gun is advanced to the
right position with a 30-seconds delay.
Permitted to start up: the oil valves are fully closed, and, the purge valves
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are fully closed, and, oil guns are advanced to the right position, and, delay for
10 seconds when the ignition gun is retreated to the right position.
Permitted to shut down: Empty.
CMDOPEN (Startup Instruction): Ignition guns are advanced to the right
position, and, (delay for 30 seconds when the ignition guns are advanced to the
right position) Choose not.
Remarks: The ignition gun will retreat automatically in 30 seconds, start
up the logic of startup instruction in order to protect the ignition gun (it is not
permitted to be advanced again within 30 seconds).
(3)Oil Valves
Interlock open: RNBK starts corner #1(interlock) in Layer BC, and, the oil
gun is advanced to the right position, pulses for 5 seconds.
Interlock close: Stop corner #1(interlock) in Layer BC, or, MFT.
Permitted to open: the oil guns are advanced to the right positions, and,
the ignition gun is advanced to the right condition, and, the purge valves are
fully closed.
(4)Purge valves
Interlock open: the oil valves are fully closed and pulse for 2 seconds, and,
shut down corner #1in layer BC (interlock), and, no MFT, and, the oil guns are
advanced to the right positions.
Interlock close: the purge valves are fully open with a 60 seconds delay,
or, the oil valves are not fully closed.
the oil valves are fully closed, and, no HOFT.
3.7.1.4 Startup and shutdown sequence control of light oil group
(1) Permissive conditions of corner and layer sequence control
(a) Permissive conditions of corner sequence control ： Oil layer BC is
permitted to start up and relevant devices of light oil in single corner are in the
auto mode.
(b) Permissive conditions of layer sequence control: conditions of corner #1,
2, 3, 4 sequence control are permitted.
(2) Startup sequence control of corner and layer
(a) Sequence control of corner startup: Press the startup button, advance the oil
gun— advance the ignition gun— open the oil valve.
(b) Sequence control of layer startup: Press the startup button, then start up
corner 1, corner 3, corner 2 and corner 4 at an interval of 15 seconds.
(3) Shutdown sequence control of corner and layer
(a) Corner shutdown sequence control: press the shutdown button, close oil
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valves—advance the ignition gun—open the purge valve (purge for 5

minutes)—retreat the oil guns.
(b) Layer shutdown sequence control: press the shutdown button, shut down
corner 1, corner 3, corner 2 and corner 4 at an interval of 15 seconds.
3.7.2 Heavy oil group
3.7.2.1 Logic of heavy oil fast valves
Interlock close: heavy oil entering pressure is low low and pulses for 2
seconds, or, MFT pulses for 2 seconds, or, HOFT pulses for 2 seconds.
Permitted to open: heavy oil leakage test is underway, or, the heavy oil
valves are fully closed and heavy oil entering pressure is normal.
3.7.2.2Logic of heavy oil return valves
Interlock open: the heavy oil fast valves are fully open and heavy oil
leakage test is not underway, pulses for 2 seconds.
Interlock close: heavy oil pressure is low low and pulses for 2 seconds, or,
MFT pulses for 2 seconds, or, HOFT pulses for 2 seconds.
Permitted to open: Empty.
3.7.2.1Relevant devices of heavy oil (take corner #1 in layer AB for example)
(1) Oil gun
Interlock open: oil layer AB startup is permitted.
Interlock close: ( no MFT, and, shut down corner #1 in layer AB
(interlock), and the oil valves are fully closed with a 5 seconds delay, and, the
purge valves are fully closed, pulse for 3 seconds), or, (when the oil gun is
advanced to the right position with a 60s delay, and, the oil valves are fully
closed with a 60s delay, and, the purge valves are fully closed and pulse for
3s.))
Permitted to close: the atomization valves are fully closed, and, the oil
valves are fully closed, and, the purging valves are fully closed.
(2) Ignition gun
Interlock open：the purge valves are fully open , pulse for 5s.
Interlock close: MFT, or, when the ignition guns are advanced to the right
positions with a 30s delay.
Permitted to open: the atomization valves are fully closed, and, the oil
valves are fully closed, and, the purge valves are fully closed, and, oil guns are
advanced to the right positions, and, the ignition gun is retreated to the right
position with a 10s delay.
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CMDOPEN （ Startup Instruction: the ignition guns are advanced to the

right position, and, (when the ignition guns are advanced to the right position
with a 30s delay) Choose not.
Remarks: the ignition guns will retreat automatically in 30s and start the
logic of CMDOPEN, in order to protect the ignition guns, it is not permitted to
advance them again within 30s.
(3)Oil valves
Interlock close: the oil guns are not advanced to the right positions, or, the
atomization valves are fully closed, or, shut down corner #1 in layer AB
(interlock), or, MFT.
ignition guns are advanced to the right positions, and, the purge valves are fully
closed.
(4) Atomization valve
Interlock open: (the oil valves are fully open, and, oil guns are advanced to
the right positions.)Pulse for 2s.
Interlock close: the oil guns are retreated to the right positions.
Permitted to open: the oil guns are advanced to the right positions.
Permitted to close: the oil valves are fully closed.
(5) Purge valve
Interlock open: the oil valves are fully closed with a pulse of 2s, and, shut
down corner #1 in layer AB(interlock), and, no MFT, and, oil guns are
advanced to the right positions.
Interlock close: the oil guns are not advanced to the right positions, or, the
purge valves are fully open with a 300s delay, or, the oil valves are not fully
closed.
the oil valves are fully closed, and, no HOFT.
3.7.2.4 Startup and shutdown sequence control of heavy oil group (Take oil
layer AB for example)
(1) sequence control Permissive conditions of corner and layer.
(a) Permissive conditions of corner sequence control: Layer AB is permitted
to start up and relevant devices of single corner heavy oil are in the
automatically mode.
(b) Permissive conditions of layer sequence control: Sequence control of
Corner #1234 is permitted.
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(2) Sequence control of corner startup and layer startup

(a) Sequence control of corner startup: press the startup button, advance the
oil guns—advance the ignition gun—open the atomization valve—open the oil
valves.
(b) Sequence control of layer startup: press the startup button, and start up
corner 1, corner 3, corner 2 and corner 4 at an interval of 15s.
(3) Sequence control of corner shutdown and layer shutdown.
(a) Sequence control of corner shutdown: press the shutdown button, close
the oil valves—advance the ignition gun—open the purge valve (purge for
5min)—close the atomization valve—retreat the oil guns.
(b) Sequence control of layer shutdown: press the shutdown button, and
shut down corner 1, corner 3, corner 2 and corner 4 at an interval of 15s.
3.8 Coal Group
3.8.1 Permissive conditions of coal layer ignition
3.8.1.1Permissive conditions of ignition of coal layer A: Oil layer AB is in
operation or the load is more than 40%.
3.8.1.2 Permissive conditions of ignition of coal layer B: Oil layer AB is in
operation or pulverizer A has already been in operation, or the load is more
than 40%.
3.8.1.3 Permissive conditions of ignition of coal layer C: pulverizer A has
already been in operation and oil layer AB is in operation, or pulverizer B is in
operation, or oil layer CD is in operation, or the load is more than 40%.
3.8.1.4Permissive conditions of coal layer D ignition:
Pulverizer B has been in operation and oil layer AB is in operation, or
pulverizer C has been in operation, or oil layer CD is in operation, or the load is
more than 40%.
3.8.1.5 Permissive conditions of coal layer E ignition:
Pulverizer C has been in operation and oil layer CD is in operation, or
pulverizer D has been in operation, or oil layer EF is in operation, or the load is
more than 40%.
3.8.1.6 Permissive conditions of coal layer F ignition:
Pulverizer D has been in operation and oil layer CD is in operation, or
pulverizer E has been in operation, or oil layer EF is in operation, or the load is
more than 40%.
3.8.2 Pulverizer
3.8.2.1The pulverizer shuts down because the pulverizer oil system is not
normal (any of the following conditions is met)
(1) The two oil pumps of the pulverizer both fail to operate.
(2) The entering oil pressure in the pulverizer oil station is low Ⅱ value.
(3) Bearing temperature of the pulverizer planetary gear box is more than
80℃；
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(4)Return oil temperature of the pulverizer oil station is higher than 65℃.
3.8.2.2Pulverizer oil system is in normal condition :( all the following
conditions should be met.)
(1) Bearing temperature of the pulverizer planetary gear box is lower than
75℃;
(2) Oil level of the pulverizer oil station is not low;
(3) Pressure difference of pulverizer station’s filter is not high;
(4) Oil entering flow of pulverizer station is not low.
(5) Entering oil temperature of pulverizer oil station is proper (between 30℃
and 90℃.)
(6) Temperature of pulverizer oil station is higher than 15℃;
(7) Under the condition that two oil pumps of the pulverizer are in stable
operation, one or two trip suddenly, the oil pressure fluctuates, and after 5s, the
entering oil pressure of the pulverizer oil station can keep stable and is not low,
delay for 3min.
(8)No pulverizer shuts down because the pulverizer oil system is not normal.
3.8.2.3Permissive conditions of pulverizer startup: (all the following conditions
should be met.)
(1) Pulverizer oil system is normal;
(2) More than two pulverized coal shutoff valves of the pulverizer outlet are
open.(Select 3 out of 4)
(3) Pulverizer outlet temperature is not high.
(4) The corresponding coal feeder is in the remote control mode.
(5) Pressure difference between pulverizer seal air and the primary air is
normal;
(6) The pulverizer primary air flow is more than 3/4 of the minimum primary
air flow.
(7) The main pressure of the flame detection air fan outlet is not low;
(8) No tripping conditions of the pulverizers;
(9) None of the pulverizers is in startup;
(10) The corresponding coal layer is permitted to operate.
Pulverizer emergency shutdown conditions: (any of the following conditions is
met.)
(1) MFT
(2) The pulverizer shuts down because the pulverizer system is not normal;
(3) The corresponding coal feeder has started up, and the primary air flow of
the pulverizer is less than half of the minimum primary air flow, delay for 5s;
(4) Pressure difference between the pulverizer seal air and the primary air is
low, delay for 30s;
(5) The pulverized coal shutoff valve groups in the pulverizer outlet have been
closed;
(6) The stator winding temperature of the pulverizer motor is high high, delay
for 2s;
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(7) The bearing temperature of the pulverizer motor is high high, delay for 2s.
3.8.2.5 The pulverizer quick shutdown conditions: (any of the following
conditions is met.)
(1) The corresponding coal feeder has been shut down, delay for 2s, pulse for
2s;
(2) The corresponding coal feeder is in operation of feeding coal, and the
primary air flow of the pulverizer is less than 65% of the minimum primary air
flow, delay for 1 min;
(3) The pulverized coal flame signals of adjacent two corners in corresponding
coal layer disappear, delay for 30min, pulse for 2 seconds;
(4) The pulverizer outlet temperature is high, delay for 10 seconds.
3.8.2.6 The pulverizer oil station
(1) The pulverizer oil station is not normal: (any of the following conditions
is met)
(a) Oil entering pressure of the pulverizer oil station is at lowⅡvalue;
(b) The bearing temperature of the pulverizer planetary gear box is higher
than 80℃;
(c) Return oil temperature of the pulverizer oil station is higher than 65℃;
(d) The pulverizer oil station temperature is lower than 15℃;
(2) Oil pump A and B of the pulverizer oil station (take oil pump A for
example)
(a) Interlock startup: the pulverizer has been in operation, and (oil pump B is
not in operation, pulse for 5s, or, oil pump B has been in operation with a 5s
delay and entering oil pressure of the oil station is low), pulse for 2s.
(b) Permissive conditions of startup: the pulverizer oil station level is not low,
and the pulverizer oil station temperature is higher than 15℃.
(c) Tripping conditions: the pulverizer oil station is not normal with a 5s
delay, and the pulverizer trips with a 2 minutes delay.
3.8.3 Coal Feeders
3.8.3.1 Coal feeder startup permissive conditions: (all the following conditions
should be met)
(1) No coal feeder fault signal;
(2) No fault signal of coal feeder motor;
(3) No coal-feeding rate derivation large signal of the coal feeders;
(4) No over-temperature signal of the coal feeders;
(5) The corresponding coal layer ignition is permitted;
(6) The corresponding coal feeder has been in operation;
(7) The corresponding coal feeder outlet temperature is proper;
(8) The motor driven valves of the coal feeder outlet are fully open;
(9) The seal air valves of the coal feeder are fully open;
3.8.3.2 Tripping conditions of the coal feeder: (any of the following conditions
is met.)
(1)The corresponding pulverizer has been shut down;
(2) The motor driven valves in the coal feeder outlet are fully closed;
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(3)The coal feeder outlet is blocked with coal, with a 10s delay;
(4)The coal feeder internal is over-temperature, with a 5s delay;
(5)Shut down the pulverizer quickly, with a 10s delay;
(6)Shut down the pulverizer for emergency.
3.8.4 Some air valves and slide dampers of the pulverizing system.
3.8.4.1 Seal air valves and outlet air-sealed valves of the pulverizer;
Interlock open: the pulverizer has been in operation.
Permissive conditions to close: the pulverizer has been shut down, with a
1h delay.
3.8.4.2 Fast air valves of the pulverizer inlet
Interlock open: any of the primary air fans is in operation, and the seal air
valves of the pulverizer are fully open, and seal air fan is verified.
Interlock close: Shut down the pulverizer for emergency and pulses for 2s,
or, the quickly shut down the pulverizer pulses for 2s, or the pulverizer has
been shut down and pulse for 2s.
3.8.4.3 Cold air valves of the pulverizer inlet.
Interlock open: the pulverizer has been in operation and pulse for 2s.
Interlock close: (shut down the pulverizer for emergency, or the pulverizer
has been shut down and delay for 1 minute, ) pulse for 2s.
3.8.4.4 Pulverized coal shutoff valve 1,2,3,4 in the pulverizer outlet.
Interlock open: the pulverizer has been in operation.
Interlock close: the pulverizer has been shut down, pulse for 2s.
Permissive conditions to open: the seal air fan is in normal operation, and
all seal air valves of the pulverizers are open.
3.8.4.5 Seal air dampers of the coal feeder:
Permissive conditions to close: the coal feeder has been shut down, and
the pulverizer has been shut down, delay for 5s delay.
3.8.4.6 Coal slide dampers in the coal feeder inlet: operated by the operator
manually.
3.8.4.7 Coal slide dampers in the coal feeder outlet:
Interlock open: the coal feeder has been started up.
Interlock close: (shut down the pulverizer for emergency or quickly, and
the coal feeder has not been started up yet.), pulse for 2s.
3.9 Seal air fan
3.9.1 Public logic
The seal air fan is in normal condition:
(The seal air fan A is in operation and outlet air pressure of the seal air fan is
higher than 10Kpa, or (the seal air fan B is in operation, and outlet air pressure
of seal air fan B is higher than 10Kpa).
3.9.2 Seal air fan A
Interlock startup: seal air fan A is put into standby, and (seal air fan B is
not in operation and pulses for 2s, or, seal air fan B is in operation and delay for
5 seconds, and outlet air pressure of seal air fan B is <8KPa, delay for5s.)
47
Permitted to shut down: seal air fan B is in operation, or all pulverizers are
shut down with a 1h delay.
3.9.2 Seal air fan B
Interlock startup: seal air fan B is put into standby, and (seal air fan A is
not in operation and pulse for 2s, or ,seal air fan A is in operation and delay for
5 seconds, and, the outlet air pressure of seal air fan A is lower than 8Kpa,
delay for 5 seconds.)
Permitted to shut down: seal air fan A is in operation, or, all pulverizers
are in operation 1h delay.
3.9.3 The main air valve of the seal air fan outlet .
Interlock open: one or two seal air fans are in operation.
3.10 Flame detection cooling air fan
3.10.1 Public logic
The flame detection cooling air system is in normal operation:
One or two fire detection cooling air fans are in operation, and the main
pressure of the flame detection air fan outlet is not low.
3.10.2 Flame detection cooling air fan A
Interlock startup: flame detection cooling air fan A is put into standby, and
( flame detection cooling air fan B is not in operation and pulse for 2s, or,
pressure of the main in the flame detection air fan outlet is low, 2s delay).
Permitted to shut down: flame detection cooling air fan B is in operation
and pressure of the main in the flame detection air fan outlet is not low, or,
MFT delays for 24h.
3.10.3 Flame detection cooling air fan B
Interlock startup: flame detection cooling air fan B is put into standby, and
(flame detection cooling air fan A is not in operation and pulse for 2 seconds,
or, pressure of the main in the flame detection air fan outlet is low, delay for 2
seconds.)
Permitted to shut down: flame detection cooling air fan A is in operation
and pressure of the main in the flame detection air fan outlet is not low, or,
MFT delays for 24h.
3.10.4 Inlet valves of flame detection cooling air fan A and B: operated by the
operator manually.
3.11 RUNBACK
3.11.1 Basic thought of RUNBACK control:
Compare the unit actual output with the permissive output of each main
auxiliary machine. When the unit actual output is larger than the permissive
output of any main auxiliary machine, RB condition occurs, the unit target load
decreases from the present value according to the RB speed required by the
auxiliary machine which caused RB (the speed is determined by field
48
commission). After the unit target load reaches the RB target value, namely the
permissive maximum output of the unit, RB is finished.
RUNBACK loop consists of the following components.
3.11.1.1RB condition judgement
3.11.1.2Target value of RUNBACK forms the loop.
3.11.2 RB permissive conditions：RB manual button is put into operation, and
in a certain unit load and boiler-turbine coordination control mode.
3.11.3 The following faults of auxiliary machines will cause RB condition.
 FD Fan
 ID Fan
 PA Fan
 Water feeding pumps
 Pulverizers
When single FD fan, ID fan, and PA fan trips, and the unit load is more than
180MW, RB occurs. When one electrical pump trips and the standby pump is
not interlock started up within 5s, and the unit load is more than 180MW, RB
occurs. When three pulverizers trip and the unit load is more than 250MW, RB
occurs. When more than three pulverizers trip and the unit load is more than
250MW, RB occurs.
During the unit operation, if the important auxiliary machines, including the
electrical pumps (two are in operation, one trips, the standby pump fails to start
up in time), pulverizers(three are in operation ,one trips), FD fan, ID fan, one of
the two PA fans, trips because of faults, the unit reduces the load instruction at
a certain speed, quickly cut off some of the pulverizers, maintain two
pulverizers in operation to reduce the output. In order to ensure stable
combustion and steam pressure of the boiler, start up light oil layer BC at the
same time.
After FSSS has accepted the RB signal transported by MCS, under the
condition that 3 or more pulverizers are in operation, the pulverizer shutdown
instruction is sent out at an interval of 5s, and trip pulverizer F, E, D and C in
turn. If pulverizer F is not in operation, then go straight to trip pulverizer E, D
and C until two are kept in operation. Meanwhile, reduce the output of every
pulverizer in operation to meet the load instruction that has been reduced.
1.11.4 RB reset conditions: reset manually or reduce the unit actual load to be
below 180MW.
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Chapter2 Boiler Startup

1．The Prescription and Description of Boiler Startup
1.1 The Prescription of Boiler Startup
1.1.1 General Provisions
The following operations can only be carried out with the presence of the
general engineer or the appointed chief engineer of the Operation Division,
professional engineers, professional engineers of the Production and Science
Department, and other relevant special personnel:
1.1.1.1 The operation of the newly installed boiler, or the first startup of the
boiler after major and minor overhaul.
1.1.1.2 The startup after major improvements of the boiler equipment and
system, or the first test concerning new technology.
1.1.1.3 The verification of boiler main steam, boiler reheated steam, and drum
safety valve.
1.1.1.4 The test of the boiler water pressure.
1.1.2 The boiler should be forbidden to start under any of the following
conditions:
1.1.2.1 The test of the main interlocking protection functions of the boiler is
unqualified, or the operation is abnormal.
1.1.2.2 Any of the operation subsystems loses the function of man-machine
conversation.
1.1.2.3 The main protection systems of the boiler do not work.
1.1.2.4 The I&C power is lost, and all the software operations and program
controls do not work normally.
1.1.2.5 The instrument air is lost, or the air supply pressure is abnormal.
1.1.2.6 DCS control system doesn’t work normally.
1.2 The Description of Boiler Startup
1.2.1 The main monitoring parameters of the boiler.
1.2.1.1 Drum water level.
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1.2.1.2 Furnace pressure.

1.2.1.3 The differential pressure between flame detection cooling air and
furnace.
1.2.1.4 The tube wall temperature of superheaters and reheaters.
1.2.1.5 The differential pressure between primary air main and furnace.
1.2.1.6 Total fuel volume, total air volume, O2 in the flue gas.
1.2.2 The main interlocking protection of the boiler.
1.2.2.1 The large interlocking protection of turbine, generator, and boiler.
1.2.2.2 Boiler MFT function.
1.2.2.3 Boiler large interlocking function.
2. Boiler Startup Modes & The Selective Principles of Startup Parameters and
Patterns
2.1 Boiler Startup Modes
2.1.1 The Divisions of Boiler States
2.1.1.1 Cold state: The drum gauge pressure is 0MPa, and the temperature is
the surrounding temperature.
2.1.1.2 Hot state: The drum gauge pressure > o.5MPa, the temperature >
150℃.
2.1.1.3 The state between the hot state and the cold state is the warm state.
2.2 The Selective Principles of Startup Parameters and Patterns
2.2.1 Water quality parameters, notices and the principles of pattern selection
during boiler water filling:
2.2.1.1 Water quality parameters selection during boiler water filling:
The water quality should meet such requirements, the temperature ＞
21℃，and the temperature＜104℃ at the same time.
2.2.1.2 Notices for filling water to the boiler:
(1)Water filling can not be carried out until the water quality is up to the
standard in India.
(2)Before water filling, put the cooling system of the water level TV and
camera into operation, and open the vent valve of the boiler according to
regulations.
(3)The water temperature should be strictly controlled between 40℃ and
60℃.It is inadvisable to raise the water temperature too quickly during filling
water. Generally a flow rate of 30 ～ 60t/h is recommended, and the speed of
filling water in winter should be lower than that in summer.
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(4)The drum water level should be raised to the visible water level, that is
-200mm.Close the feedwater valve, and open the recycle valve. After water
filling is finished, check whether there is any change of water level. If the water
level rises or falls, check whether the feedwater valve is closed completely or
leaks.
(5) Pay attention whether the temperature difference between the upper and
lower drum wall and heating expansion of the heating surface are in normal
conditions.
2.2.1.3Patterns of water filling:
(1) Adopt the boiler water filling pump to fill water to the boiler:
After the water filling pump is started and normally operated, open the
water filling manual valve on the pipe connecting the water filling pump with
the feedwater main which is linked behind the feedwater main regulating
valves. Regulate the opening of the manual valve, and fill water to the boiler
slowly until the drum water level reaches about -200mm.Close the water filling
manual valve and stop the operation of the water filling pump. Notify the
chemical personnel to assay the water quality. If the water quality is
unqualified, drain the water from the boiler entirely, and then fill water again
until the water quality is up to standard.
(2) Adopt motor driven boiler feedwater pump (MDBFP) to fill water to the
boiler:
After the MDBFP is started and normally operated, open the motor driven
valves both in front of and behind the feedwater regulating valve. Regulate the
feedwater regulating valve, and fill water to the boiler slowly until the drum
water level reaches about -200mm.Close the feedwater regulating valve and
notify the chemical personnel to assay the water quality. If the water quality is
unqualified, drain the water from the boiler entirely, and then fill water again
until the water quality is up to standard.
3. Boiler Examination & Auxiliary Equipment and Systems Start before Startup
3.1Notices for Startup Process
3.1.1 Make sure that the conditions of the boiler startup are met.
3.1.2 The boiler outlet flue gas temperature should be strictly restricted to be
less than 540℃, before the unite synchronizes on initial load or before the
high pressure and low pressure bypass system is put into operation.
3.1.3 Check that the boiler expansion indicator displays normally before
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startup. During the process of startup, monitor the conditions of the boiler
proper expansion. If there is any expansion component being blocked, the
operation of raising pressure should be stopped and causes be identified.
3.1.4 Before boiler startup, make sure that the quality of feedwater and
demineralized water is up to standard. During the period of startup, the
chemical examination of water quality should be carried out regularly to ensure
the qualified quality of steam and water.
3.1.5 After the boiler ignition, air preheater sootblowing should be put into
operation immediately. During the oil combustion process, maintain air
preheater continuous sootblowing.
3.1.6 The startup and shutdown of each boiler auxiliary equipment, after the
necessary checking that the conditions are met, should be singly operated on
corresponding picture of the LCD.
3.1.7 Put boiler-front fuel oil system into operation. In order to make sure of
the smooth ignition and combustion of fuel oil, control the pressure and
temperature of fuel oil according to requirements, and the fuel oil viscosity
should be restricted to to be lower than 4°E.
3.2 Boiler Inspection before Startup
3.2.1 Overall inspection and requirements:
3.2.1.1 The overall overhauls of the boiler are all completed, and all the work-
order cards are done according to relevant regulations.
3.2.1.2 The stairs, railing and platform should be intact. In the passage and
around the equipment, there are no debris obstructing work and transit.
3.2.1.3 All the systems are well connected, the supports and hangers of all
pipes are firm and stable, the pipe insulation is intact.
3.2.1.4 All temporary fences ， scaffoldings, nameplates and temporary blind
flanges in all pipes have been removed.
3.2.1.5 Equipment denomination, rotating direction of rotary machines and
flowing markers of medium of each pipe are complete and correct.
3.2.1.6 The special devices, appliances, instruments and all record sheets for
the boiler startup are prepared completely.
3.2.1.7 The lighting inside and outside the workshop is in good condition, the
emergency system works normally and it is ready for operation at any time.
3.2.1.8 The communication system inside and outside the plant works
normally.
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3.2.1.9 All the relevant operation power, protection power, control power and
instrument power, etc, have been supplied and worked normally.
3.2.1.10 Central control room (CCR) and all control panels on spot are
complete. All indicating record instruments, alarm devices, operation and
control switches are in good condition.
3.2.1.11 The commission of base type regulating device is completed, confirm
that set point is correct, and then put it into automatic mode.
3.2.1.12 Furnace flame TV camera system is in good condition.
3.2.1.13 Fire-fighting equipment in the plant is normal and usable.
3.2.1.14 Open the primary valve and the secondary valve of all the instruments.
3.2.2 System checking and confirming before boiler startup:
3.2.2.1 After receiving boiler startup command, the chief shift should notify
personnel of every post to make preparations for startup, and notify the ash
control operator to put the relevant electrical heating appliance into operation
24 hours in advance.
3.2.2.2 Make sure that the boiler overhaul has been completed, and all the
work-order cards have been done.
3.2.2.3 Check and make sure that there is no slagging or ash deposit in water
wall, superheater, reheater, economizer and air preheater, and that the access
doors, sight holes, poke doors, explosion doors and inspection holes are all
complete. After making sure that nobody is working inside, close all the doors
and holes.
3.2.2.4 Check and make sure that externals of all the burners are complete,
without any slagging or burning-out, and that all the ignition devices are
complete and available.
3.2.2.5 Make sure that the switches of all the air dampers and baffles work
flexibly, and that the indications of the opening and position are correct, the
actuator works normally.
3.2.2.6 Make sure that all the valves are complete and switches work flexibly,
and that the indications of the opening and position are correct, the actuator
works normally.
3.2.2.7 Check and make sure that externals of all the safety valves and
electromagnetic pressure relief valves are complete, the steam discharge pipe is
intact and the installation is firm and stable.
3.2.2.8 Make sure that the furnace flue gas temperature probe is intact and
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available, advancing and retreating flexibly.

3.2.2.9 The soot blowers should be put into cold commission after major
overhauls to ensure that they work flexibly and the program control is normal.
All of them should retreat to the outside of the boiler.
3.2.2.10 Make sure that the drum water level gauges are all complete, and the
thermal insulation of the steam water connecting pipe is in good condition.
Ensure that the valves’ action is smooth, the water level indicator displays
clearly, and the water level TV monitor is intact and available. Make sure that
the illumination of all the water level gauges is sufficient, then put them into
operation.
3.2.2.11 Check and make sure that the furnace flame TV camera equipment is
in good condition. The cooling air damper should be open.
3.2.2.12 Flexible pipes of all the oil guns have been well connected, and oil
guns are at retreating position.
3.2.2.13 Make sure that the ash and slag channel is clean, the cover boards are
complete, and the slag disposal equipment is in good condition. Ensure that the
water seal of furnace hopper has been put into operation, and overflowing is
normal.
3.2.2.14 Make sure that the auxiliary equipment is normal and available.
3.2.2.15 The primary valves of the local pressure gauges, the primary valves of
feedwater, sampling and continuous blowdown, drain valves and vent valves
should all match the conditions before startup.
3.3 Auxiliary Equipment and Systems Start before Boiler Startup
3.3.1 Check that all the rotary equipment has passed the insulation test, and
energize the equipment.
3.3.2 Contact I&C personnel to put the power of the instrument operation
devices, alarm devices, automatic devices and interlocking protection devices
into operation.
3.3.3 Contact the fuel duty members to feed coal to the raw coal bin.
3.3.4 Put the compressed air system into operation.
3.3.5 Carry out water filling to the boiler until drum water level reaches
-200mm.
3.3.6 Make sure that each oil pump of the auxiliary equipment has passed the
interlocking test, then start the oil pumps of the auxiliary equipment and check
that the oil pressure is in normal.
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3.3.7 Contact the fuel oil pump station to start the fuel oil pump and to carry
out oil system cycle.
4.Boiler Cold Startup
4.1 Auxiliary Equipment Startup & Fuel Oil Leakage Test
4.1.1 Check boiler drum water level.
4.1.2 Check and put into operation the accessory systems of auxiliary
equipment during water filling.
4.1.3 Make sure that the conditions of air preheater startup are met. Start two
air preheaters. And after they work normally, put interlocking and bearing
temperature protection of auxiliary motor and main motor into operation.
4.1.4 Check and make sure that the conditions of induced draft fan and forced
draft fan startup are met. Start two induced draft fans and two forced draft fans.
4.1.5 Restrict furnace negative pressure at -0.1kPa. Set the ID fan regulation at
automatic control. And at the same time regulate the moving blades of the
forced draft fan to maintain the total air flow at 30—40%.
4.1.6 The leak test of the fuel oil main and 5 minutes’ furnace purge should be
carried out before boiler ignition.
4.1.7 Check and make sure that fuel oil pump works normally, and fuel oil
pressure is in normal. Carry out fuel oil leak test.
4.1.7.1 The following conditions of leak test should be met:
The oil angle valves of oil guns of all layers are closed.
The fuel oil fast valve is closed.
The fuel oil return oil valve is closed.
Fuel oil pressure ≥3.8Mpa.
No MFT condition.
The fuel oil filling regulating valve is open.
4.1.7.2 If the above conditions are all met, carry out the leak test according to
the following procedures：
(1)Open the fuel oil fast valve to fill oil to pipelines. Within one minute, if
the oil main pressure is not lower than 3.8Mpa, close the oil fast valve; if the
pressure does not reach 3.8Mpa, then the check of oil leak is failed and the test
is terminated.
(2)If the inlet and outlet differential pressure of the oil fast valve is higher
than 0.1MPa within 2 minutes, then the check of oil leak is failed and the test is
terminated.
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(3)If the inlet and outlet differential pressure of the oil fast valve is lower
than 0.1MPa, open the return oil valve and relieve oil from pipelines. If the
differential pressure is higher than 0.1MPa, then the leakage test of oil relief is
successful. Otherwise, if the differential pressure is still lower than 0.1MPa
after a 70-seconds’delay, the oil relief of oil main is failed and the check of oil
leakage is failed.
(4)If the leakage check of oil relief becomes successful, close the return
oil valve. After a two-minute delay, if the fuel oil pressure is higher than
0.1MPa, then it indicates that there is leakage in the fuel oil fast valve;
otherwise, there is no leakage, and the test is up to standard.
Notice: Operators can bypass the oil leakage test on OIS according to
actual conditions. It is not permitted to bypass under the following
circumstances: the pipelines of oil system is in repair; it is the first time to put
the oil system into operation, or the system has not worked for a rather long
time; the oil leakage test fails.
4.2 Furnace Purge
4.2.1 The conditions of purge:
4.2.1.1 At least one forced draft fan is in operation, and corresponding baffles
are open.
4.2.1.2 At least one induced draft fan is in operation, and corresponding baffles
are open.
4.2.1.3 All the oil angle valves are closed.
4.2.1.4 The fuel oil fast valve is closed.
4.2.1.5 No MFT instruction.
4.2.1.6 All the coal pulverizers and coal feeders are shut down.
4.2.1.7 Maintain drum water level in normal.
4.2.1.8 There is no flame in the whole furnace.
4.2.1.9 The boiler air flow is between 30% and 40%.
4.2.1.10 Furnace pressure is in normal.
4.2.1.11 All the air preheaters are in operation.
4.2.1.12 There is no electrostatic precipitator(ESP) in operation.
4.2.1.13 All the auxiliary air baffles are in automatic position.
4.2.1.14 There is no primary air fan in operation.
4.2.1.15 The outlet valves of both cold and hot air damper of the coal
pulverizer are closed.
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4.2.1.16 The oil leakage test is qualified.

4.2.2 The operation of purge:
4.2.2.1 Find out the picture of purge on LCD to make sure that the above
conditions are all met and that corresponding indications are ready.
4.2.2.2 Press the button “Purge startup” to start purging and finish it in 5
minutes. In this process, if encountering that some conditions are not met, the
purge should be terminated. At this time the causes should be found out, and
carry out purge again for 5 minutes after the causes are eliminated.
4.2.3 After finishing purge, open the fuel oil fast valve automatically and
maintain normal fuel oil pressure, then reset MFT signal.
4.2.4 After finishing purge, regulate the opening of auxiliary air baffles to
maintain the pressure difference between the wind box and the furnace at 0.25
～0.40KPa, meanwhile, set the auxiliary air baffles at Auto.
4.3 Boiler Ignition:
4.3.1 Make sure that 5% bypass valves are open, valves draining water to the
periodic blowdown flash tank are open, and valves draining water to the
condenser are closed.
4.3.2 Make sure that the MDBFP is in normal operation.
4.3.3 The recirculation valve of the economizer is open.
4.3.4 The local flue gas temperature probes are put in the furnace by manual or
remote control. While the flue gas temperature of the furnace outlet is above
540℃,the flue gas temperature probes will alarm and retreat automatically.
4.3.5 Set the control of electromagnetic relief valve at Auto.
4.3.6 Put auxiliary steam for air preheater soot blowing into operation, and the
conditions of air preheater soot blowing are met.
4.3.7 Start flame detection cooling air fan A （B）.Check and make sure that
the pressure difference between flame detection cooling air and furnace is
normal (＞1.5kPa).
4.3.8 Put furnace flame monitor TV into operation.
4.3.8.1 Check and make sure that the cooling air fan air pressure of the furnace
flame monitor TV camera is higher than 1.05KPa.
4.3.8.2 Contact I&C personnel to put furnace flame monitor TV into operation.
4.3.9 Check that the conditions of oil gun startup are met:
4.3.9.1 Purge is finished.
4.3.9.2 No MFT signal.
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4.3.9.3 The fuel oil fast valve and fuel oil regulating valve are open, and the oil
pressure is appropriate.
4.3.9.4 The tilting burner angle is in the horizontal position. Air flow is about
30%.
4.3.9.5 Flame detection cooling air pressure is normal.
4.3.9.6 The local control switches of oil guns are set at “Remote control”.
4.3.9.7 The pressure difference between the wind box and furnace is met.
4.3.9.8 Ignition is forbidden within one minute after any of the oil corners loses
fire.
4.3.9.9 During the process of boiler ignition, firstly put light oil gun into operation for boiler
warming, then put heavy oil gun into operation step by step according to requirements.
4.3.10 Single oil gun startup:
4.3.10.1 Check and make sure that the startup conditions of single oil gun on #1 corner of
BC layer on LCD is met.
4.3.10.2 Set the sequence control of the oil gun on #1 corner of BC layer at Auto. Press the
button of oil gun startup, then oil gun works automatically according to the following
procedures:(Advance oil gun and open purge valve→time purge→close purge valve and
advance light-up gun→light-up gun fires→open oil angle valve→light up oil gun→stop
firing→light-up gun retreats.)
4.3.10.3 Start igniter on #1 corner and open oil valve on #1 corner, the light oil recirculation
valve in front of the boiler closes automatically).If the conduct of sequence control is
terminated, the oil gun and igniter should retreat automatically, otherwise , interfere through
human force.
4.3.10.4 Put other oil guns into operation using the same means. Put the #3, #2, #4 corners
light oil guns into operation in turn, at an interval of 15 seconds. When the igniter is cut off,
the pressure difference between igniting air and furnace must be kept above 0.25 ～0.40KPa,
to meet the needs of ignition nozzle cooling. Facing the boiler, from the left side corner in
front of the boiler, corners are respectively numbered as #1, #2, #3, #4 clockwise.
4.3.11 Start up oil gun cornerwise:
4.3.11.1 Start oil guns on #1 and #3 corners of BC layer on LCD, then they should enter
automatically and ignite. The oil gun on #1 corner ignites at first, and that on #3 corner ignites
in 15 seconds. After ignition, if the corresponding oil flame detection indicates the “Flame”
signal, the high energy ignition gun should retreat automatically, otherwise interfere through
human force.
4.3.11.2 When oil guns on #1 and #3 corners are on fire, the oil guns firing should be in good
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condition if the oil pressure is regulated by the oil filling regulating valve.
4.3.11.3 Put the oil guns on #2, #4 corners of BC layer and oil guns of AB, DE or EF layers
into operation by the same means.
4.3.12 Start up oil layers.
4.3.12.1 Find out the oil system picture on LCD, and select oil guns of AB layer to start up.
4.3.12.2 Put auxiliary air baffles of AB layer in the igniting position, and set fuel oil control at
Auto.
4.3.12.3 Start all corners in the sequence of 1,3,2,4 corner at an interval of 15 seconds.
4.3.12.4 Put the oil guns of DE-EF layer into operation by the same means.
4.3.12.5 The principle of oil layer flame estimation is to select three from four.
4.3.13 After oil guns are put into operation, fuel oil pressure should be kept stable. If oil
pressure falls, turn down the recirculating valve of the fuel oil pump outlet and keep oil
pressure stable above 2.5MPa.
4.3.14When put oil guns into operation on the lowest layer, if ignition fails, try two more
times (at a certain interval).If it fails three times, then contact maintenance personnel to deal
with.
4.3.15When oil guns are on fire, check the atomization condition. The combustion should be
in good condition. Inspect the combustion condition through the furnace flame monitor TV
and the local peep hole. If combustion is not in good condition, which is demonstrated by
unstable igniting point, flame bearing gas tail, not bright flame, spark formed by unburned
carbon, irregular flame formation, etc., notify maintenance personnel to deal with it and make
necessary adjustments of combustion.
4.3.16 During the period of boiler oil temperature rising and pressure rising, try best to
maintain four corners’ firing of oil guns on one layer at the same time, in order to make boiler
expand evenly.
4.3.17 During oil gun startup, if ignition fails, it is allowed to try one more time. If it fails
again, contact the overhaul personnel to dispose.
4.3.18 After ignition, put air preheater continuous soot blowing into operation with soot
blowing steam. And strengthen the temperature changing tendency monitor of flue gas and air
in the air preheater inlet and outlet, to prevent air preheater heating elements from combusting
caused by oil deposit in the process of ignition.
4.3.19 After ignition, strengthen the monitor of drum water level, and put feedwater automatic
regulation into operation if the circumstance requires. At the same time, the rotating speed
control of the MDBFP also works automatically. After continuously filling water to the boiler,
close the recirculating valve of the economizer.
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4.4 Raising the Boiler Temperature and Pressure

4.4.1 Regulate fuel oil flow or increase the quantity of the operating oil guns, to control the
speed of temperature rise and pressure rise.
4.4.2 Raising temperature and pressure should be operated in line with boiler cold startup
curve.
4.4.3 In the process of raising temperature and pressure, attention should be paid to the
thermal expansion conditions of every component. When the boiler is started up after major
overhauls, expansion indicators of every component should be recorded respectively before
boiler water filling, after boiler water filling, and when drum pressure reaches 0.5MPa,
2.0MPa, 6.0MPa, 10.0MPa, 13.0MPa, 16.0MPa. Stop raising pressure if abnormal expansion
indication is found. Continue to raise pressure after failures are eliminated.
4.4.4 Pay attention to the change of drum water level. If feedwater regulation can not
maintain the normal water level, it can be adjusted by the control of periodic blowdown valve
and continuous blowdown valve together to maintain the water level within the range of
±50mm.
4.4.5 The curve has established a number of speeds of temperature rising after ignition, which
are controlled by speeds of pressure rising. In the initial period of pressure rising, the
operating oil guns are quite a few and combustion is quite weak, the filling degree of flame in
furnace is low, so the evaporating surface is heated rather unevenly. This unevenness, together
with other factors such as water circulation not having been normally established, is easy to
make evaporating equipment, especially the drum, create rather great thermal stress. In this
case, the speed of temperature rising must be strictly controlled in the initial stage of pressure
rising.
4.4.6 During cold startup, the jobs that the operators should carry out in the process of raising
boiler temperature and pressure:
4.4.6.1 The temperature increasing rate from 6℃ to 100℃ is 1.33℃/min. Control the
temperature difference between the upper and lower drum wall within 50℃.
4.4.6.2 The temperature increasing rate above 100℃ is 1.73℃/min. Control the temperature
difference between drum inside and outside wall within 50℃.Pay attention to the temperature
rising rate of the superheater, and the wall temperature of the superheater and reheater needs
to be monitored closely.
4.4.6.3 When the drum pressure reaches about 0.05 ～ 0.1MPa, flush the double colored
indicator. After flushing, verify water level carefully to ensure the accuracy of the indication.
4.4.6.4 When the drum pressure reaches about 0.15～0.2MPa, close all the vent valves of the
boiler. When the drum pressure reaches about 0.2 ～ 0.3MPa, drain water from the lower
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header of the water wall to accelerate even heating of all components of the evaporating
surface, which can also improve the quality of boiler water. Watch out for the change of the
drum water level in the process of drainage.
4.4.6.5 Constantly check the expansion condition of the boiler, especially the expansion of the
boiler lower portion. In the process of raising pressure, if expansion is found to be abnormal,
pause raising pressure. Causes are required to be found out, and proceed to raise pressure after
disposal.
4.4.6.6 When drum steam pressure rises to 0.5MPa, it is required to keep it stable for a certain
period to allow maintenance personnel to screw down the connecting components with bolt
(such as climbing poles on the boiler top, etc.).
4.4.6.7 When main steam pressure reaches 0.6MPa and temperature reaches 150 ～ 200℃,
steam can be fed to the systems of deaerator, turbine gland seal, fuel oil tank, heavy oil
atomization, and etc.
4.4.6.8 When the drum pressure reaches 0.7MPa, close the vent valve of the main steam pipe.
4.4.6.9 Put high pressure and low pressure bypass into operation according to circumstances.
4.4.6.10 When the main steam pressure reaches 1.0MPa, close drain valve of the superheater.
4.4.6.11 When the main steam pressure reaches 1.2Mpa, flush the correctional water level
indicator once.
4.4.6.12 When the main steam pressure reaches 1.3MPa, put heavy oil atomizing steam into
operation. Put heavy oil combustion into operation if necessary.
4.4.6.13 When the main steam pressure reaches 1.37 MPa, shift purge steam sources of the air
preheater to be supplied by the boiler.
4.4.6.14 Supply steam to other unit systems which require steam.
4.4.6.15 When continuous water filling to the boiler is established, close the recirculating
valve of the economizer.
4.4.6.16 As long as there are oil guns working, continuous soot blowing of air preheater must
be put into operation.
4.4.6.17 When the main steam pressure is close to the rated steam pressure (about 80% ～90%
of rated steam pressure), flush the double colored indicator again and verify whether the water
level indicator is correct and reliable.
4.5 Boiler Operations during Turbine Rolling
4.5.1 Close the high pressure and low pressure bypass regulating valves gradually.
4.5.2 Maintain the low water level of drum to prevent drum water level from increasing too
much after turbine rolling.
4.5.3 Regulate 5% bypass drainage, fuel oil quantity, high pressure and low pressure bypass,
to keep steam pressure stable at around 4.2MPa, and keep main steam temperature and
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reheated steam temperature stable at around 340℃ and 320℃ respectively.

4.5.4 The flue gas temperature of the furnace outlet is lower than 540℃.
4.6 Boiler Operations during Turbine Warming up
4.6.1 Keep steam pressure stable at around 4.2MPa, and keep main steam temperature and
reheated steam temperature stable at around 340℃ and 320℃ respectively, to satisfy the
needs of turbine speed rising and warming up.
4.6.2 The flue gas temperature of the furnace outlet should be lower than 540℃.
4.7 Boiler Operations during Synchronizing
4.7.1 When turbine rotating speed reaches 3000r/min, the generator starts to be put into
synchronization. Increase the quantity of the boiler fuel appropriately ，and raise the boiler
pressure at the rate of 0.1MPa/min.
4.7.2 All the boiler flue gas temperature probes retreat outside the boiler, and 5% bypass
closes automatically.
4.7.3 Within the time of initial load holding, steam temperature and pressure should be kept as
stable as possible.
4.8 Monitoring during Boiler Startup
4.8.1 In the process of boiler ignition and raising temperature and pressure, the temperature
difference between upper and lower drum wall, between inside and outside drum wall,
between two points at random, is not allowed to be higher than 50℃.If the difference exceeds
50℃, analyze the causes in time, and eliminate them through regulating combustion, strictly
controlling the speed of temperature and pressure rising and strengthening the drainage of the
lower header. If too big temperature difference of the drum wall still continues to rise, raising
temperature and pressure should be stopped immediately and operated again after the
difference becomes normal.
4.8.2 In the process of boiler ignition and raising temperature and pressure, regularly check
the expansion condition of all the heating surface elements and the condition of the supporters
and hangers, to ensure that the lifting pole is taken force evenly in hot state. In order to make
every component of the boiler heat and expand evenly, drain water from the lower header
timely according to the expansion conditions. During drainage, strictly control the drum water
level. When the expansion becomes abnormal, stop raising pressure and find out the causes.
Proceed to raise pressure after expansion becomes normal.
4.8.3 In the process of raising boiler temperature and pressure, strictly control the flue gas
temperature of the furnace outlet not to exceed 540℃ before turbine rolling.
4.8.4 When oil guns are started, inspect the combustion condition of oil guns. If the
combustion is not in a good condition, adjustments should be made immediately.
4.8.5 According to the condition of the unit load rising, fuel should be increasingly fed to the
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boiler to meet the needs of the unit. It may be tried to put the pulverized coal into the furnace
when the following conditions are met.
4.8.5.1 More than four light oil guns and four heavy oil guns have been put into operation.
4.8.5.2 The flue gas temperature in the front of the final reheater is above 350℃.
4.8.5.3 Air temperature of the air preheater outlet is above 180℃.
4.8.6 When pulverized coal is fed, pay attention to the adjustments of combustion. If
pulverized coal cannot be lit up after pulverized coal filling, stop the pulverized coal filling
immediately, and keep furnace negative pressure at 0.1～0.15KPa,strengthen ventilation for 5
minutes. At this time, maintain stable combustion of oil guns. Not until the causes are found
out and failures are eliminated, can the second pulverized coal filling be carried out. If both of
the pulverized coal filling operations fail, besides handling according to the above
regulations, do not fill pulverized coal again until the causes are analyzed out.
4.8.7 After turbine rolling and in the period of increasing load, strictly control the main steam
temperature, reheated steam temperature, main steam pressure and drum water level (within
the range of ±50mm).And strictly monitor the steam temperature of the low temperature
superheater outlet and the rear platen superheater outlet, put desuperheaters of each unit into
operation timely.
4.8.8 In the process of ignition and raising temperature and pressure, carry out control in
compliance with the temperature and pressure rise curve prescribed in the regulations. It is
forbidden to shorten and delay the time of raising temperature and pressure without reason.
4.8.9 In the process of ignition and raising temperature and pressure, strengthen the wall
temperature monitor and control of all superheaters and reheaters to prevent overheating. If
the tube wall temperature is found to be abnormal, take measures to make adjustments timely.
Detailed tube wall temperature control of all superheaters and reheaters can be referred to
boiler protection limited values.
4.8.10 The temperature rising rate of saturation temperature during startup can be referred to
startup curve.
4.8.11 In the process of raising pressure, regularly monitor the qualities of boiler steam and
water to be in line with the regulation of Quality Criterion of Water and Steam For
Generating Unit and Steam Power Equipment (GB/T12145-1999).
4.8.12 In the process of raising pressure, if drum water level control is found to be unstable,
or the economizer is found to show any sign of evaporation, operators should inspect whether
the economizer recirculating is actually open. Meanwhile make the feedwater quantity exceed
the boiler needed, and assist with blowdown, that is, adjust the opening and pressure rising
speed of the blowdown valve to maintain water level. When silicon content of the boiler water
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exceeds the standard, stop raising pressure, and carry out desiliconization, carry out reduced
pressure operation if necessary.
4.8.13During startup, at first fully open the drain valves (namely,5% bypass) of the lower
header in the rear flue gas well. After the pressure is established, superheated steam pressure
can be controlled by drain valves, mainly by turbine bypass. Close drain valves after turbine
synchronizing.(If there is turbine bypass,5% bypass can also be out of use.)
4.8.14Before ignition, drain valves and vent valves of the superheater and reheater must be
open, to ensure the drainage of pipes within the system. When steam comes into being in the
pipes, close the vent valve of the superheated steam pipe. The drain valves of the header in
the rear flue gas well should be closed immediately after turbine synchronizing. Vent valves
and drain valves of the reheater must be closed before the condenser establishes vacuum.
4.8.15 Monitor the flue gas temperature of the air preheater outlet, to prevent thermal
deformation, low temperature corrosion and secondary combustion.
4.8.16 Inspect the combustion condition through flame monitoring TV, to prevent sharp
changes of steam and flue gas temperature caused by unstable combustion. When steam and
flue gas temperature rise sharply, control combustion rate, decrease the pressure rising speed
and suspend a part of burners if necessary.
4.8.17 Pay attention to the operating condition of all the automatic regulating devices. When
failures occur or regulation is in bad condition, control manually and contact I&C personnel
for handling.
4.8.18 Carry out a comprehensive sootblowing after combustion becomes stable.
4.8.19 Regulate ventilation quantity appropriately. When the load reaches 100%, excessive air
coefficient of the economizer outlet is better to be kept at about 1.25.
4.8.20 Regulate the fineness of pulverized coal to reach the design requirements.
5. Boiler Hot Startup
When the boiler is started in the state of hot standby, it is called hot startup. The process of
boiler hot startup is basically similar to that of cold startup.
5.1 Hot startup without turbine bypass
5.1.1 Preparations for startup.
5.1.1.1 Notify the turbine to put the MDBFP into operation, half an hour before ignition.
5.1.1.2 Start forced and induced draft fans.
5.1.1.3 Start flame detection cooling air fan.
5.1.1.4 Furnace purge.
5.1.1.5 Put boiler-front fuel oil system into operation.
5.1.1.6 Put furnace flue gas temperature probe into operation.
5.1.1.7 Start ash handling system.
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5.1.2 The steps of boiler ignition and raising pressure are taken according to the hot startup
requirement. The turbine rolling parameters should be determined by the turbine governing
stage temperature. And the operation of raising temperature and pressure is referred to the
boiler hot startup curve.
5.1.3 For hot state startup, after ignition, steam temperature should be raised as soon as
possible to meet the needs of turbine rolling. If the steam pressure rises too quickly while the
steam temperature rises too slowly, regulate the opening of the turbine bypass valve
appropriately.
5.1.4 Before turbine rolling, close the high pressure and low pressure bypass of the turbine,
regulate the main steam pressure by 5% bypass and the dynamic relief valve.
5.1.5 During turbine rolling, keep the steam temperature and pressure as stable as possible.
5.1.6 The operation in the period of synchronization with initial load is referred to the cold
startup.
5.1.7 Load increasing.
5.1.7.1 Raise the boiler temperature and pressure according to the requirements of turbine
load increasing.
5.1.7.2 The other operations of increasing load refer to the cold startup.
5.2 Hot Startup with Turbine Bypass, esp. Extreme Hot Startup within 8 Hours
after Turbine Shutdown
5.2.1 Preparations before startup are the same as the hot startup without bypass.
5.2.2 Boiler ignition and raising temperature
5.2.2.1 Contact the turbine to put the high and low pressure bypass system into operation.
5.2.2.2 The operating steps of boiler ignition and temperature rising are taken according to hot
startup requirements. The control of raising temperature and pressure is in line with the hot
startup curve.
5.2.2.3 The speed of boiler temperature and pressure rising can be regulated by the turbine
bypass.
5.2.2.4 Determine the rolling parameters according to the turbine requirements at that time.
5.2.2.5 During the period of the turbine rolling to the initial load, keep the boiler steam temperature as
stable as possible.
6. Boiler Load Increasing
6.1 Turbine Warming up under 15MW Load
6.1.1 After the unit synchronizing close 5% bypass valve, control fuel oil flow to maintain the boiler
main steam pressure at 4.5MPa and the main steam temperature at 350℃ ～380℃, the highest value
not permitted to exceed 400℃.
6.1.2 After synchronization, when the gas temperature of the furnace outlet is higher than 540℃,check
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that the gas temperature probe should retreat automatically, otherwise interfere through human forces.
6.1.3 When the turbine load is increased to 15MW, warm the turbine for 30 minutes. During this
period, if the main steam temperature rises, increase one minute for warming up as per rise of 1.7℃.
During warming up, the reheated steam temperature must be in accordance with the requirement of
“no-load —— low load operating guide line” ,and completely check that the boiler and all the systems
work normally.
Notice: During the boiler hot startup, comply with the regulation of the hot startup curve to
determine 5% of the rated load for warming up, or directly add up to the corresponding initial load.
6.2 Increasing Load t o 30MW
6.2.1 Keep load rise rate≤1MW/min, pressure rise rate ≤0.12MPa/min.
6.2.2 Open superheater attemperating water main valve.
6.2.3 Put the pulverizing system into operation step by step according to requirements.
6.2.4 Set A, B forced draft fan control at Auto, oxygen content verification at Auto.
6.2.5 When the load rises to 10% （ 30MW ） ,the main steam temperature is about 420℃,the main
steam pressure is higher than 4.9MPa, and reheat steam temperature is about 410℃.
6.3 Increasing Load to 60MW
6.3.1 Regulate two primary air fans to raise their outlet air pressure to 8.3Kpa.
6.3.2 Make sure that B coal pulverizer meets the startup requirements, and start it up. Check the current
of the B mill, the seal air valve, the lube oil pump of the coal pulverizer and vibrating condition should
be normal.
6.3.3 Open the hot air damper of B coal pulverizer and set the primary air flow control at Auto. Control
the outlet temperature of the coal pulverizer to rise to 65～77℃ at the rate of 3℃/min.
6.3.4Make sure that B coal feeder meets the startup requirements and start it up.Observe the
combustion condition in the boiler, check the current of B coal pulverizer and the opening of
peripheral air baffles on B layer.
6.3.5 Increase the rotating speed of the coal feeder gradually, and decrease the fuel oil
flowrate; Control that the rising rate of the main steam temperature is lower than <3℃/min,
and the rising rate of the main steam pressure lower than 0.12MPa/min.
6.3.6 When the load rises to 20% （ 60MW ） ,the main steam pressure reaches 6.8MPa,the
main steam temperature reaches 450℃,and the reheat steam temperature 430℃.At this time,
if set the coal feeder at Auto, change the fuel oil flowrate manually by the boiler master
control to ensure the steam parameters stable.
6.3.7 When the load is near 30%, the feedwater low load regulating valve automatically shifts
to the operation of the main feedwater regulating valve. When the feedwater flow or steam
flow is larger than >10%MCR, close the recirculating valve of the economizer.
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6.4.1 Keep the load rise rate and the pressure rise rate changeless.
6.4.2If the silicon content of the boiler water exceeds the prescribed
standard, stop raising pressure and load, and turn up the continuous blowdown
valve to carry out desiliconization. The relation between the boiler water
silicon content and the drum pressure is referred to the table. When the
silicon content falls below the prescribed value, temperature and load can be
raised again. The relation between the boiler water silicon content and the
drum pressure is referred to the below table.
Drum pressure MPa 8.96 10.33 11.7 13.1 14.48 14.87 16.24 17.62
The largest
silicon content
of the boiler
water that
ensures the
silicon content
in the steam is mg/L 3.6 2.3 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.25
not more than
0.02mg/L(corre
sponding
phosphate-
treated boiler
water PH=10)
6.4.3 When the load reaches 35% （ 105MW ） , the main steam pressure should reach
10.5MPa,the main steam temperature should reach 520℃, and reheat steam temperature
should reach 490℃.
6.4.4 After the second MDBFP is started, closely monitor the drum water level in the process
of parallelizing with the other.
6.5.1 Keep the load rising rate and the pressure rising rate changeless. Set the target load at
180MW.
6.5.2When the rotating speed of B coal feeder rises to 70%, and start pulverizing system on A
layer.
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6.5.3 Increase the rotating speed of A coal feeder gradually to be the same as that of B coal
feeder, and set the speed control of coal feeder at automatic operation.
6.5.4 When the superheat steam temperature reaches 530℃,set superheat steam temperature
control at automatic operation.
6.5.5 Shut down single oil gun.
6.5.5.1 Select the sequence control of the oil gun on #1 corner of DE layer.Set it at Auto.Press
the stop button, then oil gun works according to the following procedures. (Close oil angle
valve→advance light-up gun→light-up gun fires→open purge valve→time purge→close
purge valve→light-up gun retreats→oil gun retreats.)
6.5.5.2 Shutdown on layers is in line with the order of #4, #2, #3, #1 corner.Shut down all the
corners in turn at an interval of 30 seconds.
6.5.6 Set peripheral air baffles control at Auto.
6.5.7 When the load is above 50% and the furnace combustion is checked to be in good
condition, withdraw the oil guns in operation one by one or layer by layer.
6.5.8 When the load reaches 60% （ 180MW ） ,the reheated steam temperature reaches
540℃,set both the tilting burner control and the reheater spray type desuperheater control at
Auto.
6.6.1When the rotating speed of A and B coal feeders exceeds 60%, according to the
combustion condition, stop the oil guns on AB layer in the sequence of #1, #3, #2 and #4
corner. All the oil guns retreat in 5 minutes of purge since shutdown and put the oil
recirculation into operation. Carry on desiliconization and proceed to raise load after the
silicon content is up to standard. When the combustion in the furnace is in good condition and
the operation of all the oil guns is stopped, contact the chief shift and notify the ash control
operator to put the ESP into operation.
6.6.2 When the rotating speed of A and B coal feeder reaches 70%, start the pulverizing
system on C layer. And increase the rotating speed of the coal feeders on C layer gradually, to
make it accord with the feeders on A and B layer. Set the coal control at Auto.
6.6.3 When the load reaches 80% （ 240MW ） , the main steam pressure reaches
17.3MPa.The main steam and reheated steam temperature is at the rated value of 541℃, and
check the leakage condition completely.
6.6.4 The air preheater soot blowing shifts from continuous soot blowing to normal periodical
one.
6.6.5 Carry out once soot blowing completely after combustion becomes stable.
6.6.6 Put the sector plate control of the air preheater into automatic operation.
6.6.7 Put the boiler into automatic operation based on the conditions.
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6.7.1 Raise the temperature and pressure according to the startup curve, and carry on
increasing load.
6.7.2 Add another pulverizer in operation depending on the rotating speed condition of the
coal feeder.
6.7.3 When the load reaches 300MW, check the boiler completely.
6.7.4 After the overall check shows no abnormality, report to the chief shift and the startup is
accomplished.
6.8 Notices for Increasing Load:
6.8.1 Monitor the drum water level, to control the water lever fluctuating within the range of
±50mm of the normal water level.
6.8.2 In the process of startup, the rising rate of the saturation temperature
should be controlled within the following ranges.
Drum pressure（MPa） 0～3.43 3.43～17
Temperature rising
2.8～3.7 ＜5
rate（℃/MPa）
In the process of raising pressure, detect the silicon content of the boiler water regularly.
Regulate the opening of the continuous blowdown valve and pressure rising speed in time.
When the silicon content exceeds the prescribed standard, stop raising pressure, and carry out
desiliconization, carry out reduced pressure operation if necessary.
Chapter 3 Normal Operation and Maintenance of the Boiler
1. Routine maintenance and seasonal preventive measures

1.1 General provisions for routine maintenance
1.1.1 Routine maintenance work and requirements
1.1. 1.1 Round inspection should be carried out on schedule. When round inspection is
underway, necessary implements and protection appliances should be carried and careful
watching, touching, smelling and hearing should be done to verify that every operating
and standby device is in normal condition, and make comparisons between the central
control gauge and the local gauge to see whether they match. If any abnormal condition is
found, reasons should be found out and measures should be taken to maintain normal
operation of the boiler.
1.1.1.2 The gauge should be recorded every hour sharp when in central control and it should
be recorded every two hours sharp when in round inspection in order to carry out analysis and
comparison of all the parameters. If the parameters deviate from the normal values, reasons
should be found out and corresponding measures should be taken and report to the chief shift.
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1.1.1.3 If any fault is found, execute according to the relevant prescriptions in Fault
Management System and take necessary preventive measures. As for the faults which may
influence the safety and economical operation of the boiler or its equipment and system, they
should be recorded and the failure predictions should be done. It is supposed to report all the
above to the chief shift.
1.1.1.4 Periodic switches and tests should be finished according to the requirements in
Periodic Switches and Tests System of Equipment.
1.1.1.5 Check regularly and make sure that the bearing oil level and oil quality of auxiliary
machines should be normal. The oil should be added or changed in time.
1.1.1.6 Cooperate with the chemical personnel to monitor and make sure that the quality of
bioler water, feedwater, main steam, reheated steam and the quality of lubrication oil of every
auxiliary machine are eligible.
1.1.1.7 Finish other relevant works assigned by the superior leaders.
1.1.2 Listening inspection of the rotary equipment should be carried out under the following
conditions.
1.1.2.1 Before taking over the shift.
1.1.2.2 Before handing over the shift.
1.1.2.3 Round inspection.
1.1.2.4 Condition is changed and the equipment is abnormal.
1.1.3 Regulate the operation parameters of the boiler, every equipment and
system in time;
1.1.3.1 According to dispatching requirements, regulate boiler load in time to
meet the outside load requirements.
1.1.3.2 Regulate the boiler combustion in time to maintain normal steam
temperature and steam pressure and keep the evaporation capacity within the
rated value.
1.1.3.3 Regulate the cooling water quantity according to every equipment
temperature conditions of oil, air and water in order to keep the temperature
within the normal range.
1.1.3.4 Monitor and regulate the parameters of other equipment and systems
within the normal range.
1.1.4 To keep the boiler under economical operation, the following items
should be done:
1.1.4.1 Make every effort to ensure that the boiler is in operation under the
rated condition.
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1.1.4.2 Analyze regularly and regulate timely every parameter to maintain that
the boiler is in operation under economical condition.
1.1.4.3 Regulate the boiler combustion properly, maintain the combustion as
stable as possible, reduce each heat loss and improve the boiler efficiency.
1.2 Seasonal preventive measures
1.2.1 Summer preventive measures
1.2.1.1 Carry out hot weather preventing and temperature reducing works
ensure that the air conditioning devices operate normally to create good
working conditions.
1.2.1.2 Because the temperature is high in summer, the monitoring of every
rotary device bearing temperature and the electric device temperature must be
intensified. As for the devices whose heat-dispersing conditions are poor,
temperature reducing measures (such as increasing cooling water quantity,
reducing cooling water temperature and arranging temporary draft equipment
and so on) should be taken.
1.2.1.3 Damp-proof work of the electric devices should be intensified in rainy
seasons. The parts that leak rain and water should be reported to the chief shift
in time. According to the weather forecast, conduct typhoon prevention and
flood prevention in time. Frequently check the existing water discharging
devices to make sure that they are intact and their output is normal.
1.2.2 Preventive measures in thunder storm seasons
1.2.2.1 Organize emergency rehearsal pertinently
1.2.2.2 Prediction failures of sudden burst accidents such as unit load rejection,
station service cutoff and co
oling water cutoff should be done. Make sure that every lightning protecting
device is put into normal operation.
2. Monitor the main operation parameters.
Variation Alarm
Item Unit ECR BMCR Trip Value
Range Value
Electricity load MW 300 315
Drum pressure MPa 18.52 19.6 20
Superheated steam t/h 913.6 1015
flow
Superheated steam MPa 17.4 18.3 ±0.2 18.5/16.4
pressure
Superheated steam ℃ 541 541 ±5 546/536
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Variation Alarm
Range Value
temperature
Reheated steam flow t/h 743.8 828.4
Reheated steam inlet MPa 3.55 3.63 4
pressure
Reheated steam outlet MPa 3.38 3.45 3.8
pressure
Reheated steam inlet ℃ 324.7 330.4
temperature
Reheated steam outlet ℃ 541 541 ＋5 546
temperature －10 531
Temperature ℃ 0—20
Difference of the
Reheated Steam two
sides
Low temperature ℃ 415.7 409.6
superheater vertical
sect outlet temperature
Low temperature ℃ 504
superheater tube wall
temperature
Dividing platen outlet ℃ 446.6 448.6
temperature
Tube wall temperature 482
of dividing platen
Rear platen outlet ℃ 507.2 504.8
temperature
Rear platen tube wall ℃ 558
temperature
Final superheater tube ℃ 576
wall temperature
Platen reheater tube ℃ 548/576
wall temperature
Feedwater ℃ 272 279
temperature
Drum water level Mm 0 O ±50 +125 +250
-200 -350
Furnace pressure Pa -40～-100 +996 +3240
-996 -2490
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Variation Alarm
Range Value
Pressure difference Pa ＞6500 7500 6500
between the primary
air pressure and
furnace pressure
Oxygen content % 4.2 4.2 4～6 6
Secondary air box Pa ＜900 ＜900
/furnace pressure
difference
Fuel oil pressure MPa 3.5 3.5 2.5～3.5 2.5 2.1
Scanning air /furnace 6000

Pa
pressure difference 1500
Soot blowing steam
main pressure of the MPa 3.1
boiler proper
Soot blowing steam
main pressure of the MPa 2.76
air preheater
Instrument air source
MPa ＞0.6 ＞O.6 0.6～O.8 0.55
pressure
Pulverizer outlet
℃ 77 77 66～88 93～66
temperature
Pulverizer milling
bowl pressure Pa ＜2240 ＜2240 ＜3250 3250
difference
Sealing air/coal
milling bowl pressure Pa ＞2000 ＞2000 1270 1270
difference
3. Boiler Operation Parameters Regulation
3.1 Overview
The stability of boiler operation parameters is closely related to the change
of both the outside load and inner factors of the boiler. If any of the above
factors changes, it will impact the stability and safety of the boiler operation.
Therefore a series of control and regulation of the boiler must be carried out to
make the boiler parameter match the changes of outside or inner factors and
accomplish safe and economical operation.
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3.2 Boiler load regulations

3.2.1 Boiler load regulations usually adopt coordinate control mode or boiler
follow mode. Only when coordinate control system fails or to meet the
requirements of actual operating conditions, can the boiler basic automatic
mode be adopted to regulate the load.
3.2.2 The load change rate should not be too large, and in normal situation it
should be controlled at about 1% per minute (3MW/min) with the maximum
not exceeding 2% per minute (not including emergency situations). High and
low limited values of the load should be set.
3.2.3 When the load increasing and decreasing extent is very large, the
regulation should be carried out by stages. It should meet the requirements of
Load Changing (increasing or decreasing) Operating Curve to make sure that
the boiler operates safely and other operation requirements are met.
3.2.4 When the boiler load is increasing or decreasing, attention should be paid
to the corresponding changes of steam temperature, steam pressure and rotating
speed of the coal feeders. Air flow and furnace negative pressure should be
regulated in time.
3.2.5 During the process of the boiler load increasing or decreasing, when there
is a need to start up or shut down the pulverizers or other devices, preparations
must be made in advance in order to operate startup and shutdown in time.
3.2.6 During the process of boiler load changing, if the automatic regulation
device fails, regulations should be made manually according to different
requirements in order to keep the operating condition stable.
3.2.7 Monitor and regulate all the water levels and temperatures to the normal
range in order to match the boiler load change.
3.3 Boiler Combustion Regulation
3.3.1 The purpose of combustion regulation is to ensure that the steam
temperature, steam pressure and evaporation capacity are stable and normal,
the combustion is stable, the combustion center is proper, the flames are
distributed evenly, the air distribution is proper, the slagging is avoided and so
on, thus keeping the boiler operation highly economical.
3.3.2 Main contents and methods of the regulation
3.3.2.1 Establish proper distributing ratio of primary air, secondary air and
peripheral air according to the coal quality in order to rganize a good
combustion condition in the furnace. Control and regulate primary air,
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secondary air and peripheral air to meet the proper air distribution requirements
based on design coal (or actual firing coal), monitor the air flow ratio of the left
side and the right side, regulate and eliminate air flow derivation in time.
(When desig n coal is in combustion (BMCR), the main design parameters of
the burner can be referred to the combustion equipment manual.)
3.3.2.2 Check the furnace combustion condition regularly and observe the
firing condition of the pulverized coal, to find out whether there are phenomena
of gas flow deflexion and flushing to the furnace wall.
3.3.2.3 Monitor the flue gas temperature derivation of the left side and right
side in the furnace outlet.
3.3.2.4 Pay attention to the air leaking condition in the boiler operation. In
normal operation, all the doors and holes should be closed tightly.
3.3.2.5 According to the analysis of run coal, master the coal quality change in
time and take corresponding measures.
3.3.2.6 The regulation of the secondary air should be carried out to meet the
optimum excessive air coefficient of the economizer outlet and the distribution
of auxiliary air, fuel air and top secondary air. The excessive air coefficient of
furnace outlet is 1.25 when in full load.
3.3.2.7 When regulating the boiler load, pay attention to the match of air-coal
ratio. When the load change is not large, the coal feeder rotating speed can be
regulated and the regulation extent is not suitable to be very large in order to
reduce the influence on combustion. When the load change extent is large, it is
supposed to start up or shut down the pulverizers.
3.3.2.8 During combustion regulation, attention should also be paid to the
working medium temperature change of superheaters and preheaters in every
portion in order to avoid overtemperature of the tube wall. Pay attention to the
furnace slagging condition: if slagging is found, it should be removed in time
and periodic sootblowing of the water wall should be carried out; when the
slagging is severe, the boiler load should be reduced.
3.3.2.9 When the combustion is not stable, sootblowing and slagging removing
of the water wall should be stopped and oil guns should be put into operation to
make the combustion stable.
3.3.2.10 When regulating the steam pressure, in the process of steam pressure
rising, coal quantity should be reduced in advance. When the steam pressure
tends to be stable, coal quantity should be increased properly to make the steam
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pressure stable and keep it from dropping. If the steam pressure is too high,
reduce the coal in large quantity, at the same time, reduce the air quantity, if the
cooperation is not good, instead, the steam pressure will increase instantly.
3.3.2.11 Proper pulverized coal fineness should be maintained according to the
actually fired coal quality. The opening of the separator baffle should be
regulated in time according to the chemical analysis. Under low load, the
fineness can be reduced properly to benefit the combustion.
3.3.2.12 In low load operation, less burners should be put into operation to
keep the pulverized coal concentration high. In high load operation, more
burners should be put into operation to make the heat flux inside the furnace
even and make the combustion stable.
3.3.2.13 Regularly check the working condition of the burners and deslag in
time. Special attention should be paid to combusting the coal with low
softening temperature (ST) in high load operation.
3.4 Steam Temperature Regulation
3.4.1 When the boiler is in normal operation, the main steam temperature and
reheated steam temperature should be strictly controlled within the normal
range.
3.4.2 During operation, the changing tendency of steam temperature curve
should be strictly monitored. Try to get rid of the factors that can influence the
steam temperature change, such as reducing the steam pressure changing rate
and the speed of load reducing and load increasing, and changing the operating
mode of the pulverizing system according to the coal quality change. Monitor
the wall temperature changing conditions of the superheaters and the reheaters
in every stage, regulate them in time to prevent the wall temperature from
exceeding the limited value.
3.4.3 Master the influences on the radiant superheater steam temperature from
the load changing, and properly use the attempering water flow of the first
stage and second stage.
3.4.4 Regulating means and methods of the main steam temperature.
3.4.4.1 When the main steam temperature is high, the following measures
should be adopted in turn to regulate it.
(1) Slowly turn up the attempering water and observe the temperature change
of the attemperator outlet. Pay attention that the attempering water should not
be added or decreased with a rush.
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(2) Lower down the combustion center. For example, shut down the burners
in the upper layers(groups), put the burners in the lower layers（groups） into
operation, adjust the burner titling angle downwards and so on.
(3) Intensify soot blowing of the water wall and the economizers.
(4) Reduce the load and coal feeding quantity. When the combustion is not
stable, oil can be put into operation to support it.
(5) Under the condition of complete combustion, make every effort to reduce
air flow, or properly reduce the upper layers (groups) secondary air flow and
increase lower layers (groups) secondary air flow on the basis that the total air
quantity is constant.
3.4.4.2 When the main steam temperature is low, the following measures
should be adopted in turn to regulate it.
(1) Turn down the attempering water and observe that whether the
temperature in the attemperator outlet is normal.
(2) If the above measure doesn’t work, then properly elevate the combustion
center, such as putting the upper layer (group) burners into operation, adjusting
the burner tilting angle upwards and so on.
3.4.5 When the boiler load is under 10%BMCR, the attempering water of
superheaters and reheaters is forbidden to put into operation.
3.4.6 Regulating means and methods of reheated steam
3.4.7 Change the tilting angle of the burner jets
3.4.8 Change the excessive air coefficient (oxygen content).
3.4 9 If the above measures haven’t solved the problems, then start up the
reheater emergency spray when the steam temperature is high and increase
partial soot blowing of the reheaters when the steam temperature is low.
3.5 Feedwater regulation
3.5.1 Tasks of feedwater regulation
3.5.1.1 Adapt the feed water flow to the evaporation capacity that the unit load
needs.
3.5.1.2 Maintain the drum water level fluctuation within the range of ±50mm.
3.5.2 Methods for feed water regulation
3.5.2.1 When the boiler is in startup and in low load, single element regulation
of the drum water level is adopted. The feedwater goes into the boiler through
low load feed water pipes.
3.5.2.2 When the boiler load is more than 30%, three elements, that is, drum
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water level, feed water flow and main steam flow, are adopted to control the
rotating speed of the feed pump and to make the feed water go into the boiler
through the main feed water pipe.
3.5.2.3 When the drum water level increases because the manual regulation is
not proper, the water level can be reduced by turning up the continuous
blowdown valve.
3.5.2.4 After the feed water flow becomes continuous and stable, close the
recirculation valve of the economizer.
3.5.2.5 When the operating condition changes, the water level change should be
monitored strictly. If necessary, switch to manual operation.
3.5.2.6 When the boiler is in periodic blowdown, monitoring and regulation of
the water level should be intensified.
3.6 Steam quality control
3.6.1 As for the boiler outlet superheated steam quality guarantee value, refer to
the product manual.
3.6.2 Methods for steam quality regulation.
3.6.2.1 Ensure the quality of feedwater and boiler water.
3.6.2.2 Control the continuous blowdown valve and the periodic belowdown
valve to make sure that the salt concentration of boiler water is lower than
critical salt concentration under the steam parameters.
3.6.2.3 Keep the drum water level within the normal range of ±50mm and
monitor the drum water level change.
3.6.2.4 Avoid abrupt increase of the unit load and abrupt drop of steam
pressure.
3.7 Boiler soot blowing
The purpose of boiler sootblowing is to keep the heating surface clean and
gas duct expedite. In sootblowing, pay attention to the following items.
3.7.1 In sootblowing, properly increase the furnace negative pressure, keep the
load stable, and intensify the monitoring and regulation of steam pressure and
steam temperature.
3.7.2 The purge of the preheaters should be carried out once every shift. The
sootblowing of the rest heating surfaces can be done partly or completely based
on their cleanliness (the sootblowing of preheaters is supposed to be done both
before and after the heating surface sootblowing .)
3.7.3 Put the soot blowers into operation in the following sequence. When the
soot blowers are under the condition of full range control, their soot blowing
order is: air-preheater － furnace short retractable sootblower － horizontal gas
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flue long retractable sootblower－back-end flue long retractable sootblower－

air-preheater. The sootblowing of the gas duct should be done from front to rear
and from top to bottom along the gas flow.
3.7.4 The sootblowing should be done when the load is more than 70% BMCR
and the combustion is stable. If the load is too low in soot blowing, because of
the steam brought in, the furnace temperature is thus reduced, causing some
unburnt-out combustibles to deposit in the furnace corners and tube bunch of
heating surfaces arranged in the rear duct, which may result in furnace burst
combustion and reburning.
3.7.5 In the process of sootblowing, the manholes near the soot blower is not
permitted to be open to observe the combustion condition. When the furnace
combustion is not stable or MFT and RB act, the soot blowing work must be
stopped immediately.
3.7.6 The soot blower is strictly forbidden to be advanced into the furnace
when there is no steam flowing in. Before the soot blower is advanced to or
withdrawn from the furnace, the steam valve should be kept open and steam
should be kept to flow via the soot blower continuously to avoid damaging the
soot blower.
3.7.7 In the process of sootblowing, when the motor fails, the soot blower
should immediately retreat from the furnace manually. After it retreats, the
steam valve can be closed.
3.7.8 After soot blowing is over, it is supposed to close the steam source
draining and restore the furnace negative pressure in normal operation.
3.8 Boiler blowdown
3.8.1 In order to ensure the steam and water quality, and to avoid water wall
encrusting and drum priming, boiler blowdown must be carried out.
3.8.2 Boiler blowdown is divided into periodic blowdown and continuous
blowdown. Boiler continuous blowdown can not be stopped randomly. The
opening of the continuous blowdown regulation valve is determined by
chemistry. Periodic blowdown should be carried out according to the notice of
the chemistry attendant.
3.8.3 The boiler periodic blowdown should be carried out through periodic
blowdown regulating valve and it is forbidden to open the emergency draining
valve to conduct blowdown.
3.8.4 The opening of the continuous blowdown regulating valve should be
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determined by the requirement of the chemistry personnel.

3.8.5 Make sure that the devices of the blowdown system are intact and no one
is working around before the periodic blowdown.
3.8.6 Attention should be paid to the change of the drum water level when
periodic blowdown is underway.
3.8.7 It is suitable to carry out the periodic blowdown during low load
operation. Usually, every flow circuit blowdown should not be longer than 30s.
3.8.8 After the periodic blowdown is over, blowdown valve should be checked
to be closed tightly.
3.8.9 Periodic blowdown should be forbidden if the following conditions are
encountered.
3.8.9.1 The boiler is abnormal or fails (except high water level.)
3.8.9.2 The periodic blowdown system fails.
3.8.9.3 Feed pump starts up, shuts down or switches into operation.
3.8.9.4 When the load is increasing or reducing..
3.8.9.5 When the drum water level change is very great.
3.9 Stable combustion measures under boiler low load operation
It should be regarded as low load operation when the boiler load is under
50% of the rated load. During low load operation, attention must be paid to the
following items:
3.9.1 Monitoring of the automatic devices by instrument control should be
intensified. If the auto mode fails, switch to manual mode in time, and all of
this should be recorded carefully. Monitoring of the furnace flame, negative
pressure, steam temperature, steam pressure, and power should be intensified.
Prediction failures should be done to aviod the fire extinguishing caused by low
heat flux of the furnace.
3.9.2 In low load operation, as-fired coal should be acquainted with in time, its
volatile should not be less than 25%. If the weather is bad, the bunker entering
coal is required to be as dry as possible.
3.9.3 During low load operation the oil pump attendant should be notified in
time to keep the fuel oil pump operating. If the oil pressure can not be well
regulated automatically, switch to manual regulation to keep the oil pressure at
the prescribed value and to guarantee that the oil guns can be put into operation
anytime.
3.9.4 Sliding pressure operating mode is adopted by the boiler during low load
operation.
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3.9.5 During low load operation, if the combustion is unstable, oil should be
put in operation in time. Before the oil is put in operation, pay attention to the
pulverizer operating levels and make sure that 3/4 flames of the oil guns are
verified. Avoid MFT caused by putting oil into operation improperly.
3.9.6 Oxygen content should be controlled at 5% during low load operation. If
the automatic regulation of the pulverizer's secondary air regulating damper is
abnormal, manual regulation or the method of shutting down one pulverizer
can be adopted to prevent a too large primary air flow.
3.9.7 The number of the operating pulverizers should be determined by the
load. When 3 pulverizers are needed to operate according to the load, 2
adjacent pulverizers should be kept in operation and the rotating speed of their
coal feeders should be＞50% , the other coal feeder is set for regulation. If the
load is lower than 50%, 2 adjacent pulverizers should be kept in operation and
cross layer operation is forbidden.
3.9.8 If the load is to be reduced in low load operation, the load reduction rate
should be controlled under 1.1% /min.
3.9.9 When under low load operation, the coal quantity inside the pulverizers is
relatively less and the pulverizer vibration is relatively large, it is supposed to
notify the round inspection to intensify the inspection of the pulverizers. If
anything abnormal is found out, regulate or exchange the operating pulverizers
in time.
3.9.10 During low load operation, the sootblowing of boiler heating surface is
forbidden.
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Chapter 4 Boiler Shutdown

1.The Modes and Principles of Boiler Shutdown
1.1 The Modes and Principles of Boiler Shutdown
Boiler shutdown is caused by various reasons. Some are preplanned and
normal, while some are forced due to the defects of the unit or faults. In this
case, the modes of the boiler shutdown are generally classified into two
categories, namely, the normal shutdown and the emergency shutdown. Normal
shutdown can also be divided into two kinds, namely, boiler shutdown to cold
standby and boiler shutdown to hot standby.
1.1.1 Boiler shutdown to cold standby means that the boiler cools to the
surrounding temperature for standby or overhaul after shutdown, which is the
so-called normal shutdown. This mode generally adopts sliding pressure to shut
down the boiler, that is, decreasing the fuel quantity gradually along with the
reduction of the turbine load and ensuring the temperature, pressure and flow
of the main steam are suited with the turbine requirements, until the turbine is
shut down and the boiler fire is extinguished.
1.1.2 Boiler shutdown to hot standby is arranged based on the requirements of
the load dispatching or urgent overhaul. This requires that after the boiler
shutdown the metal temperature of the boiler and turbine is kept at a rather high
level, in order to operate according to the hot or extreme hot state when
restarting so as to shorten the startup time. This mode generally adopts constant
pressure for shutdown.
1.1.3 The emergency shutdown means that the boiler is forced to be shut down
due to the malfunction of the unit, for example, the damages to the heating
surface of the boiler proper, serious faults of the auxiliary systems, or the
failures and defects of turbine and the electric power system, etc. The fuel must
be cut off under the working load, in order to make the boiler stop generating
steam swiftly.
2. Preparations for Shutdown
2.1 Carry out a thorough check of the fuel oil system. Make sure that the oil
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system operates well, and both the oil temperature and pressure are normal.
Check the oil guns one by one. The oil circuit should be expedite and the
atomization should be in good condition, in order to be put into operation at
any moment.
2.2 Check the coal reserve in the raw coal bin. Make requirements of stopping
conveying coal to the raw coal bin according to the shutdown time. And figure
out corresponding measures according to the shutdown days.
2.3 Carry out a thorough sootblowing to each heating surface before shutdown.
2.4 Verify the upper and lower water level before the boiler shutdown, and
carry out one periodic blowdown.
2.5 Remove the cinder from the furnace hopper completely.
2.6 Check all the automatic regulating systems to ensure that they are in normal
condition.
2.7 Carry out a overall check of the boiler proper. Keep detailed records of the
equipment defects which cannot be eliminated during the operation, so as to get
rid of them after the boiler shutdown.
3. Boiler shutdown to cold standby
In the whole process of the boiler shutdown, the reduction of the boiler
load and steam parameters is carried out according to the turbine requirements.
On the basis of the requirements of reducing the turbine load, gradually weaken
the combustion rate and reduce the load, pressure and steam temperature of the
boiler.
3.1 Load Decreasing from 100% to 50%
3.1.1 Keep the superheated and reheated steam temperature as stable as
possible. If there are difficulties, then reduces the temperature as the
combustion rate decreases.
3.1.2 Reduce the load at the rate of load change which is not higher than
1%（3MW）per minute.
3.1.3 Gradually reduce the main steam pressure of the boiler at the speed of
0.1MPa per minute, along with the reduction of the load. Switch the main
steam temperature, reheated steam temperature and attemperating water from
automatic operation to manual operation. In the process of sliding pressure, pay
attention to the combustion changes in the boiler and put oil guns into
operation timely to stabilize combustion.
3.1.4 Stop the operation of pulverizing system according to conditions, and
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gradually reduce coal feeding quantity according to the load decreasing

condition. When shut down coal pulverizers, stop the ones of the upper layer
(group) at first. At last purge the pulverized coal pipe system cleanly.
3.1.5 Carry out once sootblowing to the air preheater.
3.2 Load Decreasing from 50% to Boiler Parallel-off
3.2.1 The superheated and reheated steam temperature is reduced along with
the reduction of combustion rate.
3.2.2 Carry on decreasing the quantity of pulverized coal in combusting. At the
same time increase oil guns correspondingly until all of them are put into
operation. Shut down the primary air fan after coal transfers to oil.
3.2.3 After putting the oil guns into operation, put the continuous soot blowing
of the air preheater into operation.
3.2.4 When high pressure heaters are cut off from operation, pay attention to
the change of the feedwater temperature and regulate the steam temperature
timely.
3.2.5 When the load decreases to about 35%, manually control the following
operations:
3.2.5.1 The attemperating water quantity of the superheater.
3.2.5.2 The attemperating water quantity of the reheater.
3.2.5.3 The tilting angle of the burner.
3.2.6 Matching up to the reduction of the load and pressure, decrease the
operation of oil guns gradually.
3.2.7 After the generator is paralleled off and the main stop valve of the turbine
is closed to shut the turbine down, open the recirculating valve of the
economizer.
3.3 Boiler Extinguishing
3.3.1 Operate the boiler MFT manually, and turn up the fuel oil recirculating
valve.
3.3.2 If the oil system needs overhaul, carry out the purge of the oil pipes.
3.3.3 After the boiler is extinguished, open the secondary air of the lower two
layers, maintain 30% of the total air flow to carry out purging for 5 ～ 10
minutes. Manually decrease the air flow of the forced draft fan to the
permissive range (the axial flow fan should be prevented from entering the stall
zone to operate).Shut down one side of the forced and induced draft fan, and
keep the other side continue to operate until the gas temperature of the
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preheater inlet is lower than 200℃.When the gas temperature of the air
preheater inlet is lower than 150℃,the operation of the preheater can also be
stopped.
3.3.4 When the gas temperature of the furnace outlet is lower than 80℃, shut
down the flame detection cooling air fan.
3.3.5 Manually regulate the feedwater flow. Fill water to the drum to reach the
highest water level, then shut down the feedwater pump. Close the dosing
valve, sampling valve and continuous blowdown valve.
3.3.6 After the air fans are shut down, the gas temperature of the preheater
outlet should still be monitored. If detect that the gas temperature in this place
displays any abnormal rise, investigate the causes immediately. If the cause is
secondary combustion, then the preheater should be dealt with as fire fighting.
3.3.7 When the boiler water temperature and pressure is lower than
150℃，0.5MPa respectively, open all the drain valves to drain water from the
boiler completely. When the pressure decreases to be lower than 0.17MPa,
open all the vent valves on the boiler top.
4. Boiler Shutdown to Hot Standby
4.1 The boiler shutdown to hot standby is operated under the mode of constant
pressure. When the unit load is above 80%, gradually turn down the governor
valve, reduce the load, decrease the combustion in the boiler and keep the
pressure stable, the turbine maintain the main steam pressure automatically
with the gradual reduction of the boiler combustion rate. This is called constant
pressure decreasing load, and pay attention to that the superheat degree of both
the main steam and reheat steam are kept above 50℃. When the load is
reduced to about 5%, the boiler can be extinguished, and the turbine will be
tripped and shut down, or it can also be shut down after the steam generated by
the boiler residual heat is employed to generate a small portion of electricity.
4.2 The equipment transfer of this mode is the same as that of the sliding
pressure shutdown.
4.3 In order to maintain the boiler hot standby state, the drain valves and vent
valves of the superheater and the reheater should be closed after the boiler is
extinguished, to avoid the severe cooling of the boiler.
4.4 After the boiler is extinguished, shut down one side of the forced and
induced draft fans, and shut down the other side after 15 minutes’ operation.
Close all the flue gas and air baffle plates, seal the furnace for heat
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preservation, and the air preheater still carry on rotating.

5. Emergency Shutdown
5.1 Emergency Shutdown Requirements
The boiler emergency shutdown should be carried out under the following
circumstances.
5.1.1 MFT should operate but it refuses to act.
5.1.2 The boiler tubes explode and the normal water level cannot be maintained
in the boiler.
5.1.3 All the water level indicators are damaged and unable to monitor the
drum water level.
5.1.4 The reheated steam is interrupted.
5.1.5 The boiler steam and water pipes explode and threaten the equipment and
personal safety.
5.1.6 The secondary combustion occurs in the rear gas duct and the disposal is
failed.
5.1.7Explosion occurs in the furnace or the gas duct and makes the equipment
damage severely.
5.1.8 The boiler pressure exceeds the safety valve reacting pressure but none of
the safety valves react, and the electrical relief valve cannot be opened at the
same time.
5.1.9 The safety valves do not return after acting, and the pressure decreases
and the temperature changes beyond the permissive limit of the turbine.
5.1.10 The boiler is severely lacking in water, and any drum end water level of
drum water level indicator is lower than -350mm. The boiler is unable to
parallel off automatically.
5.1.11 The boiler is severely filled with water, and any drum end water level of
drum water level indicator is higher than +250mm. The boiler is unable to
parallel off automatically.
5.1.12 All the forced or induced draft fans are shut down.
5.1.13 Urgent personal safety occurs and the danger cannot be eliminated
unless the boiler is shut down.
5.2 Emergency Shutdown Operations
5.2.1 Press the manual MFT button simultaneously with two hands ( until MFT
reacts).
5.2.2 Switch all the automatic operations to the manual ones.
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5.2.3 Immediately shut down the forced draft fans and one induced draft fan.
Reset the switches of all the equipment which tripped, maintain the furnace
negative pressure, and shut down the other induced draft fan in 5～10 minutes.
5.2.4 Pay attention to maintaining the water level, closing the main valve of the
primary and secondary steam attemperating water, and stop periodic blowdown
and sootblowing.
5.2.5 If the boiler is shut down due to the tube explosion of the furnace, reserve
one induced draft fan in service and shut it down after the steam in the boiler
almost disappears. If the boiler is shut down due to the pipe explosion of the
economizer, it is forbidden to open the economizer recirculating. If secondary
combustion occurs in the gas duct, shut down the induced draft fans
immediately.
5.2.6 If the boiler cannot be started again, other operations of its shutdown are
carried out according to the normal shutdown orders. If it can recover in a short
time, make good preparations for the startup, according to the hot startup.
6. Notices for Boiler Shutdown.
6.1 During boiler shutdown, strictly control the drum wall temperature
difference. While the decreasing speed of the drum saturation temperature is
lower than 55℃ per hour, if the wall temperature difference exceeds the drum
protection limited value, then close all the drain valves until the temperature
difference is within the limited value.
6.2Before the boiler shutdown, a overall soot blowing of the boiler should be
carried out and this task should be finished before parallel off.
6.3 In the initial period of boiler shutdown, the gates and holes, ash handling
valves and flue gas duct baffles of the boiler should be all closed tightly, to
prevent a large amount of cold air from leaking into the boiler which makes the
boiler cool sharply.
6.4 To avoid the sharp cooling of the boiler, control the quantity and times of
drainage.
6.5 During the boiler cooling, the drum water level should be maintained at the
highest visible water level.
7. Boiler Forced Cooling (Conducted When Repairs Required after Boiler
Shutdown)
After the boiler is extinguished, maintain 30% of ventilating quantity and
purge the furnace for 5 minutes, then shut down one side of forced draft fans
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and induced draft fans and keep the other side carry on operating.
7.1 When the gas temperature of the air preheater inlet decreases to 200℃, one
group of forced and induced draft fans can still be reserved to operate. The
cooling speed is controlled by means of the control of the forced draft quantity
and it can also be accelerated by means of increasing the times of water filling
and draining.
7.2 Maintain the highest visible water level of the drum.
7.3 Control the main steam drain or other drains to control the speed of
pressure relief. The boiler water temperature decreasing rate should be
controlled at around 30℃/h.
7.4 The boiler water can be drained when the water temperature decreases
below 150℃.
7.5 When the drum pressure decreases to 0.17MPa, open all the vent valves on
the boiler top.
7.6 After the boiler pressure relief, keep one induced draft fan carry on
operating, to ventilate and cool the boiler.
8. Boiler Storage after Shutdown
8.1 Principles of Boiler Storage
After the boiler shutdown, the task of corrosion prevention should be carried
out seriously no matter during standby or during overhaul.
8.1.1 When the operating equipment works as short-time standby within 10
days and are ready for startup whenever necessary, the storage should be
carried out in the way of heating and charging pressure.
8.1.2 When the operating equipment is in major overhaul, in minor overhaul or
works as standby for more than ten days, the storage should be carried out in
the way of draining with pressure and drying by the residual heat.
8.1.3 When the operating equipment is shifted to be longer-term standby for
more than one month, the storage should be carried out in the way of
hydrazine-ammonia liquor. If the pressure-bearing parts of the boiler are at
good seal condition, the storage can be carried out in the way of filling
nitrogen.
8.1.4 The cold boiler should not be transferred to dry corrosion prevention. If it
is unavoidable, the pressure should not be reduced until the boiler is ignited and
the pressure is raised to 30% of the rated pressure. The storage can be carried
out in the way of drying by the residual heat.
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8.2The Means of Maintenance

8.2.1 Wet storage:
Based on the storage terms of the boiler, the storage of each pressure-bearing part is carried
out according to the following table.
pressure-bearing Main
Economizer + Water Superh Rehe
parts steam
wall eater ater
Storage terms pipes
short-term Within one Full water + nitrogen Filling No Filling
week raising pressure nitroge dispo nitrog
N2H4=200mg/L n sal en
NH3=10mg/L
One week Full water + nitrogen Filling Fillin Filling
to one raising pressure nitroge g nitrog
month N2H4=300mg/L n nitro en
NH3=10mg/L gen
One month Full water + nitrogen Filling Fillin Filling
to six raising pressure nitroge g nitrog
long-term
months N2H4=700mg/L n nitro en
NH3=10mg/L gen
More than Full water + nitrogen Filling Fillin Filling
six months raising pressure nitroge g nitrog
N2H4=1000mg/L n nitro en
NH3=10mg/L gen
After the hydraulic test is initially carried out, the economizer, water wall,
superheater and reheater is overflowed with water, and the pressure of nitrogen
filled to the boiler reaches 0.034MPa.
8.2.2 Dry storage:
When the boiler drum pressure decreases to 0.5MPa and the boiler water
temperature decreases to 150℃, drain water from the boiler, and make use of
the residual heat to dry the boiler in order to prevent the corrosion occurrence.
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Chapter5 Startup, Shutdown, Operation and Maintenance of Boiler

Auxiliary Equipment and System
1. General Provisions of Boiler Auxiliary Equipment Operation：
1.1 Inspections Before Equipment Commission
1.1.1 If there are any abnormal operations after general overhaul and minor
overhaul, it is necessary to submit a report of abnormal operations for the
operators to verify the condition of equipment after the alteration.
1.1.2 Before equipment commission, check and make sure that related
overhauls are finished, overhaul work-order cards are all done and that safety
precautions are restored.
1.1.3 Check and make sure that the safety casings of the equipment are intact
and anchor bolts are connected firmly. Check and make sure that envelope
ground connections of motor and cable are intact, the motor connections are
correct and that the isolation is qualified. Check and make sure that all the
monitor gauges and protective devices are put into operation correctly. The
system should have met all the conditions of commission once the electricity
power is supplied.
1.1.4 Before the commission of rotary machine, check and make sure that the
oil level of the bearing is normal and the oil quality of the bearing is also good,
and that the turning gear of the rotating parts are flexible.
1.1.5Check and make sure that pressure of cooling water main and sealing
water main are normal, put the cooling water and sealing water of auxiliary
equipment into operation and adjust their flow to the normal value.
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1.1.6 Check and make sure that the tests of equipment interlock, protection and
switch driving are in good condition.
1.1.7 As to the equipment commission after overhaul, the operators should
acquaint themselves with its requirements, its scope as well as the related
measures or prescriptions. Any operation of equipment commission should be
considered to avoid influences on the safety of other equipment and systems.
1.1.8 Carry out inspections of the equipment according to the “Equipment
inspections cards” to make sure that there is nothing abnormal and the power
switch is on the open position, then contact to energize.
1.2 Equipment commission and Inspections after Equipment
commission
1.2.1 After the rotary equipment switch closes, pay attention to the startup
current and startup time from the monitor video. Stop the operation of the
equipment immediately if any abnormality is detected.
1.2.2 During the equipment startup, take it into account that the busbar load is
distributed as evenly as possible and avoid simultaneously starting two and
more than two rotary machines with 6.6KV power on one busbar.
1.2.3 When there are no particular prescriptions on the rotary machine bearing
temperature, sliding bearing temperature shouldn’t be over 80℃ and the rolling
bearing temperature shouldn’t be over 95℃.Under the circumstance that there
is no monitoring of the bearing temperature detecting point, consider the heat
transfer temperature difference of the bearing shell temperature according to
the form of the gearbox.
1.2.4 When there no specific prescriptions on bearing vibration of the rotary
machine in the rotary equipment regulations, operate according to the following
table
Permissible value of bearing vibration
Rotating 750 and
3000 1500 1000
speed（rpm） below
Permissible double
amplitude 0.05 0.085 0.10 0.12
value（mm）
1.2.5 Check and make sure that grease-box oil level and gearbox oil level are
normal, the pressure, flow and temperature of the lubricating oil supply are
normal, and that there is no leak in lubricating oil system and bearing.
1.2.6 Check and make sure that no friction and unusual noises occur in the
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rotary machine proper and the motor internal.

1.2.7 Check and make sure that rotary machine and system operational
parameter are in normal operation range, system regulation devices operate
normally and that there is no alarm in operational parameter.
1.2.8 Check and make sure that related systems operate normally. After the
operation of rotary equipment, check and make sure that electrical heating of
the motor stops automatically.
1.2.9 If rotary equipment trips after startup, compulsory startup is forbidden
before the reasons are investigated and handled.
1.2.10 As to rotary machine that has particular requirements for startup and
operation, it is necessary to carry out startup and inspections according to the
specific equipment operation regulations.
1.3 Operation and Maintenance of Boiler Auxiliary Equipment
1.3.1 When the auxiliary equipment is in normal operation, inspections and
maintenance should be carried out according to the designated round
inspections path and requirements. Defects must be reported and handled in
time once they are detected.
1.3.2 Periodic shift and test of the equipment should be carried out according to
the prescriptions.
1.3.3 Periodic oil-filling ， oil change and preventive maintenance of the
equipment should be carried out according to the prescriptions. Abnormality of
equipment operation, if detected, should be handled as soon as possible.
1.3.4 When there are unsolvable defects in equipment operation, the equipment
should be stopped and overhauled as soon as possible; when the equipment
with defects is in operation, monitoring and round inspections should be
intensified; when the defects enlarging tendency is evident, that should be
reported immediately; when the further enlargement of the defects may cause
equipment damaging and person injuring, the equipment should be stopped
immediately; when the equipment with defects is in operation, it is forbidden to
remove the protection of the equipment .
1.4 Boiler Auxiliary Equipment Shutdown
1.4.1 Contact the related posts before auxiliary equipment shutdown, think over
the impact of shutdown on the related systems or equipment and take
corresponding safety precautions.
1.4.2 Auxiliary equipment shutdown should be carried out according to the
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logic of auxiliary equipment stop.

1.4.3 Quit interlocks before auxiliary equipment shutdown, take the
interlocking relations of the equipment and the system into overall
consideration, and avoid mis-trip of other equipment after auxiliary equipment
shutdown.
1.4.4 There should be no reversion after auxiliary equipment shutdown. If it
happens, the outlet valve should be closed to eliminate reversion. It is
forbidden to adopt the way of closing the inlet valve to eliminate reversion.
1.4.5 After the shutdown of the rotary machine motor with electrical heating,
make sure that electrical heating devices of the motor starts automatically.
1.5 Shutdown Operations of Auxiliary Equipment or System for
Overhaul
1.5.1 Overhaul of system or equipment should be approved by the chief shift
and the overhaul work-order cards should be completed.
1.5.2 Make the measures ready for power supply break, pressure relief and
isolation of equipment.
1.5.3 Cut off the driven power and control power of the equipment under
repair.
1.5.4 Close the pump outlet valve and make sure that it is closed tightly.
1.5.5 Close the pump inlet valve and the vent valve of the inlet pipe .In the
process of closing the inlet valve, especially when it is near full close, closely
monitor the inlet pressure gauge and operate slowly to prevent the low pressure
pipe and flange of the inlet part from being damaged by over-pressure because
of the isolation valves such as the outlet valve etc. which are connected with
the high pressure system are not fully closed.
1.5.6 Close the inlet and outlet valves of the bearing cooling water, open the
drain valve and the vent valve of the pump to relieve the pressure to zero.
1.5.7 Make the measures ready for safety precautions, the safety nameplate and
warning plate have been hanged according to the requirements of the work-
order cards.
1.6 Faults Handling of Rotary Machine
1.6.1 The failed rotary machine should be stopped immediately when any of
the following circumstances occurs.
1.6.1.1 The equipment vibrates intensely.
1.6.1.2 The emergencies that directly threaten the safety of humans and
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equipment occur.
1.6.1.3 There are clear sounds of metal friction or clash in the equipment
internal.
1.6.1.4 The motor is on fire or smoking.
1.6.1.5 Motor current overruns suddenly and is unable to be restored. There are
unusual sounds inside the equipment.
1.6.1.6 Bearing is smoking or the temperature increases sharply and exceeds
the limited value.
1.6.1.7 Motor is submerged.
1.6.1.8 The operation parameters exceed the certain protection value but the
protection refuses to act.
1.6.2 Start the standby rotary machine first and then stop the failed rotary
machine when any of the following conditions occurs.
1.6.2.1 The water is vaporized inside the centrifugal pump and the pump can’t
pump water or the fan is in undercapacity.
1.6.2.2 The gland seal is smoking or leaking in great amount and the situation
doesn’t improve after adjustment.
1.6.2.3Bearing temperature exceeds the alarm value and tends to continue to go
up.
1.6.3 When auxiliary equipment trips because of faults, the solutions are as
follows
1.6.3.1 After the operating auxiliary equipment trips and the standby auxiliary
equipment is put into operation in normal interlock startup, the operating
switch of the interlock-started auxiliary equipment and the tripped auxiliary
equipment should be reset, and check the related interlocking action of the
tripped auxiliary equipment and make sure that the interlock-started auxiliary
equipment operates normally.
1.6.3.2 When the operating auxiliary equipment trips and the standby auxiliary
equipment fail in interlock startup, start the standby auxiliary equipment
immediately.
1.6.3.3When the operating auxiliary equipment trips and the standby auxiliary
equipment fails to be started or no standby auxiliary equipment is available, the
tripped auxiliary equipment can be started compulsorily for once if no evident
faults are found after checking the tripped auxiliary equipment. After the
compulsory startup is successful, find out the reasons for the trip, if the
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compulsory startup fails, it is not allowed to start again, here it is necessary to

confirm the extent of the impact of this auxiliary equipment shutdown on the
major equipment's normal operation and then adopt measures of partial
isolation and reducing load. The fault shutdown of the major equipment should
be carried out if the normal operation can not be maintained.
1.6.4 Regular faults handling of the rotary machine
1.6.4.1 Bearing vibrates intensely
Reasons：
(1) After the overhaul, the couplings of the motor and the rotary machine are
not concentric.
(2) Dynamic balance is broken because rotary part counterweight has fallen
off, the blade is broken, the wearing is uneven, and the induced draft fan blade
is extremely uneven or deposits ash.
(3) The bearing is broken or the bearing isolation is broken down. Oil film is
damaged by motor flux leakage and current going through the bearing.
(4) The anchor bolt is loose or the groundsill is unsteady ,the groundsill is
sunken，and the shaft horizontal level of the rotary machine changes .
(5) The oil temperature is too high or too low or the oil quality doesn't accord
with the required characteristics.
( 6) The squirrel-cage bar of motor is broken.
(7) The frictions of dynamic and static parts are caused by the deformed rotor,
the narrow clearance of thermal expansion and the accessories falling off.
（ 8 ） The vibration existing in the system that is connected to the rotary
machine causes exciting vibration to the rotary machine.
(9) The fan works in stall region or begins surging owing to severe overload.
Solutions:
(1) If the vibration caused by the original defects of the equipment is within
the permissible value but can’t be eliminated in operation, stop the equipment
as soon as possible to handle the problems. When the equipment with defects is
in operation, monitoring and round inspections should be intensified. If the
vibration is over the permissible value, stop the equipment immediately to
avoid equipment damages.
(2) If the equipment vibration value goes up sharply and the bearing
temperature rises or there are unusual noises inside the bearing, stop the rotary
machine immediately. It is forbidden to relieve the protection of vibration and
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bearing temperature high during the equipment operates with defects.

(3) If the connected system vibrates, consider to eliminate the vibration
sources first and to solve the problems aiming at the causes.
（4）The operating condition of the fan should be adjusted in time if the fan
loses speed or surges so as to eliminate the vibration.
（ 5 ） It is necessary to reduce the load of the rotary machine or start the
standby rotary machine according to the situation if the rotary machine
overloads severely.
（ 6 ） If the lubricating oil temperature is abnormal or the lubricating oil is
unqualified, the defects can be eliminated through adjusting the cooling water
quantity or changing the lubricating oil.
1.6.4.2 Rotary machine bearing temperature is high
Reasons:
(1) The bearing is broken.
(2) The clearance between every bearing shell of the rotary machine is
adjusted not uniformly, causing some bearing shells to be overloaded.
(3) The oil ring of the gearbox is damaged.
(4) The bearing isolation is broken down. The oil film is damaged by the
motor flux leakage and current going through the bearing.
(5) The rotary machine vibrates intensely or it is overloaded.
(6) The lubricating oil deteriorates because of emulsification or containing
impurities.
(7) The lubricating supplied oil temperature is high and the cooling water
temperature is high.
(8) The lubricating oil flow rate is low, the bearing box oil level is too high or
too low, and the dry oil is exhausted in the bearing which uses dry oil to
lubricate.
Solutions:
(1) If the high bearing temperature caused by the original defects of the
equipment is within the permissible value and can’t be eliminated in operation,
stop the equipment as soon as possible to handle the problems. When the
equipment with defects is in operation, monitoring and round inspections
should be intensified. If the high bearing temperature is over the permissible
value, stop the equipment immediately to avoid equipment damages.
(2) If the bearing temperature goes up sharply or unusual noises come out from
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the bearing internal, stop the rotary machine immediately. Relief of the bearing
temperature high protection is forbidden when the equipment with defects is in
operation.
(3)When the lubricating oil deteriorates or contains impurities consider to
filtrate or change it.
(4) If the supplied oil temperature is high, check and make sure that electrical
heater of the oil station has actually quitted. Check whether the cooling water
flow of the lubricating oil cooler is sufficient or not, whether the lubricating oil
cooler encrusts or not, and whether the cooling water temperature is high or
not. After finding out the causes, handle the problems aiming at the causes.
(5) If the cooling water temperature is high, check the cooling water system
and handle the problems. It is necessary to reduce the load of the rotary
machine or start the standby rotary machine according to the situation if the
rotary machine overloads severely.
（6）If the lubricating oil flow is low, check whether the dynamic, static parts
of the lubricating oil pump are worn or not, whether the oil pump outlet
overflow valve is located normally, whether the outlet check valve of the
standby lubricating oil pump is closed tightly or not, whether the filter is
blocked or not, whether the oil level is normal or not, whether the oil inlet
valve opening is too small or whether it is blocked by impurities or not
,whether the oil return valve opening of the oil pipe is too big or not. Handle
the problems after detecting the above reasons .The bearing lubricated by
grease needs regular grease make-up according to the regulations. For the
bearing which uses the grease, make up grease periodically according to the
prescription and check whether the makeup pipe is blocked or not before
making up the grease.
1.6.4.3 The water pump doesn’t pump
Reasons:
(1) High pump inlet pipe has leakage points or the gland packing leakage is
serious.
(2) The pump impeller is damaged or the clearance between the dynamic and
static part is too big.
(3) The coupling bolts of the pump and the motor are fractured.
(4) The pump motor is reverse.
(5) The inlet valve or the outlet valve of the pump is in close state.
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(6) Sufficient water hasn’t been infused into the pump before the pump
startup.
(7) The water level of the inlet water tank is low.
（ 8 ） The actuating medium temperature of the pump is higher than the
medium saturation temperature under the corresponding pressure, causing
vaporization in the pump inlet.
(9) When in parallel operation, the main pressure is higher than the outlet
pressure of the starting pump 。
Solutions:
(1) If there are mechanical defects in the pump, carry out overhaul.
(2) If the motor reverses, stop the pump immediately. After motor isolation,
carry out phase modifying for the motor connection.
(3) Open the inlet valve before pump startup, open the outlet valve after
pressure is established in the outlet.
(4) Infuse sufficient water into the pump before startup, close the vent valve
only after continuous water flows out from it.
(5) Make up the water in water tank to the normal water level.
(6) Pump inlet evaporization can be accomplished by raising water level of
inlet water tank ， reducing medium temperature or by increasing pump inlet
pressure. If evaporization of the pump occurs under normal water temperature
and water level, the system must be remoulded. (Lower the pump installation
position or raise the water tank position, improve efficient cavitation
redundancy of the pump.)
2. Startup, Shutdown, Operation, and Maintenance of Boiler Auxiliary
Equipment and System
2.1 Operation and Maintenance of Pulverizing System
2.1.1 The primary air fan startup and shutdown
2.1.1.1 Before the primary air fan startup, check the following items
(1) The first primary air fan outlet damper is open
(2) The inlet regulating damper of the primary air fan is closed
（3）The primary air inlet and outlet damper of the air preheater is open
（ 4 ） At least one group of induced draft fan and forced draft fan is in
operation;
(5)The oil level, oil temperature and cooling water of the hydraulic coupling
are normal;
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(6) The oil level of the fan bearing is normal.

(7) At least one pulverizer is in ventilated condition.
2.1.1.2 The primary air fan startup
(1) Carry out overall inspections on the equipment. No anchor bolts and
coupling are loose and the coupling safety guard is installed firmly。
(2) Put the cooling water into operation, regulate the water flow to the normal
value and check that the return water is expedite.
(3) Check and make sure that the motor bearing temperature, the winding
temperature and the fan bearing temperature are all normal.
(4) Hand-turn the rotor for several rounds and there should be no friction and
clash between the dynamic and static parts。
(5) Check and make sure that the motor isolation is qualified and the ground
connection is fine.
(6) Open A/B air preheater outlet hot primary air fan damper and A/B
primary air cold air damper，close A/B seal air fan inlet damper.
(7) Close the hydraulic coupling scoop of A/B primary air fan to the smallest
position.
(8) Close A/B primary air fan outlet damper.
(9) Check and make sure that the oil level and oil temperature of the
hydraulic coupling are normal.
(10) Start the main motor. Shut it down manually if any operational parameter
exceeds limited value.
(11) Open the inlet regulating damper of the primary air fan to full opening.
(12) Open the primary air fan outlet damper.
(13) After normal startup and operation, adjust the hydraulic coupling scoop to
the appropriate position (Caution: it is not allowed to exceed motor rated
current.)
(14)When the air fan reaches full speed during the first startup, stop the air fan
by pressing the emergency button and observe whether there is any abnormity
and sounds of friction in every component. Start again only after confirming
that no problems exist.
2.1.1.3Primary air fan parallel operation
(1) When one air fan is in operation, start another air fan by means of parallel
operation. Close the outlet damper and the inlet regulating damper of the air fan
awaiting startup, and turn down the hydraulic coupling scoop opening to the
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smallest value. Start the air fan and when the motor reaches the rated rotating
speed, open the outlet damper and the inlet regulating damper, and regulate the
two air fan scoops to keep the primary air pressure stable, and regulate the
openings of the two air fan scoops to be consistent with the current.
(2) Stop one air fan from the two air fans in parallel operation. Turn up the
scoop opening of the operating air fan, turn down the scoop opening of the air
fan awaiting shutdown and when the scoop opening reaches zero, close the
inlet and the outlet regulating damper of the air fan awaiting shutdown and shut
down the main motor, and the primary air pressure should be kept stable in the
whole process.
2.1.1.4Inspection of operating primary air fan:
（ 1 ） When the primary air fan is in operation, it is necessary to regularly
check the temperatures of the air fan bearing and motor bearing are normal, the
causes should be found out immediately if detecting any abnormal temperature
rise .
（ 2 ） In normal operation, the output of the two primary air fans should be
kept as balanced as possible.
（ 3 ） The pressure difference between the primary air main and the furnace
should not be lower than 7.5kPa.
(4) Carry out periodic inspections of furnace fan bearing oil level.
（5）When failures occur in automatic devices of the primary air fan hydraulic
coupling scoop, change automatic to manual at once and strengthen the
inspections of operational parameters and notify the I&C personnel to try to
repair, the inlet regulating damper can be used to regulate if necessary.
（6）During the normal operation, carry out inspections to make sure that no
primary air fan parameters exceed limits.
（a）The current of the primary air fan motor is normal
(b)The air fan bearing vibration is within the regulated range.
(c) The bearing temperature is steady when the air fan is in operation, the
vibration value exceeds the value listed in 1.2.4 of this chapter, the temperature
shouldn’t exceed the following values:
Motor bearing shell temperature≤95℃；
Air fan bearing shell temperature≤100℃
(d) When the air fan is in operation, the motor winding temperature＜120℃。
(e) The oil temperature, oil pressure and oil level of the hydraulic coupling are
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normal.
2.1.1.5Primary air fan shutdown
(1) Adjust the hydraulic coupling scoop of the primary air fan to the lowest
position.
(2) Adjust the inlet regulating damper to the closed position.
(3) Cut off the main motor power supply.
(4) Close the outlet damper of the primary air fan.
2.1.2 Seal air fan startup and shutdown:
2.1.2.1 Before the seal air fan startup, check the following items:
(1) Finish the operation of inspection general provisions before the auxiliary
equipment and system startup (operation)
(2) The seal air fan inlet strainer is intact, its internal is clean, and the back
flushing pneumatic valve between the inlet strainer and the burner box is closed
and put into automation.
(3) The inlet isolation damper of the seal air fan manually opens at local.
2.1.2.2 Seal air fan startup：
(1) After the primary air fan startup, put one seal air fan into automatic
operation and it starts automatically, after the outlet pressure gets normal, put
the other seal air fan I&C interlock into automation.
(2)Normally, one seal air fan is in operation and the other is standby.
(3)The standby air fan should start automatically if the operating air fan trips
because of failure or pressure of seal air main is ＜8Kpa.
2.1.2.3 Seal air fan shutdown
Shut down the seal air fan after all the pulverizing systems stop.
2.1.3 Pulverizer startup and shutdown:
2.1.3.1 Before the pulverizer gearbox station startup, check the following
items:
(1) Check and make sure that overhaul of the lubricating oil station and the
pulverizer gearbox is finished and that the work-order cards are done.
（2）Check and make sure that oil level of the gearbox is in the middle scale
of dipstick ,observe through the dipstick that the oil quality is fine.
(3) Check and make sure that pipes of the lubricating oil system are
connected completely and there are no defects in the appearance of the
equipment.
(4) Check and make sure that all I&C detecting points of the lubricating oil
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station and the gearbox are already reset and all gauge indications are correct.
(5) Check that the I&C signal of single control and remote transmission is
normal.
(6) Check and make sure that the lubricating oil pump and the motor anchor
bolt are connected firmly, the coupling connections are done and the safety
guard is restored.
(7) Check and make sure that the connections of the oil pump motor and the
cooling water motor driven valve motor are intact, the connection box is
installed firmly ， ground connections of the motor and the electrical heater
cable are complete。
(8) Check and open the lubricating oil inlet valve, the gear box oil supply
valve , the cooling water return manual valve and the cooling water supply
manual valve of oil cooler, close the oil cooler and the strainer bypass valve,
and check that the transfer handle of the strainer isn’t in a middle position.
(9) Check and make sure that the switches and signal indicating lamp on the
oil station local control panel are intact and the automatic/manual switch of oil
pump and electrical heater is in the “manual” position.
(10) If there is nothing abnormal after checking, contact to energize the oil
pump and the electrical heater.
2.1.3.2Pulverizer gearbox oil station startup
(1) After the oil pump and the electrical heater have been energized, check
and make sure that indicating lights of the oil pump and the electrical heater in
local state show that the green lamp lights up and the red lamp goes out.
(2) Put the electrical heater temperature control into automatic operation.
When the oil temperature is lower than 10℃,the electrical heater operates
automatically. When it is over 20℃,the electrical heater stops automatically.
(3) Start the gearbox lubricating oil pump, check and make sure that the
operating oil pump and the vibration of the motor is not more than 0.1mm,there
are no unusual voices inside the motor and the pump, and that there is no oil
diffusion at the pump shaft-end.
(4) Check and make sure that there is no leakage in the lubricating oil system,
the bearing lubricating oil pressure is 0.15MPa ～0.3MPa,the strainer inlet and
outlet pressure difference is not larger than 0.2MPa.
(5) Transfer the automatic/manual switch of the lubricating oil pump to the
“manual” position.
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(6)After the lubricating oil pump is put into operation, when the temperature
of the gear oil tank is higher than 50℃,check that the water return and water
supply valve of the cooling water for gearbox oil station oil cooler are open
automatically. When oil temperature is lower than 35℃,the cooling water valve
closes automatically, otherwise, it should be operated manually.
2.1.3.3Before pulverizer startup, check the following items:
(1) Check and make sure that pulverizer overhaul is finished and work-order
cards are all done.
(2) Check and make sure that seal air valve of the pulverizer grinding table
and the pulverizer grinding roll are open, and every I&C signal of the remote
transmission is normal.
(3) Check and make sure that the lubricating oil station and the hydraulic oil
station operate normally, pulverizer outlet damper, outlet damper seal air valve,
pulverizer seal air damper, pulverizer hot air and cold air fast close spile,
pulverizer hot air and cold air regulating dampers drive well, and that
pulverized coal fineness damper of pulverizer is in the correct position.
(4) Check and make sure that all the pulverizer manholes and inspection
holes are closed tightly, the pulverizer heat insulation is intact, the circumjacent
sundries are cleaned, and that lighting is sufficient.
(5) Check and make sure that the pulverizer motor connections are intact, the
connection box is installed firmly，ground connections of the motor and cable
are complete and are well connected ， the motor cooling air duct is expedite
and is not blocked by impurities.
(6) Verify that the pulverizer motor bearing has been filled with oil in the oil-
filling period.
(7)Check and make sure that no anchor bolts of pulverizer and motor are
loose, safety guards are connected firmly, the pulverizer rolling gear and the
pulverizer motor are separated, and that the fan shell is restored.
(8) Check and make sure that conditions of the pulverizer lubricating oil
system are met: the lubricating supply oil pressure is higher than 0.13MPa and
the gearbox oil temperature is lower than 50℃.
(9) Check and make sure that the drip opening of the pyrite bunker is closed
tightly and the pyrite hydraulic slide gate is open.
(10) After checking, if there are no troubles, contact the attendant to prepare
pulverizer startup.
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2.1.3.4 Pulverizer startup:

(1)Start the pulverizer lubricating oil pump, the lubricating oil pressure is
already normal, check and make sure that the oil flow rate is normal and the
pulverizer bearing has been lubricated.
(2)The primary air fan A 、 B have been started and pressure difference
between the primary air and the furnace reaches the normal value （ over
8kPa）。
(3)The seal air fan has been started and the seal air and the milling bowl
pressure difference high signal appears.
(4) The pulverizer startup should meet the following conditions：
(a) The pulverizer outlet opening ＞2；
(b) The pulverizer outlet temperature permits the mill to start.(but not exceed
93℃ )
(c) Coal feeder local control switch is in the remote control position.
(d) There is no pulverizer trip instruction:
(e) Pulverizer lubricating oil system is normal;
(f) Pulverizer primary air flow rate ＞0.75Q
(g) Seal air fan is in operation and pressure difference between the seal air and
the milling bowl bottom is no lower than 2.0kPa；
(h)The outlet main pressure of the flame detection air fan isn’t low.
(i) No pulverizer is in startup;
(j)Coal layer startup permission ：the corresponding oil layer is in operation
or load＞40%
(5) “Pulverizer start-up permission”lamp on LCD lights up if any of the
following conditions is met
(a) 3/4 adjacent oil layer is affirmed.
(b) Boiler load ＞35% and any of the adjacent coal feeders rotating speed ＞
50%；
(c) Any of the adjacent coal feeders rotating speed ＞ 50% and 3/4 of this
pulverizer’s adjacent oil layer is affirmed
(d) Pulverizer startup:
(e) Make sure that pulverizer startup is normal
(f) Open the pulverizer hot air valve;
(g) Adjust the pulverizer inlet cold air and hot air regulating damper and put it
into automatic operation. Keep the pulverizer inlet air temperature≤ 150℃ and
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the outlet temperature ＜ 93℃ 。 During the pulverizer warming up, the
pulverizer outlet temperature-increasing rate is 3℃/min。
2.1.3.5 Pulverizer shutdown:
(1) After the coal feeder shutdown, the pulverizer continues to operate for 5
minutes. When the pulverizer outlet temperature drops to 50℃ and the
pulverized coal in the pulverizer is purged clear(judging by the pulverizer
current and the milling bowl pressure difference),shut down the pulverizer.
(2) After the pulverizer shutdown, close the seal air valve ， close the
pulverizer cold air regulating damper to 5 % opening and make sure that
there is the smallest air flow rate going through the pulverizer.
(3) Keep the pulverizer lubricating oil pump in operation, stop it after the
gearbox oil temperature ＜ 40℃. If the pulverizer has a short-time
shutdown, the lubricating oil pump can continue to operate.
(4) If in the process of the boiler shutdown, when the boiler load is low and
the pulverizing system will be stopped, make sure that the boiler combustion is
steady and keep the pulverizing system of the adjacent layer in operation.
Before the shutdown of the last two pulverizing systems, put oil gun of the
corresponding layer into operation until the pulverizing system is shut down
completely.
2.1.4Coal feeder startup:
2.1.4.1Before the coal feeder startup, check the following items:
(1) Finish the operation of inspections general provisions before the auxiliary
equipment and system startup.
（ 2 ） The coal feeder weighing system has been verified, the belt tension is
adjusted properly and there is no belt deviation.
（3）The coal feeder seal air valve is open.
（ 4）There is sufficient coal storage in the coal bunker, the coal gate of the
coal feeder outlet is open and the inlet coal gate is closed.
(5) The coal feeder is energized.
2.1.4.2 The coal feeder startup:
(1)The pulverizer warming is finished.
(2) The conditions of the coal feeder startup are met.
(3) No MFT；
(4) The pulverizer is in operation;
(5) The coal feeder rotating speed instruction is in the lowest （25%）；
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(6) The coal feeder inlet and outlet coal gates are open；
(7) The conditions of the pulverizer startup permission still exist;
(8) The coal feeder local control switch in remote control position
(9)Press the coal feeder startup button, the coal feeder starts and the inlet coal
gate opens automatically.
(10) 50 seconds after the coal feeder startup, put the coal feeder rotating
speed control into automatic operation only after checking that coal quantity of
the coal feeder is normal.
(11) When the coal feeder rotating speed of the adjacent layer is quicker than
70%, the boiler load is larger than 40%MCR and the combustion is steady, the
corresponding oil gun of the two pulverizers can be shut down.
2.1.4.3 The coal feeder shutdown:
(1) Before the coal feeder shutdown, check and make sure that the adjacent
oil gun is on standby and can be put into operation at any time.
(2) Transfer the automatic control of the coal feeder which is ready to shut
down to manual control, reduce the rotating speed gradually and the extent is
not allowed to exceed 10% every time. After deceleration, only when the
pulverizer outlet temperature and the milling bowl pressure difference is steady
can the coal feeder rotating speed be further decelerated to the lowest value. In
the whole process of deceleration, strictly confine the pulverizer outlet
temperature in normal range and pay attention that the other coal feeders' s
rotating speeds shouldn't exceed 80%。
(3)When the coal feeder rotating speed is lower than 40%, the adjacent oil gun
can be put into operation if necessary.
(4) When the coal feeder rotating speed reaches the lowest value, change the
pulverizer air flow rate and temperature control to automatic.
(5)When the coal feeder rotating speed decelerates to the lowest value
(25%),after pressing the coal feeder shutdown button, coal gate of the coal
feeder inlet closes automatically and the coal feeder shuts down, close the
outlet coal gate of coal feeder .
2.1.5Pulverizing system normal operation and maintenance:
2.1.5.1 Normal operation and parameters monitoring:
(1) In normal operation, keep the pulverizing system operational parameters
within the normal range, if changes of parameters is found, adjust them in time
and make sure that the pulverizing system operates reliably.
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(2)In normal operation, in order to ensure the pulverizer optimum output, the
coal feeder rotating speed should be limited to 40～80%.If the rotating speed is
too slow, shut down one pulverizer in time. If the rotating speed is too high,
start the standby pulverizer in time.
(3)When the pulverizing system is in operation, check regularly and make sure
that every rotary machine is steady and has no unusual noises, the current is
stable, and that every bearing, lubricating oil temperature is normal.
(4) The pulverized coal fineness should be tested once a day, control of the
pulverized coal fineness can be realized by regulating the deflection baffle
opening of the pulverizer separator.
(5)Clean the pyrite in the pulverizer regularly, when the coal quality is poor,
increase the times of cleaning to avoid pulverizer blockage because of too
much pyrite.
(6) Intensify the monitoring of the pulverizer current and the milling bowl
pressure difference to avoid the pulverizer failure caused by blockage.
(7) Frequently check the pulverizer, the coal feeder and its accessory systems.
There should be no pulverized coal leakage, air leakage and oil leakage.
(8) Standby pulverizer should be switched periodically.
(9) In normal operation, the pulverizer outlet temperature should be in the
normal range. The highest shouldn't be higher than 82℃ and the lowest
shouldn't be lower than 65℃。
(10)In normal operation, when the automatic regulation of the pulverizing
system fails, change it immediately into manual regulation which stabilizes the
parameters within the normal range.
(11) Parameters monitoring of the normal pulverizing system operation
Monitoring items Unit Normal range
Pulverizer outlet
℃ 71～82
temperature
Pulverizer inlet and outlet
Pa 3000～4000
pressure difference
Pulverizer milling bowl top
and bottom pressure Pa ＜2030
difference
Seal air and primary air
Pa ＞1016
pressure difference
Seal air pressure kPa about10～11
Primary air and furnace kPa ＞8.5
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pressure difference
Pulverizer lubricating oil
MPa 0.7～0. 9
pump outlet pressure
Pulverizer bearing
℃ ＜80
temperature
When hardgrove grindability index
Pulverized coal fineness (HGI)is 55, For British 200 mesh
sieve, the sift rate is 80%
Pulverizer current A ＜47.4
2.1.5.2Pulverizing system operational set values:
(1)Seal air/Primary air pressure difference ΔP ＜ 1016Pa ， after 10 seconds'
delay the alarm is given, the standby seal air fan starts automatically.
(2)Seal valve/Milling bowl bottom pressure difference ΔP＜2000Pa,the alarm
acts, pulverizer trips 1 minute later.
(3)Pulverizer outlet temperature＞93℃, the alarm acts, turn down the hot air
regulating damper, turn up the cold air regulating damper, switch the automatic
control of the pulverizer air flow rate and temperature to manual control, close
the hot air valve 30 seconds later.
(4)The pulverizer lubricating oil pressure drops to 0.09MPa,the alarm acts, ＜
0.07MPa,the pulverizer trips.
(5)The pulverizer inlet primary air flow＜0. 5Q，the pulverizer trips.
(6)The oil pump shuts down automatically (When any of the conditions
appears,the pulverizer trips first and then the oil pump shuts down
automatically 2 minutes later.)
(a)The pulverizer lubricating oil temperature＞65℃。
(b)The oil level of the pulverizer lubricating oil tank ＜511 L。
(c)The pulverizer lubricating oil pressure＜0.07MPa,delay 2 minutes.
(d)Any of the pulverizer bearing temperature＞80℃。
(e)The oil temperature inside the oil tank＜15℃。
2.1.6Pulverizing system accident and incident management:
2.1.6.1The pulverizer trips automatically if any of the following conditions
appear:
(1) MFT。
(2) The pulverizer outlet gate is closed.
(3)The primary air fan trips, the primary air loses or the primary air and the
furnace pressure difference is low low (or pressure difference low low 5
seconds delay)
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(4)Seal air fan trips for more than 60 seconds or the seal air and the milling
bowl pressure differenceΔP＜2000Pa exceeds 1 minute.
(5)The pulverizer cold air valve is closed.
(6)The pulverizer lubricating oil pump trips or the lubricating oil pressure ＜
0.07MPa。
(7)When the coal feeder is put into operation, permissive conditions of startup
are lost.
(8)The pulverizer gearbox bearing temperature ＞80℃。
(9)The pulverizer motor power is lost.
(10)The pulverizer lubricating oil flow rate ＜105L/min。
(11) The pulverizer electric protection action.
2.1.6.2Pulverizer emergency shutdown should be carried out if the following
conditions occur:
(1) When the motor is smoking or is on fire.
(2) When the pulverizer vibrates intensely and threatens the equipment safety.
(3)When the bearing temperature is too high or the lubricating oil system fails.
(4) When personal injury happens in the rotating parts.
(5) When automatic trip should act but refuses to act.
2.1.6.3 Handling after the pulverizer trip or emergency shutdown:
(1)Make sure that the corresponding coal feeder shuts down automatically,
otherwise interfere manually.
(2)Make sure that the corresponding hot air valve is closed and the seal air
valve is closed.
(3)Adjust the cold air regulating damper according to the pulverizer outlet
temperature.
(4) After finding out the reasons of trip and handling the problems, restart the
pulverizer and operate it for several minutes. Wait until the pulverizer coal
storage is purged clear, start the coal feeder and then start the hot air valve to
keep pulverizer outlet temperature normal.
(5)If the pulverizer can't be put into operation in a short time after the
pulverizer trips, close the hot air valve, the cold air valve, the seal air valve and
the pulverizer outlet valve, put the pulverizer steam-smothering into operation
(when the internal is on fire), when the pulverized coal is incapable of
spontaneous combustion inside the pulverizer, contact the overhaul personnel
to clean the pulverizer coal storage.
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(6) Boiler MFT, all the pulverizers startup after trip should be carried out after
purge has been done especially carefully and slowly, the cold air damper should
be controlled manually and the opening should be increased gradually to
prevent the mass-pulverized coal from flushing into the furnace to cause
explosive combustion.
2.1.6.4 Pulverizer fire:
(1) Pulverizer fire phenomenon:
(a) The pulverizer outlet temperature increases suddenly without any reason.
(b) Paint on pulverizer or coal-falling pipe changes color or peels.
(c)The pulverizer milling bowl pressure difference fluctuates widely.
(d)When the pulverizer is on fire and causes detonation, there are sounds, the
air pressure of the pulverizing system vibrates intensely and the pulverized coal
gushes out from somewhere not sealed tightly.
(2) Reasons for pulverizer fire:
(a)The pulverizer temperature regulation is inappropriate or the automation
fails, making the pulverizer outlet temperature too high.
(b)Combustible and explosive substances enter the pulverizer.
(c) Too much pyrite or pulverized coal sedimentation on the pulverizer pedestal
or in air entry causes spontaneous combustion.
(d) When the pulverizer shuts down, the pulverizing system hasn't been purged,
while the furnace pressure goes up to positive pressure which will cause flame
returning.
(e) Foreign sundries pile up in the cone and other parts of the pulverizer.
(3)Pulverizer fire handling:
(a)When the pulverizer outlet temperature is higher than 93℃ but the hot air
valve doesn't close automatically, close it manually immediately and open the
cold air regulating damper to100%.
(b)When the pulverizer is on fire, control the coal feeder manually to continue
feeding coal with high speed but don't overload the pulverizer.
(c) If the pulverizer outlet temperature keeps rising, close the pyrite discharge
valve and open the pulverizer steam-smothering valve to extinguish the
pulverizer fire.
(d)When the pulverizer outlet temperature lowers down and the fire sign
disappears, close the steam-smothering valve.
(e) Stop the coal feeder operation.
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(f) After operating the pulverizer for several minutes, shut it down, close the
cold, hot air valves and their regulating dampers, close the seal air valve and
the coal feeder seal air valve, close the outlet coal gate of the coal feeder and
the pulvrizer outlet valve.
(g)After the pulvrizer isolation, contact the electricity to energize.
(h)Notify the overhaul personnel to carry out complete cleaning and
inspections on the pulverizer internal and its pipes, check and make sure that
the oil seals on main shaft and every shaft gland are undamaged and there is no
carbonization of the lubricating oil, otherwise, the lubricating oil should be
changed.
2.1.6.5Pulverizer full-coal
(1)The pulverizer full-coal phenomenon:
(a) The pulverizer current increases.
(b)The pulverizer outlet temperature drops.
(c)The milling bowl pressure difference goes up.
(d)The pulverizer air flow rate drops.
(2) Reasons for pulverizer full-coal.
(a)The primary air regulation is inappropriate or the automation fails, causing
too little air flow in the pulverizer.
(b)The coal feeder rotating speed is too high, coal feed is too much or the
pulverized coal is too fine.
(c)Pyrite hopper hasn't been cleaned in time and it is blocked.
(d)The pulverizer mechanical pressurizer failure causes pulverizer output drop.
(e)The pulverizer internal fails.
(3)Solutions to pulverizer full-coal:
(a)Lower the coal feeder rotating speed to the lowest value immediately.
(b)Increase the primary air flow rate or raise the primary air pressure properly.
(c)Pyrite blockage should be cleaned in time.
(d)If the pulverized coal is too fine, re-adjust the classifier damper opening and
maintain the proper pulverized coal fineness.
(e)If the above solutions don't work, report to the chief shift to shut down the
pulverizing system and contact the overhaul personnel to clean.
2.1.6.6Coal feeder automatic trip:
(1) The coal feeder trips automatically if any of the following conditions
occurs:
112
(a) MFT：
(b) The pulverizer trips or the pulverizer emergency shutdown occurs;
(c)The inlet coal gate of the coal feeder is open, there is no coal on the belt and
the pulverizer current＜30A；
(d)The outlet coal gate of the coal feeder is closed;
(e)Whithin180 seconds after the coal feeder starts, the corresponding pulverizer
ignition conditions are lost or there isn't enough ignition energy support in this
layer.
(f)The coal feeder electricity fails.
(2)Solutions to coal feeder automatic trip:
(a)Check that coal feeder inlet and outlet coal gates close automatically.
(b) 60 seconds later, the hot air valve and the hot air damper close
automatically, the pulverizer air flow rate and outlet temperature is changed
from automatic control to manual control.
(c)Find out the reasons for the coal feeder trip and contact the overhaul
personnel to handle the problems. If it can't be restored, shut down the
corresponding pulverizer and put the standby pulverizing system into
operation.
(d)After the coal feeder trip failure is eliminated, carry out commission and
after it is qualified, commence operation or standby according to the
conditions.
Appendix: Interlock protection table
Seque
nce Interlock protection contents
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Pulverizer A startup permissive conditions, the following conditions
One
should be met simultaneously
A Pulverizer oil system is normal(the following conditions should be met
simultaneously)
1)Pulverizer A oil station temperature＞28℃
1 2)Pulverizer A planetary gearbox bearing temperature＜50℃
3)Pulverizer A oil station oil pressure isn't lower than≥0.09MPa
4)Pulverizer A lubricating oil flow rate＞121L/MIN
5)Pulverizer A oil station strainer pressure difference＜0.2MPa
2 Pulverizer A oil pump A or B operation reaches 180S
3 Open at least 3 of the 4 Pulverizer A outlet hold-off valves
4 Pulverizer A outlet temperature is proper＜93℃(select two out of three)
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5 Coal feeder is in the remote control manner
Pulverizer A seal air and primary air pressure difference is normal
6
1.5Kpa
7 Pulverizer A primary air flow rate＞0.75Q
8 Flame detection air fan main pressure isn't lower than 6KPa
9 No conditions of Pulverizer A exist
No pulverizer is in startup (Corresponding coal feeder is in operation,
10
send 30S pulse, pulverizer startup is within the 30S)
A coal layer is permitted to be put into operation(either of the following
two items is met)
11
1)AB oil layers are in operation
2)Load＞40%
Notice: If Pulverizer A is in the position of overhaul, the above items 3～
11 don't need to be met
Pulverizer A alarm and fast-shutdown conditions(Pulverizer A is in
Two
operation and any of the following conditions is met)
1 Coal feeder A isn't in operation and delays 120S,send 2S pulse
Coal feeder A operates and feeds coal, Pulverizer A primary air flow rate
2
＜0.65Q，120S delay
Pulverizer A oil system is abnormal(any of the following conditions is
met and 5S delays ),delay 2S
1)Pulverizer A oil station temperature low (alarm＜30℃/ pulverizer trip
＜15℃)
2) Pulverizer A planetary gearbox bearing temperature high(alarm＞
3 75℃/pulverizer trip＞80℃)
3) Pulverizer A oil station oil input pressure low(alarm0.09MPa/
pulverizer trip0.07MPa)
4)Pulverizer A oil station lubricating oil temperature(alarm＞
60℃/pulverizer trip＞65℃)
4)Pulverizer A oil station oil level is lower than 200mm
Pulverized coal flame signal of A layer's two adjacent corners disappears,
4
delay 30S ,send 2S pulse
Pulverizer A two oil pumps operating signals both disappear and delay
5
2S
6 Pulverizer A oil station oil input flow rate is lower than 121L/Min
Notice: Pulverizer A shutdown or emergency shutdown conditions exist,
lockout the above pulverizer fast shutdown action
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When pulverizer oil station is under the conditions that oil pump is
started and lubricating oil temperature is proper(＞40℃),oil strainer
differential pressure＞0.2MPa continues for over 5MIN,the alarm acts
Pulverizer A alarm and emergency shutdown conditions(A Pulverizer is
Three
in operation and any of the following conditions is met )
A Coal feeder is in operation and A Pulverizer primary air flow rate＜
1
0.5Q
A,B Oil layers operating signals disappear and no coal flame signal is on
2
A Layer, send 2S pulse
3 MFT
Pulverizer A seal air and primary air pressure
4
low(alarm<1.5KPa/pulverizer trip<1KPa)
A Pulverizer outlet hold-off valve group has been closed(All the 4 being
5
closed is seen as a close)
Pulverizer A outlet temperature high(alarm＞95℃/pulverizer
6
trip≥105℃)(select two out of three)
7 Pulverizer A outlet temperature low alarm＜65℃
Pulverizer A motor stator winding temperature high(alarm＞
8
120℃/pulverizer trip＞140℃)
Pulverizer A motor bearing temperature high (alarm＞85℃/pulverizer
9
trip＞90℃)
Pulverizer A trip conditions(When A Pulverizing system is not in the
Four
overhaul position and any of the following conditions is met)
1 MFT
2 A Pulverizer emergence shutdown conditions exist
A Pulverizer fast shutdown conditions exist and A Coal feeder hasn't
3
been started, delay 120S
4 Emergency button
Five A Layer flame signal
A Pulverizer is in operation and the corresponding corner has flame, then
1
display that there is flame in this corner
A Pulverizer is in operation and any two of the four corners flame signals
2
on A Layer disappear, the alarm acts
Any three corners flame signals disappear on A Layer, then no flame is
3
on display layer
A Pulverizer is in operation and any two adjacent
corners(#1、#2corner/#1、#4corner/#2、#3corner/#3、#4corner) flame
4
signals disappear, then display that the flame signals of the two adjacent
corners on A layer disappear
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A Pulverizer startup permissive conditions (all the following conditions
Six
should be met simultaneously)
1 No coal feeder A failure shutdown signal
2 No coal feeder A motor failure signal
3 No coal feeder A coal-feeding rate deviation big signal
4 No over-temperature inside coal feeder A
5 A Coal layer is permitted to operate.
6 Pulverizer A is already in operation.
Pulverizer A outlet temperature is proper＞65℃，＜95℃（select two
7
out of three)
8 Coal feeder A outlet motor driven valves fully open
9 Coal feeder A seal air valves fully open
Seven A Coal feeder trip conditions(any of the following conditions is met)
1 A Pulverizer is shut down
2 Coal feeder A outlet motor driven valves fully closed
3 Coal feeder A outlet is blocked by coal, delay 10S
4 Coal feeder A internal over-temperature, delay 5S
5 A Pulverizer fast shutdown signal exists, delay 10S
6 A Pulverizer emergency shutdown signal exists
Eight Coal feeder A seal air valve
Close permission(all the following conditions are met simultaneously)
1 No Coal feeder A operating signal
Pulverizer A has been shut down for 5S
Nine Coal feeder A outlet motor driven valve
Interlock open
1
Coal feeder A is in operation
2 Interlock close
When Coal feeder A hasn't been started, A Pulverizer fast shutdown
signal or A Pulverizer emergence shutdown signal exists, send 2S pulse
Ten Pulverizer A Oil pump A
Startup permission
1
Pulverizer oil station oil level isn't lower than 200mm
Interlock startup(When Pulverizer A Oil pump A interlock is put into
operation, if any of the following conditions is met, send 2S pulse)
2 1)Pulverizer A Oil pump B operating signal disappears, send 5S pulse
2)Pulverizer A Oil pump B has been in operation for 5S and Pulverizer A
Oil station oil input pressure is lower than 90KPa
Eleven Pulverizer A Oil pump B
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Startup permissions
1
Pulverizer oil station oil level isn't lower than 200mm
Interlock startup (When Pulverizer A Oil pump B interlock is put into
operation, if any of the following conditions is met, send 2S pulse)
2 1)Pulverizer A Oil pump A operating signal disappears, send 5S pulse
2)Pulverizer A Oil pump A has been in operation for 5S and Pulverizer A
Oil station oil input pressure is lower than 90KPa
Twelv
Pulverizer A Oil station electrical heater
e
Startup permission
1
Pulverizer A Oil station oil level isn't lower than 200mm
Interlock startup
2
Pulverizer A Oil station temperature＜35℃， send 2S pulse
Interlock shutdown
3
Pulverizer A Oil station temperature＞40℃，send 2S pulse
Thirtee
Pulverizer A Oil station heat strapping cable
n
Startup permission
1
Pulverizer A Oil station oil level isn't lower than 200mm
Interlock startup
2
Pulverizer A Oil station temperature＜45℃，send 2S pulse
Interlock shutdown
3
Pulverizer A Oil station temperature＞49℃，send 2S pulse
Fourte
Pulverizer A proper seal air valve
en
Interlock open
1
Pulverizer A is already in opertaion
Close permission
2
Fifteen Pulverizer A discharge valve seal air valve
Interlock open
1
Pulverizer A is already in operation
Close permission
2
Sixtee
Pulverizer A inlet hot air fast valve
n
1 Open permission(all the following conditions should be met
simultaneously)
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Any primary air fan is in operation
Seal air fan is verified
Pulverizer A seal air valves fully open
Interlock close(any of the following conditions is met)
Pulverizer A fast shutdown, send 2S pulse
2
Pulverizer A emergency shutdown, send 2S pulse
Pulverizer A is already shut down, send 2S pulse
Sevent
Pulverizer A inlet cold air fast valve
een
Interlock open
1
Pulverizer A is already in operation, send 2S pulse
Interlock close(after any of the following conditions is met, send 2S
2
pulse)
Pulverizer A emergency shutdown
Pulverizer A is already shut down, delay 60S
Eighte
Pulverizer A discharge valve
en
Open permission(all the following conditions should be met
simultaneously)
1
Seal air fan is verified
Pulverizer A seal air valve fully open
Interlock open
2
Pulverizer A is already in operation
Interlock close
3
Pulverizer A is already shut down, send 2S pulse
Ninete
Pulverizer A pyrite hopper outlet valve
en
Interlock open
1
Pulverizer A pyrite hopper pyrite level is high
Twent
A Pulverizer scraper conveyor
y
Startup permission
1
No A Pulverizer scraper conveyor broken chain alarm
Interlock shutdown
2
A Pulverizer scraper conveyor broken chain alarm
Twent
Band elevator
y-one
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Startup permission (all the following conditions should be met
simultaneously)
1
No broken chain alarm of elevator left
No broken chain alarm of elevator right
Interlock shutdown(any of the following conditions is met)
2 The band elevator left chain broken alarm
The band elevator right chain broken alarm
Twent
Pulverizer A sequence control
y-two
1 Pulverizer A sequence control startup permission
1) Oil layer A startup permission
2) No Pulverizer A fast shutdown signal exists.
3) No Pulverizer A emergency shutdown signal exists.
4)Any primary air fan is in operation
5)Seal air fan is verified
2 Pulverizer A sequence control startup procedure
1) Put Pulverizer A lubricating oil pump into operation
2)Open the raw coal hopper outlet motor driven valve and the coal feeder
vent valve
3)Open pulverizer proper seal air valve, coal feeder seal air valve and
pulverizer discharge valve seal air valve
4)Open pulverizer outlet discharge valve
5)Open pulverizer inlet hot air hold-off valve, fully open the pulverizer
inlet cold air valve and close pulverizer inlet hot air regulating valve
6)Open Coal feeder outlet motor driven valve
7)Pulverizer startup
8)Start Coal feeder and open the coal feeder inlet motor driven valve
3 Pulverizer A sequence control shutdown procedure
1)Lower coal feeder coal flow rate to the lowest value
2)Open pulverizer inlet cold air regulating damper, open pulverizer inlet
mixed air regulating damper and close pulverizer A inlet hot air fast valve
3)Coal feeder shutdown
4)Close the coal feeder outlet motor driven valve
5)Pulverizer shutdown
2.2 Induced Draft Fan Operation and Maintenance
2.2.1 Inspections and operation before startup
2.2.1.1 Carry out overall inspections on the equipment. No anchor bolt and
coupling are loose and coupling safety guard is installed firmly。
119
2.2.1.2 Put cooling water into operation, regulate water flow to normal value
and check that the return water is expedite.
2.2.1.3Check and make sure that motor bearing temperature, winding
temperature and fan bearing temperature are all normal.
2.2.1.4Hand-turn the rotor for several rounds and there is no friction and clash
between dynamic part and static part。
2.2.1.5Check and make sure that motor isolation is qualified and ground
connection is fine.
2.2.1.6 Open A/B air preheater inlet flue gas damper, electrostatic precipitator
A/B inlet/outlet flue gas damper.
2.2.1.7Close A/B induced draft fan hydraulic coupling scoop and inlet damper
to the smallest position.
2.2.1.8Close A/B induced draft fan inlet/outlet flue gas damper (Open
awaiting-startup induced draft fan outlet damper )
2.2.1.9Check and make sure that hydraulic coupling lubricating oil pressure, oil
flow rate are normal and that oil pump motor operates normally.
2.2.1.10 Start induced draft fan main motor and if operational parameters
exceed the limits in the following operation, shut it down manually.
2.2.1.11Open the induced draft fan inlet and outlet flue gas damper (Keep the
outaged induced draft fan inlet/outlet flue gas damper closed.)
2.2.1.12When the startup is normal, adjust the hydraulic coupling scoop to the
appropriate position.(Caution: it is not allowed to exceed the motor rated
current .)
2.2.1.13When the first startup of air fan reaches full speed, stop the air fan by
pressing the emergency button and observe whether there is any abnormity and
sounds of friction in every component. Start again only after confirming that no
problems exist.
2.2.1.14Check the operating situation of the bearing and other parts
periodically, continue the operation if nothing is abnormal and the commission
time shouldn't be shorter than 8 hours.
2.2.1.15the bearing and coupling temperatures are stable when air fan is in
operation， temperature and vibration are not allowed to exceed the following
values:
2.2.1.16 Motor bearing temperature ＜ 75℃ ,air fan bearing temperature ＜
70℃,hydraulic coupling bearing temperature ＜ 90℃ and lubricating oil
120
pressure shouldn't be lower than 0.13MPa.If it is lower than 0.12MPa, the

alarm acts. If it is lower than 0.1MPa,the air fan trips. Input oil temperature of
the coupling working oil shouldn't be higher than 75℃ and coupling
discharging oil temperature shouldn't be higher than100℃。Air fan vibration
isn't allowed to exceed 120um。
2.2.1.17Coupling electric actuator and air fan inlet damper: Regulation is
flexible and the gauge indicating value is consistent with the actual opening.
2.2.2 Before induced draft fan startup, the following conditions should be met:
2.2.2.1The preheater of the same side is in operation.
2.2.2.2The induced draft fan inlet damper is closed.
2.2.2.3The induced draft fan inlet regulating damper is closed.
2.2.2.4The induced draft fan outlet damper is fully open.
2.2.2.5The induced draft fan bearing temperature is normal.
2.2.2.6 Make sure that the air path has been established.
2.2.2.7The induced draft fan hydraulic coupling regulating valve position ＜
5%。
2.2.3The induced draft fan startup:
2.2.3.1 The startup conditions of induced draft fan are met.
2.2.3.2 Start the induced draft fan, after the current returns to no-load, check
and make sure that the inlet damper opens automatically(If inlet damper
couldn't fully open in 1 minute, shut down the air fan immediately.)
2.2.3.3Open the air fan inlet regulating damper slowly, adjust it to the required
condition, and put the inlet regulating damper into automatic operation
according to the situation.
2.2.4Induced draft fan parallel commission
2.2.4.1When one air fan is in operation, start another air fan by means of
parallel commission.
Before startup, close the inlet and outlet dampers of the air fan awaiting startup,
and turn down the hydraulic coupling scoop opening to the smallest value. Start
the air fan, when the motor reaches the rated rotating speed, open the inlet and
outlet damper, and regulate the two air fan scoops to keep the furnace negative
pressure stable and regulate the openings of the two air fan scoops to be
consistent with the output.
2.2.4.2 Shut down one of the two air fans that are in parallel operation.
First, turn up the scoop of the air fan which is to remain operation, turn
121
down the scoop of the air fan awaiting shutdown, and keep the furnace negative
pressure stable. When the scoop of the air fan awaiting shutdown has been
closed, then close the inlet/outlet damper of the air fan ready to shut down and
shut down the main motor of the air fan awaiting shutdown, then adjust the
scoop of the air fan which is to continue operating to the required condition
point.
2.2.5 Induced draft fan shutdown:
2.2.5.1 Gradually turn down the hydraulic coupling scoop of the induced draft
fan until it is fully closed.
2.2.5.2 Close the inlet regulating damper.
2.2.5.3 Shut down the induced draft fan and the inlet dapper closes
automatically.
2.2.5.4 Decide whether to close the outlet damper or not according to the
requirements.
2.2.6Induced draft fan routine maintenance
2.2.6.1When the air fan is in operation, monitor the air pressure and air flow
rate regularly and make sure that they are normal and the automatic regulation
is fine.
2.2.6.2Air fan current indication is normal, stable, and there shouldn't be
evident shake.
2.2.6.3 Air fan bearing temperature ＜ 75℃ and air fan motor bearing
temperature ＜ 75℃ ， if the bearing temperature is found to rise, find out the
reasons immediately and adopt necessary measures to handle them.
2.2.6.4Carry out inspections on air fan and its system
2.2.6.5 Air fan is forbidden to be put into operation when it is within surging
value. If surging alarm is found, turn down the inlet regulating damper
immediately and lower the load until surging disappears. If surging time
exceeds 15 seconds, the induced draft fan trips.
2.2.6.6Induced draft fan bearing vibration isn't larger than 0.12mm。
2.2.6.7Air fan operation control:
Items Normal value Alarm value Trip value
Trip after 15
Air fan surging
seconds
Air fan vibration ≯0.12mm
Air fan bearing
60～70℃ ≥75℃ ≥85℃
temperature
122
Motor bearing
＜70℃ ≥75℃ ≥85℃
temperature
Air fan bearing
0.3～0.5MPa ＜0.3MPa
oil pressure
Air fan hydraulic
2.5～3.5MPa ＜2.5MPa
oil pressure
Oil tank oil level ≤200mm
Air fan bearing
3～4 ｌ/min ＜3 ｌ/min
lubrication
Oil tank oil ≤30℃,put electrical heater into operation,≤40℃shut down
temperature electrical heater
Oil strainer
differential ＞0.05MPa,the oil strainer should be changed in principle
pressure
2.2.7 If the following conditions occur, manual shutdown must be carried out
immediately:
2.2.7.1The air fan produces loud noises.
2.2.7.2The air fan bearing temperature or motor bearing temperature increases
sharply and exceeds the permissible value.
2.2.7.3The air fan or motor vibrates intensely or bumps.
2.2.7.4The motor current continues to go up and the situation doesn’t improve
after adjustment.
2.2.7.5The motor is smoking or there is a burnt smell.
Appendix: Induced draft fan interlock
Seq
uenc
e Induced draft fan interlock contents
num
ber
Induced draft fan A, as the first start-up air fan, the startup permissive
One conditions test(All the following conditions should be met
simultaneously)
1 Induced draft fan A inlet regulating damper valve position＜5%
2 Induced draft fan A inlet flue gas damper actuator fully closed
3 Induced draft fan A outlet flue gas damper actuator fully open
4 Induced draft fan B inlet flue gas damper actuator open
5 Induced draft fan B outlet flue gas damper actuator fully closed
6 Induced draft fan B inlet regulating damper valve position≮5%
7 No Induced draft fan A protection action conditions exist
8 Induced draft fan A hydraulic coupling regulating valve position＜5%
123
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9 Induced draft fan A motor bearing temperature normal（＜75℃）
Induced draft fan A bearing temperature normal＜50℃（including
10
hydraulic coupling bearing ）
Induced draft fan A hydraulic coupling bearing temperature normal
11
（＜90℃）
Induced draft fan A hydraulic coupling lubricating oil pressure isn't
12
low（≮0.13MPa）
13 Preheater A、B are both in operation
A、B Forced draft fan channels fully open (inlet rotating blade
14
opening＞95% and the outlet valve are fully open)
15 Induced draft fan A、B are all not in operation, delay 5S
Induced draft fan A, as the second start-up air fan startup permissive
Two conditions(All the following conditions should be met
simultaneously)
1 Induced draft fan A inlet guide blade valve position＜5%
2 Induced draft fan A inlet flue gas damper actuator fully closed
3 Induced draft fan A outlet flue gas damper actuator fully open
4 No Induced draft fan A protection action conditions exist
5 Induced draft fan A hydraulic coupling regulating valve position＜5%
6 Induced draft fan A motor bearing temperature normal（＜75℃）
Induced draft fan A bearing temperature normal＜50℃(including
7
hydraulic coupling bearing)
Induced draft fan A hydraulic coupling bearing temperature
8
normal（＜90℃）
Two preheaters are in operation(Main motor is in operation, preheater
9 inlet damper and the corresponding electrostatic precipitator outlet,
inlet dampers are open)
10 Forced draft fan A or B is already in operation
Induced draft fan A hydraulic coupling lubricating oil pressure isn't
11
low（≮0.13MPa）
12 Induced draft fan B is already in operation
Thre Induced draft fan A alarm and automatic trip conditions(Any of the
e following conditions being met is enough)
Induced draft fan A motor bearing temperature high high, delay
1
2S(alarm75℃/trip95℃)
Induced draft fan A motor stator winding temperature high high, delay
2
2S(alarm120℃/trip130℃)
124
Seq
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ber
Induced draft fan A is in operation and the inlet flue gas damper
3
actuator fully closed, delay 30S
Induced draft fan A motor drive end bearing vibration high high,
4
delay 2S(alarm4.6mm/trip7.1mm/s)
Induced draft fan A motor non-drive end bearing vibration high
5
high ,delay 2S(alarm4.6mm/trip7.1mm/s)
Induced draft fan A motor drive end bearing vibration high high,
6
delay 2S(alarm4.6mm/trip7.1mm/s)
Induced draft fan A non-drive end bearing vibration high high, delay
7
2S(alarm4.6mm/trip7.1mm/s)
8 Preheater A operating signal disappears, delay 90S
9 Boiler MFT and furnace negative pressure low <-150Pa，delay 2S
A,B Forced draft fan operating signals both disappear and induced
10
draft fan trip option button chooses induced draft fan
A Induced draft fan hydraulic coupling scoop pipe discharge oil
11
temperature high(alarm100℃/trip 110℃)
A Induced draft fan hydraulic coupling lubricating oil input oil
12
pressure low (alarm0.12Mpa /trip0.1MPa)
A Induced draft fan hydraulic coupling lubricating oil strainer
13
differential pressure high(alarm0.06MPa / trip0.08MPa)
14 Induced draft fan A reverse run alarm
Hydraulic coupling working oil temperature(oil cooler outlet)high
15
alarm 70℃
Hydraulic coupling lubricating oil temperature(oil cooler inlet)high
16
alarm 90℃
Four Induced draft fan A inlet damper
Induced draft fan A inlet damper fully closed(All the following four
conditions should be met simultaneously)
Induced draft fan A inlet damper actuator A fully closed
1
Induced draft fan A inlet damper actuator B fully closed
Induced draft fan A inlet damper actuator C fully closed
Induced draft fan A inlet damper actuator D fully closed
2 Induced draft fan A inlet damper fully open(Three of the following
four conditions should be met simultaneously)
Induced draft fan A inlet damper actuator A fully open
Induced draft fan A inlet damper actuator B fully open
Induced draft fan A inlet damper actuator C fully open
125
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Induced draft fan A inlet damper actuator D fully open
Induced draft fan A inlet damper interlock open(Any of the following
conditions is met)
3
Induced draft fan A operation delays 2S
Induced draft fan A、B shutdowns both delay 10S (Send 5S pulse)
Induced draft fan A inlet damper interlock closed
4 Induced draft fan B is in operation and Induced draft fan A shutdown
delays 2S(Send 5S pulse)
Induced draft fan A inlet damper close permission
5
Induced draft fan A operational signal disappears
Induced draft fan A inlet damper close prohibition
6
Induced draft fan A is in operation
Five Induced draft fan A outlet damper
Induced draft fan A outlet damper fully closed(All the following four
Induced draft fan A outlet damper actuator A fully closed
1
Induced draft fan A outlet damper actuator B fully closed
Induced draft fan A outlet damper actuator C fully closed
Induced draft fan A outlet damper actuator D fully closed
Induced draft fan A outlet damper fully open(Three of the following
four conditions should be met simultaneously)
Induced draft fan A outlet damper actuator A fully open
2
Induced draft fan A outlet damper actuator B fully open
Induced draft fan A outlet damper actuator C fully open
Induced draft fan A outlet damper actuator D fully open
Induced draft fan A outlet damper interlock open(Any of the
following conditions is met)
3
Induced draft fan A operation delays 2S
Induced draft fan A 、B shutdowns both delay 10S(Send 5S pulse)
Induced draft fan A outlet damper interlock closed
4 Induced draft fan B is in operation and Induced draft fan A shutdown
delays 2S
Induced draft fan A outlet damper close permission
5
Induced draft fan A operation signal disappears
Induced draft fan A outlet damper close prohibition
6
Induced draft fan A is in operation
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Six Induced draft fan A hydraulic coupling auxiliary oil pump
1 Interlock startup
Auxiliary oil pump interlock is put into operation and hydraulic
coupling lubricating oil pressure low( in front of the strainer
0.22MPa)
2 Interlock shutdown
Auxiliary oil pump interlock is put into operation and hydraulic
coupling lubricating oil pressure high(in front of the strainer
0.28MPa)
Sev
Electrostatic precipitator A outlet flue gas damper
en
Close permissive conditions(All the following conditions should be
met simultaneously)
1
1)Inlet flue gas damper fully closed
2)Induced draft fan A shutdown
Eigh
Electrostatic precipitator A inlet flue gas damper
t
Open permissive conditions(All the following conditions should be
1
met simultaneously)
Outlet flue gas damper fully open
Nin
Induced draft fan A sequence control
e
Induced draft fan A sequence control conditions（All the following
1 1）Induced draft fan A is in automatic position
2)Induced draft fan A inlet flue gas damper is in automatic position
3)Induced draft fan A outlet flue gas damper is in automatic position
Induced draft fan A sequence control startup procedure
1)Close Induced draft fan A inlet damper and guide blade
2 2)Open Induced draft fan A outlet flue gas damper
3)Induced draft fan startup
4)Open Induced draft fan A inlet damper
Induced draft fan A sequence control shutdown procedure
1)Close Induced draft fan A inlet guide blade
3 2)Induced draft fan A shutdown
3)Close Induced draft fan A inlet flue gas damper
4)Close Induced draft fan A outlet flue gas damper
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2.3 Forced Draft Fan Operation and Maintenance
2.3.1 Operation and Maintenance before the forced draft fan startup
2.3.1.1 Carry out overall inspections on the equipment. No anchor bolt and
coupling are loose and coupling safety guard is installed firmly。
2.3.1.2Check and make sure that the oil level, oil temperature of the oil
station, motor bearing temperature, winding temperature and fan bearing
temperature are all normal.
2.3.1.3 Hand-turn the rotor for several rounds and there is no friction and
clash between the dynamic and static parts。
2.3.1.4Check and make sure that motor isolation is qualified and ground
connection is in good condition.
2.3.1.5 Open the preheater inlet/outlet secondary air damper and boiler
secondary air valve.
2.3.1.6Close A/B forced draft fan rotating blade.
2.3.1.7Close A/B forced draft fan outlet damper.
2.3.1.8Close forced draft fan outlet interconnecting damper.
2.3.1.9Check and make sure that regulating oil pressure, flow rate of the
hydraulic regulating oil station are normal and that the oil pump motor is in
normal operation.
2.3.1.10Inspections on oil station and hydraulic lubricating oil system
(1)Oil level indication is at the 2/3 position of the oil tank and the oil quality is
fine.
(2)Oil pump and motor are intact and there is no leakage in all the parts of the
oil system.
（3） The strainer is complete and switches flexibly and the transfer handle
switches to the a cartridge position.
(4)The oil cooler is intact and the cooling water is expedite.
(5)All the valves are complete and they open and close flexibly and the valve
positions are in the required positions.
(6)All the pressure gauges are put into operation, pressure switch and
temperature control set values are correct.
(7)Electrical heater works normally.
(8)Adjust the oil pump outlet oil pressure to 3.5MPa and adjust the hydraulic
regulating oil pressure to 2.5 MPa.
128
2.3.1.11 If the air fan didn't operate for a long time under a low temperature
circumstance, get through the oil supply devices 2 hours before the air fan
startup and carry out several regulating operations within the blade regulating
range.
2.3.1.12When the air fan reaches full speed in the first startup, stop the air fan
by pressing the emergency button and observe whether there are any abnormity
and sounds of friction in every component. Start again only after confirming
that no problems exist.
2.3.1.13Dynamically inspect the functions of local/DCS indication, alarm,
control logic etc. for the interlock of the oil pump in the hydraulic regulating
oil station and the parameters such as oil level/oil temperature/oil flow rate etc.
Dynamically inspect and carry out the low oil pressure (oil pressure is lower
than 1.0MPa) standby oil pump automatic startup test. Dynamically carry out
the test of the heater automatic startup while oil temperature is lower than 25℃
and the heater automatic shutdown while oil temperature is higher than 35℃.
2.3.1.14 Adjust the air fan rotating blade: rotating blade regulation is flexible
and instrument indicated value is consistent with the blade actual opening.
2.3.1.15Carry out the SCS sequence control function tests and the interlock
protection tests of the forced draft fan and forced draft air system, and the
forced draft fan proper tests should be carried out according to the appendix.
2.3.2Forced draft fan hydraulic lubricating oil pump startup and shutdown:
2.3.2.1 Hydraulic lubricating oil pump startup
(1)Thoroughly inspect the forced draft fan hydraulic lubricating oil system,
make sure that every valve is in the correct position, and that the pressure
gauges and temperature gauges all have been put into operation.
(2) Start one oil pump and check that the oil pump is in normal operation.
(3)Check the oil output and oil return situation and make sure that the oil flow
is normal, the hydraulic oil pressure≥2.5MPa，and that the oil pump interlock
switch has been put into operation.
2.3.2.2Hydraulic lubricating oil pump shutdown
(1) The air fan is shut down and the air fan bearing temperature drops to be
below 50℃.
(2)Relieve the oil pump interlock switch.
(3)Shut down the oil pump.
2.3.3Before the forced draft fan startup, the following conditions should be
129
met:
2.3.3.1The forced draft fan rotating blade is closed.
2.3.3.2The forced draft fan outlet damper is closed.
2.3.3.3 Hydraulic lubricating oil tank oil level>200mm。
2.3.3.4Hydraulic oil pressure>2.5 MPa。
2.3.3.5Lubricating oil flow >the smallest value（10.8m3/h）。
2.3.3.6Bearing temperature<90℃。
2.3.3.7Make sure that air path has been established.
2.3.3.8At least one induced draft fan is in operation.
2.3.4The forced draft fan startup:
2.3.4.1The forced draft fan startup conditions are met.
2.3.4.2Start the forced draft fan and when the start-up current returns to no-
load,open the outlet damper.
2.3.4.3 Slowly open the rotating blade regulating damper and adjust it to the
required air flow.
2.3.4.4 Put the forced draft fan rotating blade control into “automatic”
operation according to the requirements。
2.3.5 Forced draft fan parallel operation
2.3.5.1When one air fan is in operation, start another air fan by means of
parallel operation.
Before startup, regulate the condition point of the operating air fan down
to be below the lowest value of the air fan surging curve. Close the outlet
damper and rotating blade of the air fan awaiting startup. Start the air fan when
the rated rotating speed is reached, open the outlet damper and adjust the
rotating blade angle to be the same as the operating air fan, then adjust the
rotating blade angles of the two air fans synchronously according to the
requirements.
Shut down one of the two air fans that are in parallel operation.
Regulate the condition points of the two air fans down to be below the
lowest value of air fan surging curve at the same time and then close the outlet
damper and rotating blades of the air fan that is ready to shut down (the outlet
damper can be fully closed only when all the blades are closed and the flow
rate reaches zero), shut down the air fan main motor and then adjust the blades
of the air fan which is to continue operating until to the required condition
point.
130
2.3.6Forced air fan shutdown:

2.3.6.1 Gradually turn down the adjustable rotating blades of the forced draft
fan which needs to be shut down until close.
2.3.6.2Shut down the forced draft fan and close the outlet damper 60 seconds
later.
2.3.6.3If the forced draft fan is shut down for a short time, the lubricating oil
system doesn't need to be shut down ，otherwise, shutdown should be carried
out only after the air fan bearing temperature <50℃(or 5 minutes later).
2.3.7Forced draft fan routine maintenance:
2.3.7.1When the air fan is in operation, monitor frequently the air pressure and
air flow rate to make sure that they are normal and the automatic regulating
position is fine.
2.3.7.2The air fan current indication is normal and stable, and there shouldn't
be evident shake.
2.3.7.3The air fan bearing temperature≤90℃ ， the air fan motor bearing
temperature≤85℃,if the rise of bearing temperature is found, check the reasons
in time and take necessary measures to handle them.
2.3.7.4Carry out overall inspections on air fan, its system and hydraulic oil
station periodically. Oil tank oil level should be on the prescribed oil level line
and oil should be made up if it isn't enough. Hydraulic oil pressure is within 2.5
～3.5MPa,oil tank oil temperature ＜50℃,strainer differential pressure should
be smaller than0.2MPa，and the cooling water in oil cooler is expedite.
2.3.7.5Air fan is forbidden to operate within the range of the surging value. If
detecting the alarm of the surging, turn down the rotating blade immediately
and lower the load until the surging disappears.
2.3.8Manual shutdown should be carried out immediately if the following
conditions occur
2.3.8.1The air fan produces loud noises.
2.3.8.2The air fan bearing temperature or the motor bearing temperature
increases sharply。
2.3.8.3The air fan or motor vibrates intensely or bumps.
2.3.8.4The motor current continues to go up and the situation doesn’t improve
after adjustment.
2.3.8.5The motor is smoking or there is a burnt smell.
Appendix: Forced draft fan interlock table
131
Sequ
ence
Forced draft fan interlock contents
numb
er
Forced draft fan B(as the first start-up air fan)startup permissive
One
conditions(The following 12conditions should be met simultaneously)
1 Forced draft fan B rotating blade opening ＜5%
2 Forced draft fan B outlet damper fully closed
3 No Forced draft fan B protection action
4 Forced draft fan B motor bearing temperature normal＜85℃
5 Forced draft fan B bearing temperature normal＜90℃
6 Forced draft fan A or B is in operation
7 Forced draft fan A rotating blade opning≮5%
8 Forced draft fan A outlet damper fully open
Forced draft fan B oil station control oil outlet flow isn't lower than
9
8L/min
10 Forced draft fan B oil station normal
Air preheater A and Induced draft fan A are in operation or Air
11
preheater B and Induced draft fan B are in operation
Forced draft fan B(as the second start-up air fan)startup permissive
Two
conditions test
1 Forced draft fan B rotating blade opening＜5%
2 Forced draft fan B outlet damper fully closed
3 No Forced draft fan B protection action
4 Forced draft fan B motor bearing temperature normal＜85℃
5 Forced draft fan B bearing temperature normal ＜90℃
6 Forced draft fan A or B is in operation
7 Induced draft fan A rotating blade opening ≮5%
8 Induced draft fan A outlet damper fully open
Induced draft fan B oil station control oil outlet flow isn't lower than
9
8L/min
10 Forced draft fan B oil station normal
Air preheater A、B ,Induced draft fan A、B and Forced draft fan A are
11
already in operation
Forced draft fan B alarm and trip conditions(Any of the following
There
conditions being met is OK)
Forced draft fan B surging and rotating blade valve position＞
1
20%，delay 10S
Forced draft fan B motor drive end bearing vibration value high high
2
,delay 2S(alarm 4.6mm/s/ trip 7.1mm/s)
Forced draft fan B motor non-drive end bearing vibration value high
3
high ,delay 2S(alarm 4.6mm/s/ trip 7.1mm/s)
132
Sequ
ence
numb
er
4 Forced draft fan B drive end bearing vibration value high high ,delay
2S(alarm 4.6mm/s/ trip 7.1mm/s)
Forced draft fan B drive end bearing vibration value high high ,delay
5
2S(alarm 4.6mm/s/ trip 7.1mm/s)
Forced draft fan B motor bearing temperature high high, delay
6
2S(alarm85℃/ trip95℃)
Forced draft fan B bearing temperature high high, delay
7
2S(alarm90℃/ trip95℃)
8 Forced draft fan B stator temperature high, delay 2S(℃/ trip130℃)
9 Boiler MFT and furnace pressure is higher than 1.4Kpa，delay 20S
Forced draft fan B is in operation and outlet valve is fully closed, delay
10
30S
11 Air preheater A、B both shut down
12 Induced draft fan A、B both shut down
13 Emergency shutdown(emergency button)
14 Regulating force overload alarm acts
15 Stall probe differential pressure higher than0.2Kpa alarm acts
Four Forced draft fan B outlet damper
Interlock open(Any of the following conditions being met is enough)
1 Forced draft fan B startup delays 2S
Forced draft fan A，B shutdowns delay 10S,send 5S pulse
Interlock close
2 Forced draft fan A is in operation and Forced draft fan B shutdown
delays 2S,send 5S pulse
Close permission
3
Forced draft fan B shutdown
Five Forced draft fan B hydraulic oil station
Forced draft fan B oil station normal(All the following conditions
should be met simultaneously)
Forced draft fan B oil station#1 or #2 oil pump is in operation
Forced draft fan B oil station oil supply temperature isn't higher than
1
50℃
Forced draft fan B oil station oil supply pressure isn't lower than
0.8Mpa
Forced draft fan B oil station oil tank level isn't low
2 Forced draft fan B hydraulic oil station oil pump interlock
133
Sequ
ence
numb
er
#1 oil pump is in interlock position and #2 oil pump is in operation, if
#2 oil pump trips ,interlock start #1 oil pump
#2 oil pump is in operation and #1pump is in interlock position, if oil
pressure is lower than1.0Mpa ,interlock #1pump and the alarm acts ,if
oil pressure is high,#1 oil pump trips and the alarm acts
#2 oil is in the interlock position and #1 oil pump is in operation, if #1
oil pump trips, interlock start #2 oil pump
#1 oil pump is in operation and #2 pump is in the interlock position, if
oil pressure is lower than 1.0Mpa,interlock start #2 pump and the
alarm acts, if the oil pressure is high,#2 oil pump trips and the alarm
acts
Forced draft fan hydraulic oil station electrical heater interlock
Electrical heater is in the automatic state and any oil pump is in
operation, oil tank temperature is low, the alarm acts and the electrical
3 heater operates automatically
Electrical heater is in the automatic state and any oil pump is in
operation, oil tank temperature is high, the alarm acts and the electrical
heater cuts off automatically
4 Forced draft fan B hydraulic oil station oil tank level low alarm
Forced draft fan B hydraulic oil station oil supply pressure is lower
5
than 0.8Mpa,lock the rotating blade
Six Forced draft fan B sequence control
Forced draft fan B sequence control conditions(All the following
1
1)Forced draft fan B is in the automatic position
2)Forced draft fan B outlet valve is in the automatic position
Forced draft fan B sequence control startup procedure
1)Forced draft fan B oil station startup
2 2)Close Forced draft fan B outlet damper and rotating blade
3)Start Forced draft fan B
4)Open Forced draft fan B outlet valve
Forced draft fan B sequence control shutdown procedure
1)Close Forced draft fan B inlet rotating blade
3
2)Forced draft fan B shutdown
3)Close Forced draft fan B outlet valve
2.4 Air Preheater Operation and Maintenance
2.4.1Inspections and tests before startup
2.4.1.1Clean the air preheater internal and make sure that there are no work-
134
order cards in the air preheater system.

2.4.1.2Make sure that no one is working inside the air preheater and all the
manholes, and that the overhaul holes are closed;
2.4.1.3Make sure that the air preheater seal clearance has been adjusted;
2.4.1.4Finish the air preheater’s related interlock protection tests according to
the related testing sheet.
2.4.1.5Use the hand-turning handle to make the rotor rotate for more than two
rounds in order to make sure that the rotor can rotate freely.
2.4.1.6Make sure that the soot blower steam pipe has been purged by auxiliary
steam and the soot blower has been installed.
2.4.1.7Air preheater fire-fighting water is normal and available;
2.4.1.8Make sure that flood, fire monitoring devices and rotor stall alarm
devices have been installed and commissioned.
2.4.1.9 Matching fire alarm devices tests
After the static commission of the fire monitoring alarm devices, ignite a
visible fire in the air preheater internal to test whether the fire alarm action is
correct or not.
2.4.2 Air preheater startup
2.4.2.1Air preheater startup conditions
(1)The air preheater startup should be carried out before the induced draft fan
startup.
(2)The air preheater startup can be carried out if the air preheater tests are
normal and the air preheater startup conditions are met.
(3)The air preheater startup conditions
(a)The air preheater supporting bearing oil temperature ＜ 45℃ or the
supporting bearing oil pump is already in operation.
(b) The air preheater guide bearing oil temperature＜55℃ or the guide bearing
oil pump is already in operation.
(c) The air preheater auxiliary motor is the outage state.
2.4.2.2 Switch on the rotor stall alarm devices;
2.4.2.3 Start the air preheater pneumatic motor and check whether there are
sounds of friction and clash in the preheater rotor, start the auxiliary motor and
the air motor shuts down automatically after all are confirmed normal.
2.4.2.4Put the main motor interlock into operation and start the main motor,3
minutes later the main motor starts automatically and the auxiliary motor shuts
135
down automatically, and then put the auxiliary motor interlock into operation
after inspecting and nothing abnormal is detected.
2.4.2.5Open both the gas-side and the air-side inlet and outlet dampers of the
air preheater;
2.4.2.6Check and make sure that the air preheater bearing oil temperature is
normal and the current doesn't vibrate widely.
2.4.2.7 After boiler ignition, put the air preheater soot blower into operation.
Continuous soot blowing should be carried out from initial ignition to boiler
no-oil combustion and soot blowing should also be intensified when the load is
low.
2.4.2.8Lubricating system oil pressure, oil temperature is normal and there is
no leakage in the system. Guide bearing oil temperature is lower than 60℃ and
supporting bearing oil temperature is lower than 50℃;
2.4.3 Air preheater shutdown
2.4.3.1 Before reducing the load, strengthen the soot blowing of the air
preheater;
2.4.3.2Shut down the induced draft fan and the forced draft fan
2.4.3.3 Close the inlet and outlet dampers of the air preheater.
2.4.3.4Check and make sure that the air preheater inlet temperature is below
100℃, before that, keep the air preheater rotor rotating;
2.4.3.5 Shut down the rotor stall alarm devices;
2.4.3.6 Shut down the fire monitoring devices
2.4.3.7Relieve the auxiliary motor interlock;
2.4.3.8Shut down the main motor of the air preheater;
2.4.3.9 Close the cooling water source of the guide bearing on the top.
2.4.4Air preheater operation and maintenance
2.4.4.1 When the air preheater is in normal operation, there should be no
unusual noises and the actuator operates steadily and frictionlessly. The motor
current shouldn't exceed the limits and there should be no evident shake.
2.4..4.2 The oil temperature, oil pressure and oil level of the guide bearing and
the supporting bearing lubricating oil system should be normal and the oil
quality should be qualified.
2.4.4.3If oil pressure rise of the lubricating oil system is found in normal
operation, check whether the oil strainer is blocked or not. If it is blocked, it is
necessary to change the oil strainer and contact the overhaul personnel to clean
136
the strainer.
2.4.4.4 In normal operation, the guide bearing temperature is within 55～80℃
and the supporting bearing temperature is within 45 ～ 70℃.If bearing
temperature rise or lubricating oil system temperature rise is found, find out the
reasons in time and adjust the cooling water flow of the oil cooler.
2.4.4.5Check and make sure that the oil level of the air preheater gearbox is
normal, the oil quality is qualified and the oil temperature is within 60～70℃。
2.4.4.6Diffusion is forbidden when the hydraulic coupling is in operation and
the oil temperature＜90℃ during the continuous operation.
2.4.4.7If the following conditions are found in operation, increase the times of
air preheater soot blowing .
(1) Air preheater outlet air pressure drops and flue gas differential pressure
rises.
(2)Boiler load changes grately.
(3)Boiler combustion condition is instable.
2.4.5 Air preheater soot blowing.
2.4.5.1After boiler ignition, put the air preheater soot blowing into operation
and the steam source of the soot blowing comes from the turbine auxiliary
header.
2.4.5.2The air preheater should continue soot blowing from the boiler ignition
to the load reaching 10%MCR,and after the load reaches 60%MCR,carry out
soot blowing once every other 8 hours.
2..4.5.3After the boiler load reaches 10%MCR,the steam source of the soot
blowing should be switched to the boiler steam supply.
2.4.5.4 Carry out soot blowing one time for the air preheater before the boiler
shutdown.
2.4.5.5 In normal operation, every shift should carry out soot blowing at least
one time for the air preheater.
2.4.6Air preheater water flushing:
2.4.6.1Sealing plate clearance detector has been isolated effectively.
2.4.6.2Air preheater flushing should be carried out during the boiler shutdown
and it is not permitted to be carried out when any air fan is in operation.
2.4.6.3 Before water flushing, check and make sure that all the drain valves at
the bottom of the preheater are open and there is no blockage in drain pipe and
flooding nozzle.
137
2.4.6.4When the water filling in the lye flushing water tank reaches 4/5,contact
the chemistry personnel to carry out dosing, open the steam heater valve to
raise water temperature in the water tank to 80℃ where heating should be
stopped, and start flushing pump to carry out flushing.
2.4.6.5Preheater cold end and hot end flushing should be carried out at the
same time.
2.4.6.6Open the inlet valve of the flushing pipe, control flushing pipe inlet
pressure at 0.53MPa,and control every flushing pipe flow rate at 150t/h,and use
the auxiliary motor to rotate at a low speed.
2.4.6.7In the process of flushing, check that all the drain pipes under the air
preheater are expedite.
2.4.6.8 After the heating surface is flushed clean, stop the flushing pump and
close all the inlet valves, and after all the residual water has been discharged
completely, close the drain valve.
2.4.6.9 When going in the air preheater to carry out inspections and clearing, it
is necessary to shut down the air preheater, cut off the power, carry out safety
precautions well, otherwise, the personnel are forbidden to go inside the air
preheater.
2.4.6.10 Before the air preheater is put into operation again, the air preheater
rotor and heat-transfer element should be at dry state.
2.4.7Air preheater failure management:
2.4.7.1Main motor overcurrent
(1) Reasons.
(a) The motor overloads or the actuator fails.
(b) The seal is too tight or the rotor is blocked because it is bent.
(c)Foreign substances enter and block the air preheater.
(d)Guide bearing or supporting bearing is broken.
(e)Air preheater is on fire.
(2)Solutions.
(a)Check every component of air preheater, find out the reasons and eliminate
the problems in time.
(b)If the current is too large and the motor is too hot, shut down the preheater,
close the air preheater gas inlet damper, contact the chief shift, decrease the
load to be below 180MW and contact the overhaul personnel to handle the
problems。
138
（c）If the main motor trips, check whether the air preheater auxiliary motor
starts automatically. If it can't start automatically, turn the air preheater
manually and at the same time, check and make sure that the corresponding gas
inlet damper, secondary air outlet damper and primary air inlet damper should
close automatically.
2.4.7.2 Air preheater reburning.
(1) Phenomena:
(a) Preheater outlet gas and air temperature increase unusually.
(b) Air preheater main motor current increases and shakes.
(c) Air preheater inlet, outlet flue gas differential pressure increases.
(2) Reasons:
(a) Long-term operation with low load, incomplete combustion, and some fuel
depositing on the heating surface.
(b) Air preheater soot blower fails, soot blowing is carried out regardless of the
regulations for a long period, or the soot blowing effect isn't desirable.
(c) During startup, oil gun isn't atomized well and oil drops deposit on the
heating surface.
(3) Solutions:
(a) Put the air preheater soot blowing into operation immediately.
(b) Keep preheater in operation and observe the air and gas temperatures.
(c) If the situation doesn't improve after the above handlings and the outlet gas
temperature continue to go up unusually, report to the chief shift to carry out
boiler emergency shutdown, shut down the induced draft fan, close all the flue
gas dampers, put the failure-side auxiliary motor into operation, open all the
drain valves and put the flushing devices into operation to extinguish the fire. If
the flushing pump can't be started, contact to start the fire-fighting water pump
immediately in order to switch fire-fighting water to flushing water system to
extinguish fire.
(d)After confirming that fire inside the air preheater has been extinguished,
shut down soot blower and fire-fighting devices, and close the flushing valve.
Close all the drain valves after the residual water is discharged completely.
（e）Carry out overall inspections on the damage situation of the rotor and the
sealing gland. If there are damages, the air preheater is not permitted to be
started again until everything becomes normal after overhaul and handlings.
2.4.7.3Air preheater rotor stops rotating.
139
(1) Phenomena:
(a) Air preheater rotor stops rotating and the outlet gas temperature goes up
unusually.
(b)The visual annunciator lights up.
(c) Preheater main motor ammeter indication reaches zero.
(2) Reasons
(a) The main motor and the auxiliary motor both fail or lose power.
(b) The actuator or the bearing is damaged.
(c) Dynamic and static parts are blocked, causing the motor overload.
(3) Solutions:
(a)When the boiler is in operation, if single preheater trips and the current is
normal and there is no evident shake of the current before the trip, it is
permitted to cut off the auxiliary motor interlock switch, shut down the
auxiliary motor and to restart the main motor. If the restart fails, reset the
switch immediately, close failure-side preheater inlet flue gas damper and
meanwhile, close the secondary air outlet damper and primary air inlet, outlet
dampers of the air preheater. Decrease the load to be below 60%MCR, start the
auxiliary motor barring, and pay attention to the change of outlet gas
temperature to prevent reburning.
(b) After the rotor stops rotating, if the sealing dices are blocked because of
thermal expansion, it is forbidden to drive the rotor continuously rotating by
the motor, carry out the operation according to the following procedure.
(c)Start the auxiliary motor for 5 seconds, then shut it down for
15seconds.Repeat this process for several minutes to make every part of the
rotor expand evenly.
(d) If the above measures are noneffective or unsuccessful, cut off the power of
the motor and commence the gear turning manually. In order to avoid damages
of the motor and the gearbox, only one person is allowed to operate the gear-
turning handle.
(e)If the rotor can rotate freely, put the motor into operation immediately to
make the air preheater operate, at the same time, put the preheater soot blowing
into operation until the heating surface is clean.
(f)When air preheater can't operate due to the gearbox lubricating devices
failure or the bearing failure, shut down air preheater and close both the air and
gas dampers of the air preheater inlet and outlet, report to the chief shift and
140
notify the overhaul personnel to handle the problems.

(g) If the induced draft fan and the induced draft fan have been shut down,
close the inlet flue gas damper of the air preheater that trips, isolate primary air
and secondary air, and turn gear manually. Hand-turning can be stopped only
after the air preheater inlet flue gas temperature drops to 150℃.
Safety Notices:
2.4.7.4 After the air preheater main motor trips, close the air preheater outlet,
inlet damper and reduce the boiler load. If the auxiliary motor isn't interlock-
started, turn the air preheater through manual devices until the main motor or
the auxiliary motor is put into operation or the air preheater inlet temperature
drops to be below 150℃;
2.4.7.5 From the boiler ignition to complete no-oil combustion, the air
preheater soot blowing should be put into operation continuously and should be
intensified when the load is high. Monitor the air preheater inlet temperature
frequently to prevent air preheater fire.
2.4.7.6When the discharge gas temperature of the air preheater outlet is found
to rise sharply, the negative pressure is found to fluctuate widely and once the
air preheater is confirmed to be on fire, close both the air and gas dampers of
the air preheater inlet and outlet, and put fire-fighting water into operation.
Shut down the boiler if necessary.
Appendix: Air preheater interlock protection table
Seq
uen
ce
Interlock protection contents
nu
mb
er
Air preheater A main motor startup permissible conditions(All the
One
following conditions should be met simultaneously)
1 No Air preheater A main motor protection action signal exists
Air preheater A shutdown(Both main and auxiliary motors of the air
2
preheater A haven't been put into operation)
Tw Air preheater A main motor interlock startup conditions(After all the
o following conditions are met simultaneously, delay 5S,send 5S pulse)
1 Air preheater A main motor interlock is put into operation
2 Air preheater A auxiliary motor operation signal disappears
Thr Air preheater A main motor shutdown permissive conditions(All the
ee following conditions should be met simultaneously)
141
Seq
uen
ce
nu
mb
er
Air preheater A inlet gas temperature＜205℃，choose two out of
1
three
2 Primary air fan A shutdown
3 Induced draft fan A shutdown
4 Forced draft fan A shutdown
Fou Air preheater A auxiliary motor startup permissive conditions(All the
r following conditions should be met simultaneously)
1 No Air preheater A auxiliary motor protection action signal exists
2 Air preheater A shutdown
Fiv Air preheater A auxiliary motor interlock startup conditions(After all the
e following conditions are met simultaneously, delay 2S,send 5S pulse)
1 Air preheater A auxiliary motor interlock is put into operation
2 Air preheater A main motor operation signal disappears
Six Air preheater A auxiliary motor interlock shutdown conditions
1 Air preheater A main motor is in operation, delay 2S,send 5S pulse
Sev Air preheater A auxiliary motor shutdown permissive conditions(All the
en following conditions should be met simultaneously)
Air preheater A inlet gas temperature＜205℃，choose two out
1
of three
2 Primary air fan A shutdown
3 Forced draft fan A shutdown
4 Induced draft fan A shutdown
Eig
Air preheater A secondary air outlet damper
ht
Interlock open conditions(Any of the conditions being met is OK)
Air preheater A is in operation(The main or auxiliary motor is in
1
operation),delay2S,send 5S pulse
Both the two air preheaters are shut down, send 5S pulse
Interlock close conditions
2 Air preheater A is shut down and Air preheater B is in operation, delay
90S,send 5S pulse
Close permissive conditions(Any of the conditions being met is OK)
3 Air preheater A inlet flue gas damper fully closed
Both the two air preheaters are shut down
Nin
Air preheater A primary air outlet damper
e
142
Seq
uen
ce
nu
mb
er
Interlock open conditions(Any of the conditions being met is OK)
1 Air preheater A is in operation, delay 2S,send 5S pulse
Interlock close conditions
2 Air preheater A is shut down and Air preheater B is in operation, delay
90S,send 5S pulse
Close permissive conditions(Any of the conditions being met is OK)
3 Air preheater A inlet flue gas damper fully closed
Both the two air preheaters are shut down
Ten Air preheater A guide bearing lubricating oil pump A
Startup permission
1 No protection action of the air preheater A guide bearing lubricating oil
pump A
Interlock startup(All the following conditions should be met
simultaneously)
Air preheater A guide bearing lubricating oil pump A interlock is put
2
into operation
Air preheater A guide bearing lubricating oil pump B operation signal
disappears,send 5S pulse
Ele
Air preheater A guide bearing lubricating oil pump B
ven
Startup permission
1 No protection action of the air preheater A guide bearing lubricating oil
pump B
simultaneously)
Air preheater A guide bearing lubricating oil pump B interlock is put
2
into operation
Air preheater A guide bearing lubricating oil pump A operation signal
disappears, send 5S pulse
Tw
Air preheater A guide bearing lubricating oil pump A
elve
1 Startup permission
No protection action of the air preheater A supporting bearing
lubricating oil pump A
2 Interlock startup(All the following conditions should be met
143
Seq
uen
ce
nu
mb
er
simultaneously)
Air preheater A supporting bearing lubricating oil pump A interlock is
put into operation
Air preheater A supporting bearing lubricating oil pump B operation
signal disappears, send 5S pulse
Thi
rtee Air preheater A supporting bearing lubricating oil pump B
n
1 Startup permission
No protection action of the air preheater A supporting bearing
lubricating oil pump B
2
simultaneously)
Air preheater A supporting bearing lubricating oil pump B interlock is
put into operation
Air preheater A supporting bearing lubricating oil pump A operation
signal disappears, send 5S pulse
Fou
rtee Air preheater A inlet flue gas damper
n
Close permission(All the following conditions should be met
simultaneously)
Air preheater A is in operation
1
Air preheater A forced draft air channel open（Forced draft fan A outlet
valve is open and the rotor blade 95%）
Air preheater A outlet secondary air valve fully open
Interlock open(Any of the following conditions being met is OK)
2 Air preheater A inlet flue gas damper open permission, send 5S pulse
Interlock close(All the following conditions should be met
simultaneously)
3
Air preheater A is shut down
Air preheater B is in operation
Fift
Air preheater A inlet primary air valve
een
1 Interlock open
144
Seq
uen
ce
nu
mb
er
Primary air fan A is in operation, delay 15S,send 3S pulse
Interlock close (Any of the following conditions being met is OK)
Air preheater B is in operation, and air preheater A is shut
2 down and Air preheater A inlet flue gas damper is fully closed, send 3S
pulse
Primary air fan A is shut down, send 3S pulse
Close permission(Any of the following conditions being met is enough)
3 Primary air fan A is shut down
Air preheater A inlet flue gas damper is fully closed
Sixt
Air preheater A fire alarm
een
Sev
ente Air preheater A sequence control
en
Air preheater A sequence control conditions (All the following
1
1)Air preheater A main motor is in automatic position
2)Air preheater A auxiliary motor is in automatic position
3)Air preheater A outlet secondary air valve is in automatic position
4)Air preheater A outlet primary air valve is in automatic position
5)Air preheater A inlet secondary air valve is in automatic position
6)Air preheater A inlet primary air valve is in automatic position
7)Air preheater A inlet flue gas damper is in automatic position
2 Air preheater A sequence control startup procedure
1)Start A Air preheater auxiliary motor
2)Start A Air preheater main motor
3)Shut down A Air preheater
auxiliary motor
4)Open A Air preheater outlet secondary air valve
5)Open A Air preheater outlet primary air valve
6)Open A Air preheater inlet flue gas damper
3 Air preheater A sequence control shutdown procedure
1)Close A Air preheater inlet flue gas damper
2)Close A Air preheater outlet secondary air valve
3)Close A Air preheater outlet primary air valve
4)Shut down A Air preheater main motor
145
2.5 Operation and Maintenance of Local Drum Water Level Gauge

2.5.1 Water level gauge operation of boiler cold state.
2.5.1.1Finish inspections of the general provisions before auxiliary equipment
and system startup (operation) 。
2.5.1.2Open the steam-side primary and secondary valves of the water level
gauge.
2.5.1.3Open the water-side primary and secondary valves of the water level
gauge.
2.5.1.4 Close the discharge valve.
2.5.2 The water level inspections of the cold boiler:
2.5.2.1Cold boiler water level is still, before ignition it is necessary to make
sure whether the water level of the water level gauge is real or not.
2.5.2.2Check the water level on the local water level gauge, there should be an
evident dividing surface, the water-side of the double colored water level gauge
is green and the steam-side is red.
2.5.2.3The method to confirm the water level is to slightly open the discharge
valve to discharge the water. If there is water flowing in the water level gauge
and water flowing out of the drain pipe, close the discharge valve, then the
water level returns to the original position. If there is no water flowing in the
water level gauge and no water flowing out of the discharge pipe, check the
reasons and avoid incorrect water level caused by blockage of the connected
pipe or the discharge pipe.
2.5.3 Operating the local drum water level gauge of boiler hot state.
2.5.3.1Check and make sure that water level gauge overhaul is finished, work-
order cards are all done, the equipment is intact and that the lighting is
sufficient.
2.5.3.2Check and make sure that steam-side and water-side primary, secondary
valves of the water level gauge are all at the close positions and the discharge
valve is in the open position.
2.5.3.3 Open the steam-side and water-side primary valves.
2.5.3.4Slightly open the steam-side secondary valve and warm the pipe for 15
minutes.
2.5.3.5 Slightly open the water-side secondary valve and close the discharge
valve, the water level should appear on the water level gauge immediately,
there should be slight fluctuation and the water level should be clear and
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visible.
2.5.3. Fully open the steam-side and water-side secondary valves alternately.
2.5.3.7After operation, collate it with the operating water level gauge of the
other side.
2.5.4Local water level gauge operation and flushing:
2.5.4.1In normal operation, the water level in the water level gauge should be
within the visible range and there is slight fluctuation.
2.5.4.2When the water level gauge is in operation, the discharge valve should
be closed tightly and there should be no steam leakage of the water level gauge
and its connected pipes.
2.5.4.3The water level gauge should be clear when it is in operation and there
should be an evident dividing line between the water and the steam. If the
water level gauge is blurry or the water level is still, flush the water level gauge
in time.
2.5.4.4During the water level gauge flushing, comply with the "Security
regulations", the personnel shouldn't face the water level gauge, they should
wear gloves and operate slowly, the method is as follows:
(1) After closing the steam-side and water-side secondary valves, then open
them half a circle.
(2) Open the discharge valve, flush the water level gauge and the steam -water
connection pipes with steam and water mixture.
(3) Close the water-side secondary valve, flush the steam-side connection pipe
and the water level gauge.
（ 4 ） Open the water-side secondary valve slightly ,close the steam-side
secondary valve, flush the water-side connected pipe and the water level
gauge.
（ 5 ） Slightly open the steam-side secondary valve and close the discharge
valve.
（ 6 ） Fully open the steam-side and water-side secondary valves alternately,
after the water level gauge restores operation, check and make sure that the
water level indication on the water level gauge is consistent with that of the
operating water level gauge in the other side. If the water indication is
abnormal or still unclear, flush it again.
2.5.4.5During flushing or operating the water level gauge in the hot state,
operate carefully. The pipe should be warmed enough to prevent great heat
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impact on the water level gauge. During inspecting and flushing, stand on the
side of the water level gauge and pay attention to the route of retreat to avoid
scalding or to prevent the water level gauge burst from hurting people.
2.5.5The water level gauge parallel-off.
2.5.5.1 Close the steam-side and water-side secondary valves.
2.5.5.2 Close the steam-side and water-side primary valves.
2.5.5.3 Open the discharge valve.
2.6Operation and Maintenance of the periodic blowdown flash tank
2.6.1Periodic blowdown flash tank operation:
2.6.1.1Finish the inspections of the general provisions before the auxiliary
equipment startup and system startup。
2.6.1.2The discharge valve of the periodic blowdown flash tank is closed.
2.6.1.3The isolation valves in front of and behind the attemperating water
regulating valve of the periodic blowdown flash tank are open and the
regulating valve is in the regulation state.
2.6.1.4After the periodic blowdown flash tank is put into operation, there
should be a little steam emitting from its steam discharge pipe.
2.61.5When the periodic blowdown flash tank is in operation, carry out
inspections regularly. The operating pressure is about 0.01MPa.If the pressure
is high, reduce the blowdown flow rate or the drain water to regulate it .
2.6.2Periodic blowdown flash tank shutdown:
2.6.2.1Close all the drain water sources that the periodic blowdown flash tank
receive.
2.6.2.2Close the isolation valves and the regulating valve which are in front of
and behind the attemperating water regulating valve of the periodic blowdown
flash tank.
2.6.2.3Open the periodic blowdown flash tank discharge valve
2.6.3Periodic blow down
2.6.3.1Periodic blow down should be carried out every night shift or be carried
out according to the chemistry requirements.
2.6.3.2 Usually, boiler periodic blowdown shouldn't be carried out along with
the boiler emergency drain and the deaerator emergency drain.
2.6.3.3Periodic blowdown should be carried out when the boiler operating
condition is stable and it shouldn't be carried out along with the operations such
as the boiler soot blowing and the pulverizing system startup and shutdown.
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2.6.3.4Periodic blowdown should be carried out after the consent of the boiler
master and the turbine master.
2.6.3.5When the blow down is started, first carry out draining and pipe-
warming of all the blowdown pipe. To avoid hydraulic shock, close the
blowdown valve and start the blowdown until the hydraulic shock is
eliminated.
2.6.3.6 When program-controlled blowdown is adopted, carry it out according
to the procedure.
2.6.3.7When manually-controlled blowdown is adopted, it should be carried
out point after point. Every point shouldn't exceed 30 seconds and the
blowdown of two points is strictly forbidden to be carried out simultaneously.
2.6.3.8When periodic blow down is done, report to the master and notify the
turbine.
2.6.3.9In the process of periodic blowdown, if anything abnormal happens to
the unit or the blowdown system fails, the blowdown should be stopped
immediately.
2.6.4Notices for periodic blowdown:
2.6.4.1 Periodic blowdown should be carried out according to the chemistry
requirements, the pipe should be warmed first before the blowdown to prevent
hydraulic shock.
2.6.4.2When the blowdown is in operation, make sure that the steam drum
water level is within the normal range and monitor the water level change
strictly. If the water level change is abnormal, close the blowdown regulating
valve immediately to shut down the periodic blowdown.
2.6.4.3Periodic blow down should be carried out under low load and pay
attention to prevent the water circulation from damages.
2.6.4.4After blowdown is finished, check whether the blowdown valve is
closed tightly.
2.7 Continuous Blowdown System Operation and Maintenance
2.7.1When the boiler water quality is unqualified, a certain amount of boiler
water is continuously discharged into the continuous blowdown flash tank from
the drum. After the mixture of steam and water is separated, the steam is
discharged to the deaerator and the drain water is discharged to the boiler
periodic blowdown flash tank. If the continuous blowdown flash tank fails
during operation, the blowdown water is discharged directly to the boiler
149
periodic blowdown flash tank through the by-pass. If the boiler water quality
worsens, this by-pass can also be used to increase the continuous blowdown
flow rate.
2.7.2Continuous blowdown system operation
2.7.3 Before continuous blowdown flash tank operation, check the following
items
2.7.3.1 Drain water regulating valve of the continuous blowdown flash tank is
closed.
2.7.3.2The isolation valves in front of and behind the continuous blowdown
flash tank drain water regulating valve are open and the bypass valve is closed.
2.7.3.3The bypass regulating valve from the continuous blowdown to the
periodic blowdown flash tank is closed and the manual valve is open.
2.7.3.4The isolation valve from the continuous blowdown flash tank to the
deaerator is closed.
2.7.3.5The inlet valve from the continuous blowdown to its flash tank is open.
2.7.4Put the continuous blowdown system into operation
2.7.4.1 Slightly open the drain water bypass valve of the continuous blowdown
flash tank.
2.7.4.2 Slightly open the continuous blowdown flash tank regulating valve A or
B, carry out pipe-warming on the continuous blowdown flash tank, and pay
attention to water level and temperature changes of the continuous blowdown
flash tank. Close the drain water bypass valve after all is finished.
2.7.4.3After the pipes are warmed completely , gradually open the continuous
blowdown flash tank regulating valve A and B, after the water level of the
continuous blowdown flash tank rises, use the drain water regulating valve of
the continuous blowdown flash tank to control the water level.
2.7.4.4 Open the isolation valve from the continuous blowdown flash tank to
the deaerator gradually to full opening.
2.7.4.5When the continuous blowdown flash tank water level is consistent with
the set point, put the drain water regulating valve of the continuous blowdown
flash tank into automatic operation.
2.7.4.6According to the chemistry requirements, open the regulating valve A
and B of the continuous blowdown flash tank to the required opening and close
the bypass regulating valve of the continuous blowdown flash tank.
2.7.4.7Carry out overall inspections on the continuous blowdown flash tank
150
after it is put into operation.

2.7.5 The continuous blowdown system shutdown.
2.7.5.1 Relieve the drain water regulating valve of the continuous blowdown
flash tank from automatic operation.
2.7.5.2 Open the bypass regulating valve from the continuous blowdown flash
tank to the periodic blowdown flash tank;
2.7.5.3Close A side and B side regulating valve of the continuous blowdown.
2.7.5.4 Close the isolation valve from the continuous blowdown flash tank to
the deaerator.
2.7.5.5After the pressure inside the continuous blowdown flash tank drops to
zero and the continuous blowdown flash tank has drained the water completely,
close the drain water regulating valve of the continuous blowdown flash tank.
2.7.5.6If overhaul is needed after the continuous blowdown flash tank is shut
down, close the isolation valves in front of the regulating valve of the
continuous blowdown A, B side, close the inlet valve from the continuous
blowdown to the continuous blowdown flash tank, and close the isolating valve
and the bypass valve in front of and behind the drain water regulating valve of
the continuous blowdown flash tank.
2.8 Operation and Maintenance of Flame Detection Cooling Air Fan
2.8.1Before the flame detection cooling air fan startup, check the following
items:
2.8.1.1Finish the inspections of the general provisions before the auxiliary
2.8.1.2The switch of the flame detection cooling air fan automatic transfer
damper is flexible, there is no sign of blockage and the damper indication is
correct.
2.8.1.3At least one forced air fan is put into operation.
2.8.2 The flame detection cooling air fan startup.
2.8.2.1 Start air fan A or B on LCD.
2.8.2.2Check and make sure that the flame detection cooling air fan outlet
damper switches to the operation side automatically.
2.8.2.3Check and make sure that the flame detection cooling air fan is in
normal operation, its outlet air pressure indication is normal and there is no
scanning air and furnace differential pressure alarm.
2.8.2.4On LCD, switch the preselection of the flame detection cooling air fan
151
to the operating air fan. Put the I&C and the electricity interlock into operation.
2.8.3The flame detection cooling air fan shutdown:
2.8.3.1When the boiler is in normal operation, the flame detection cooling air
fan should keep operating and it can be shut down only when the furnace outlet
gas temperature is lower than 80℃ after the boiler shutdown.
2.8.3.2Relieve the I&C and the electricity interlock of the flame detection
cooling air fan.
2.8.3.3 Shut down the flame detection cooling air fan A or B on LCD.
2.8.3.4 Shut down the inlet damper.
2.8.3.5When the boiler is in operation, inspections of the flame detection
cooling air fan should be carried out periodically, check and make sure that the
air fan-connected pipes, flange and the bolts are all intact and not loose. The air
fan and motor vibrations should be within the normal range. The motor
temperature, the bearing temperature and the inlet, outlet differential pressure
should be normal and the air fan inlet strainer differential pressure should be
within the set range.
2.9 Operation and Maintenance of Fuel Oil Equipment
2.9.1Fuel oil pump startup and shutdown
2.9.1.1 Before fuel oil pump startup, check the following items.
(1)Finish the inspections of the general provisions before the auxiliary
equipment and system startup (operation)。
(2) Hand-turn the gear and there are no sounds of friction.
(3) The oil pump inlet strainer has been cleaned and the oil drain valve is
closed.
（4）The oil level of the oil tank is above 2 meters.
(5) Check and make sure that the bearing oil level is normal and the oil quality
is qualified.
(6) Check and make sure that the cooling water is put into operation and
operates normally.
2.9.1.2 Oil pump startup.
(1) Check and make sure that the following valves are in the open positions
before the oil pump startup.
(a) The oil outlet valves of the #3、#4 oil tanks.
(b).The oil return valves of the #3、#4 oil tanks
(c) #3、#4 oil tank connection valves( they are closed when the oil tank is in
152
separate operation).
(d) The oil pump strainer inlet, outlet valves.
(e) The isolation valves in front of and behind the recirculation regulating valve
in the oil pump outlet.
(f)The oil pump bearing cooling water inlet valve.
（2 Check and make sure that the following valves are in the close positions
before the oil pump startup.
（a)All the air purge valves of the oil system pipe.
(b) All the effluent oil valves of the oil system pipe.
(c) The oil pump outlet valve.
(d)The bypass valve of the recirculation regulating valve in the oil pump
outlet .
(3)The oil pump startup.
(a) Make sure that the valve positions of all the valves are correct, report to the
chief shift after the inspections are finished.
(b)After receiving the startup order, turn on the oil pump startup switch, the red
lamp lights up and the green lamp goes out .Pay attention that the startup
current should return to the no-load current within the regulated time,
otherwise, shut down the oil pump immediately and report to the chief shift.
(c) After the oil pump startup is normal, slowly open the oil pump outlet valve
until to the full opening. Check and make sure that the oil pump outlet pressure
gauge indication is normal and use the oil pump outlet recirculation regulating
valve to adjust the oil pump outlet pressure.
(d) Open the outlet valve of the standby oil pump to the full opening.
(e) Check the oil pump operating situation, and make sure the vibration and
bearing temperature are normal.
(f) After the operation, record the startup time and report the startup situation to
the chief shift.
2.9.1.3The oil pump shutdown.
(1) Shut down the oil pump and put it into hot standby.
（a）Put the standby oil pump into operation and check that the operation is
normal.
(b) Turn off the operating oil pump switch, check and make sure that the red
lamp goes out, the green lamp lights up and the current reaches zero.
(2) Carry out overhaul after the oil pump shutdown.
153
(a) After receiving the pump shutdown notice, start the standby oil pump, check
and make sure that it operates normally.
(b)Turn off the operating oil pump switch, check and make sure that the red
lamp goes out, the green lamp lights up, the current reaches zero and that the
rotating speed drops.
(c) Close the oil pump outlet valve and close the isolation valve in front of the
strainer, open the effluent oil valve in front of and behind the strainer to
discharge the oil. Close the effluent oil valve after the oil discharge is finished.
(d) Report to the chief shift, contact the electricity personnel to put the power
on and carry out the related isolation measures well according to the
requirements of the work-order cards.
2.9.2 The oil pump operation maintenance.
2.9.2.1The oil pump operation should be kept normal when the boiler is in
operation.
2.9.2.2One of the pumps is in operation, the other is standby. The two pumps
should switch periodically.
2.9.2.3 When the oil pump is in operation, carry out periodic inspections and
monitoring:
(1) The oil pump operation is normal, the bearing vibration ＜0.06mm and the
bearing temperature ＜65℃。
(2) The oil pump outlet recirculation regulating valve action is in good
condition and the oil pressure is normal.
(3) The bearing oil level is normal, the oil quality is qualified and the cooling
water is expedite.
(4) There is no blockage in the oil pump inlet strainer, when the strainer inlet
and outlet differential pressure increases, the oil pump should be switched in
time and clean the strainer.
(5) Check and make sure that there is no oil leakage in all parts of the oil
system.
2.9.3The fuel oil tank operation maintenance:
2.9.3.When the fuel oil tank is in normal operation, conduct round inspections
every two hours, the items and contents of the round inspections are:
(1) Check and make sure that the fuel oil tank airway and the breathing valve
are expedite and that the cover of the oil-measuring hole is closed tightly.
(2) Check and make sure that there is no crack and oil diffusion in the welding
154
seam such as the temperature detecting points, the oil level detecting points of
the fuel oil tank, and the interface between the plates and the pipes.
(3) Check and make sure that there is no oil diffusion at the oil inlet valve and
outlet valve of the fuel oil tank, the bottom drain valve, the purge valve and
beneath the baseplate.
2.9.3.2Discharge the water in the oil tank every month or according to the
water deposit condition of the oil tank until the oil flows out. According to the
oil level condition of the oil-water mixture in the effluent oil basin, contact the
chemistry personnel to handle the effluent oil by the effluent oil disposal
devices and then transfer the filtrated oil into the oil tank again, and maintain
the low oil level of the effluent oil basin.
2.9.3.3The pressure relief of the oil inlet pipe in the oil bunker should be
carried out according to the pressure of the oil inlet pipe of the oil bunker, when
the pressure exceeds 0.15MPa, carry out pressure relief.
2.9.3.4The oil tank temperature is not allowed to be higher than 45℃，when it
reaches 40℃,open the oil tank showering valve in time to lower down the oil
tank temperature .
2.9.3.5 Periodically inspect the temperatures of all the detecting points and the
oil level high and low alarm. If anything abnormal happens, contact to
eliminate
2.9.3.6Carry out one collation of the local oil level with the oil level in the
control room every shift, If anything abnormal happens, contact to eliminate
the defects in time.
2.9.4 The oil pump failure management.
2.9.4.1The oil pump vibrates.
(1) Reasons:
（a）There is air in the pump.
(b) The oil pump inlet strainer is blocked or the oil level of the oil tank is too
low.
(c) The bearing is damaged or the impeller is unbalanced.
(2) Phenomena:
(a) The oil pump vibrates greatly and the operation is instable.
(b) There are unusual noises when the oil pump is in operation.
(3) Solutions:
(a) If there is air in the pump, vent the air.
155
(b)When the inlet and outlet strainer differential pressure is large, switch the
standby oil pump to operation and clean the strainer in time.
(c) If the pump bearing is damaged, switch the standby oil pump to operation
and contact the overhaul personnel to handle the problems in time.
2.9.4.2The oil supply pressure is low:
(1) Reasons:
(a) The oil pump outlet recirculation regulating valve fails.
(b) The oil level of the oil tank is too low or the oil pump inlet strainer is
blocked.
(c) The oil pump is defective.
(d) There is serious leakage in the oil system.
(2)Solutions:
(a) When the oil pump outlet recirculation regulating valve fails, contact the
overhaul personnel to handle the problems.
(b)When the inlet strainer is blocked or when the oil pump is defective, switch
the standby oil pump to operation and clean the strainer in time or contact the
overhaul personnel to eliminate the defects.
(c)When there is serious leakage in the oil system, report to the chief shift
immediately, shut down the oil pump, contact the overhaul personnel to handle
the problems and restart it only after the leakage is eliminated.
2.9.5Fuel oil tank abnormalities management:
2.9.5.1When the following conditions of the fuel oil tank are found, report to
the chief shift in time, conduct emergency isolation and take measures to
prevent oil leakage.
2.9.5.2The connected pipes welding seam is cracked or the valves and the
fasteners are damaged.
2.9.5.3Abnormalities such as crack, leakage, bump and dent etc. occur in the
fuel oil tank body.
2.9.5.4The fire happens and directly threatens the safety of the fuel oil tank.
2.9.5.5The oil diffusion occurs in the welding seam of the fuel oil tank body
and the oil and water diffusions occur in the baseplate bottom.
2.10 Operation and Maintenance of Soot Blower
2.10.1 Before the soot blower is put into operation, carry out the following
inspections and preparations:
2.10.1.1The conditions required of the soot blower operation:
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(1) The boiler is in normal operation, the combustion is stable and there are no
other important operations.
(2)The furnace soot blowing: the load is over 80% and the primary, secondary
steam temperatures are stable.
(3) During the startup and shutdown of the boiler, especially when the oil is put
into operation, the air preheater should keep soot blowing.
(4) The boiler negative pressure is normal and the induced draft fan and forced
draft fan operate steadily.
2.10.1.2Before the soot blower is put into operation, check the following items:
(1) Finish the inspections of the general provisions before the auxiliary
(2) In the cold state, all the drain valves should be in the open position.
(3) The instrument compressed air system has been put into normal operation
and the control air source of the pressure reduction valve has been put into
operation.
(4) the manual isolation valves of all the sootblowing steam pipes are in the
open position, the electrical isolation valve is in the closed position, air
pressure of the pneumatic regulating valve is normal and the pneumatic
regulating valve has been reset.
(5) The I&C gauge program control devices of the soot blowing pressure
regulating system, the instrument primary valve and the alarm devices all
possess the conditions of putting into operation..
(6) The gearbox of the soot blower running car and all the oil nozzles should be
filled with sufficient lubricating oil.
(7) The soot blower proper and the journey mechanism are intact, the
engagement between the two gears and the tooth rack of the running car drive
shaft is normal and the gear teeth shouldn't be unmatched. .
(8) All the soot blowers should be in the reset state.
(9) The electricity operating box of the soot blower possesses the conditions of
operation, the driven power source has been supplied and the local power
switch of the soot blower is in the position of "ON"
(10) Check and make sure that the power of the soot blowing control screen has
been supplied , there are no power supply failure alarm and soot blower failure
alarm on the control screen, all the isolation valves and pneumatic regulating
valves of the motor driven valves are in the "Close" state and the "Green Light
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" lights up, all the motor driven drain valves are in the "Open" state and the
"Red Light "lights up, and the T1、T2、T3 temperature low alarms act, P1、P2
pressure low alarm lamps light up.
2.10.2The conditions of the transfer between the normal steam source and the
auxiliary steam source of the air preheater:
2.10.2.1When the boiler load ＜ 10%MCR,the steam is provided by the
auxiliary steam source.
2.10.2.2When the boiler load ＞ 10%MCR ， the steam is provided by the
normal steam source.
2.10.2.3 Auxiliary steam source: from the auxiliary steam main P=1Mpa
T=320℃
Normal steam source: from the rear platen outlet header P=18.22Mpa
T=454℃
2.10.3The soot blowing operation:
2.10.3.1The soot blowing of the heating surface:
(1) Centralized automatic operation:
(a) When “The state and manner option switch of the soot blowing control
system” is turned to “Centralized automatic operation” position, all the soot
blowers can carry out automatic soot blowing according to the program.
(b) Press the “Program Reset” Button to restore the program to the original
state.
(c) According to the condition of the boiler deposit, confirm the group that is to
be operated, choose the soot blower group and press the “Group confirmation”
button.
(d) Press the “Program startup” Button, the soot blower carries out automatic
soot blowing according to the chosen group.
(2) Centralized manual operation
(a)When “The manner option switch of the soot blowing control system” is
turned to “Centralized manual operation" position, all the soot blowers can
carry out centralized soot blowing manually .
(b) Open the motor driven valve of the soot blower proper and the “Red Light”
lights up.
(c) Open the regulating valve of the soot blower proper.
(d) Carry out pipe-warming and water-draining of the soot blowing pipes, when
the drain pipe temperature low alarm which is on the control panel disappears
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and the water is drained completely, close the motor driven drain valve.
(e) Start the soot blower which needs to carry out soot blowing.
(f) After soot blowing, close the motor driven valve and the regulating valve
of the soot blower proper in turn and open the motor driven drain valve.
(g) In the state of centralized manual operation, only one equipment can is put
into operation one time.
(3) Manual operation on site:
(a) Turn the “The manner switch of the soot blowing control system" to the
position of centralized automatic operation.
(b) Open the motor driven valve of the soot blower proper and the “Red Light”
lights up.
(c) Open the regulating valve of the soot blower proper.
(d) Carry out pipe-warming of the soot blowing pipes to drain the water, after
the drain pipe temperature low alarm which is on the control panel disappears
and the water is drained completely, close the motor driven drain valve.
(e) When “The manner option switch of the soot blowing control system" is
turned to the position of “Manual operation on site", every soot blower can
carry out soot blowing on site.
(f) On the local control switch of the soot blower, start the soot blower that
needs to carry out soot blowing.
(g) After soot blowing, close the motor driven valve and the regulating valve of
the soot blower proper in turn and open the motor driven drain valve.
(h) Only two soot blowers are allowed to carry out soot blowing
simultaneously during manual operation on site.
(4) Simulation:
(a) The soot blower retreats from the operation:
When the “The manner option switch of the soot blowing control system"
is turned to the position of “Simulation”, when the program execution comes to
the soot blower which is in simulation, the program will automatically skip it :
execute the next soot blower. Choose the dial number of the soot blower that
needs simulating.
Press the “Skip Insertion” Button.
If it is necessary to confirm whether the skip is done or not, press the
“Skip Verification” button, and the red lamp of the soot blower which has been
simulated lights up.
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(b) The soot blower restores operation:

When the “The manner option switch of the soot blowing control system"
is turned to the position of “Simulation”, when the program execution comes to
the soot blower which is in simulation, the program will automatically skip it
and execute the next soot blower. Choose the dial number of the soot blower
that needs to be out of simulation.
Press the “Skip Reset” Button.
If it is necessary to confirm whether the skip is reset or not, press the
“Skip Confirmation” button, and the light of the soot blower which has exited
simulation doesn't light up.
2.10.3.2The air preheater soot blowing:
(1)When the boiler load ＜10%MCR,carry out air preheater soot blowing:
(a)The air preheater soot blowing must be carried out after the boiler ignition.
(b) Check and make sure that soot blowing steam source from the rear platen of
the boiler to the air preheater has been completely isolated.
(c) The 10%MCR lamp on the soot blowing control screen doesn't light up.
(d) Check and make sure that the valve state of the soot blowing system is
normal and open the soot blowing isolation valve from the auxiliary steam and
the air preheater.
(e) Press the “AHC Program Reset” button.
(f)Press the “AHC Automation” button.
(g)Press the “AHC Automatic Startup” button.
(2)When the boiler load >10%MCR, carry out air preheater soot blowing:
(a) After the boiler load >10%MCR, the 10%MCR lamp on the soot blowing
control screen lights up.
(b) Isolate the soot blowing steam source of the auxiliary steam.
(c) Check and make sure that the soot blowing state is normal, after the
measures of preventing the high pressure steam source from leaking into the
low pressure steam source have been taken, open the rear platen soot blowing
steam source.
(d)Press the “AHC Program Reset” button.
(e)Press the “AHC Automation” button.
(f)Press the “AHC Automatic Startup” button.
2.10.4 The items that require attention in putting the soot blower into operation:
2.10.4.1When the soot blower is putting into operation, pay special attention to
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the changes of main steam temperature, main steam pressure and furnace
negative pressure.
2.10.4.2 When there is no soot blowing steam, it is strictly forbidden to put the
soot blower into operation in order to avoid burning the soot blower.
2.10.4.3Soot blowing procedure: no matter how the soot blowing is carried out,
the order of the soot blowing should be: First carry out soot blowing on the air
preheater, then on the water-cooled wall, and then on the horizontal gas duct,
the back-end gas duct, and finally on the air preheater again (air
preheater→furnace→horizontal gas duct→back-end gas duct→air preheater)
2.10.4.2.10.4.4When the soot blowing of the furnace proper is carried out, it
should be done from bottom to top, that is, in the order of the first layer→the
second layer→the third layer→the fourth layer, and the soot blowing of every
layer should be carried out in the order of first on the front, rear walls and then
on the two side walls. The soot blowing of the gas duct should be carried out
pair after pair according to the direction of the gas flow, the order is :the bottom
of the dividing platen of the furnace outlet→the rear platen→hanger tube and
final reheater→screen tube and final superheater→low temperature
superheater→economizer.
2.10.4.5The furnace soot blower, the horizontal gas duct soot blower and the
back-end duct soot blower should be carried out respectively symmetrical.
2.10.4.6The soot blowing period:
(1) When the boiler is in normal operation, the soot blowing period is once a
shift. The noon shift and the night shift can stop soot blowing for the parts
whose dust deposit is little, but most of the soot blowers of the air preheater
and the gas duct should carry out soot blowing, and the all the soot blowers
should carry out an overall soot blowing every day shift.
(2) The soot blowing should be intensified on the boiler heating surface's parts
which are easy to deposit ash or when the coal quality worsens (the ash
quantity increases).
(3) After the boiler startup is normal, when the boiler load is over 80% or
before the boiler shutdown, an overall soot blowing of all the heating surfaces
should be carried out.
(4) After the boiler ignition, the air preheater should be put into continuous soot
blowing until the load reaches 10%MCR and from then on, carry out one soot
blowing every other 8 hours.
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(5) In the process of soot blowing, it is forbidden to open the manholes near the
soot blower to observe the combustion conditions. When the boiler combustion
is instable and when there are “MFT”, “RB” actions , the soot blowing should
be stopped immediately.
2.10.5 The soot blowing system failure management
2.10.5.1 The soot blowing steam source failures:
(1) Phenomena:
(a) T1、T2 temperature low alarm acts.
(b) Pl pressure low alarm acts.
(c) Pl high alarm acts.
(2) Reasons:
(a)There may be residua in the soot blowing pipes.
(b) The automatic regulation of the regulating valve fails.
(c) The soot blowing pipes leak.
(d) The drain valve is not open or the draining is not expedite.
(3) Solutions:
(a) Press the "Program Reset/Pause" button.
(b) Check whether the valve state of the soot blowing system is correct and
whether the regulation of the soot blowing steam source regulating valve of is
normal or not.
(c) Check whether the pressure switches and the temperature detecting points
of the drain pipes are intact or not.
(d)Check whether there is leakage in the soot blowing pipe line system.
(e)Check whether the drain valve is closed tightly or not.
(f) After the failure is eliminated and the soot blowing steam source is normal,
press the "Alarm Relief" button and then press the "Program Reset/Pause"
button，the soot blowing will continue.
2.10.5.2 The soot blower failure:
(1) Phenomena
(a) The soot blower motor overloads, the alarm acts.
（b）The soot blower operation overtime alarm acts.
(2) Reasons
(a) The mechanical actuator is too tight.
(b) The guide rail of the soot blower is bent.
(c) The motor is blocked.
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(d) The stop of the soot blower coupling is broken.

(3) Solutions:
(a) Press the "Program Reset/Pause" button.
(b) If the soot blower doesn't exit automatically, press the "Emergency Return"
button and check whether the failed soot blower exits automatically.
(c) Locally check whether the failed soot blower has exited or not, if it has,
reset the relay, delete the control screen alarm after the relay is reset and press
the "Program Reset/Pause" button to continue soot blowing.
(d) If the failed soot blower hasn't exited, try to exit manually, reset the relay of
the soot blower after the exit and withdraw the soot blower from the operation
state according to the simulation setting program of the soot blower.
(e) Press the "Program Reset/Pause" button and the soot blowing will continue.
2.10.5.3 The soot blowing power supply failure:
(1) Phenomena:
(a) The power supply indication lamp of the soot blowing control screen
doesn't light up.
(b) The driven power supply failure alarm acts.
(c) The left and right side power supply failure alarms act.
(2) Reasons:
(a) The control power supply and the driven power supply of the soot blower
haven't been put on.
(b)The fuse of the control power supply is burned.
(c)The fuse of the driven power supply is burned.
(3) Solutions:
(a) Contact the I&C personnel to find out the reasons of the power supply
failure and to eliminate the failures.
(b) Locally check whether the soot blower has exited, if it hasn't, use the handle
to exit manually.
2.10.5.4In the process of the soot blower operation, when the boiler has MFT,
the soot blower exits the operation automatically and the soot blowing system
shuts down automatically, otherwise, interfere manually to exit.
2.11 Air Compressor Operation and Maintenance
2.11.1The air compressor startup and shutdown
2.11.1.1Before the air compressor startup, check the following items:
(1) Check and make sure that the overhaul has finished, the work-order cards
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have been taken back, the site is clean and the lighting is in good condition.
(2) Check and make sure that the pipe lines and valves of the air compressor
are intact and have no leakage, the electricity system is complete, the air
compressor external is intact, the motor isolation is qualified, the power is
supplied and the cooling air duct is expedite.
(3)Open the blowdown valve at the bottom of the oil separator in the proper
and check whether there is condensate water, if there is, close the valve after
the condensate water is discharged.
(4) Check the oil level of the lubricating oil and make sure that the oil level is
above the center line. If the oil is not enough, contact the maintenance
personnel to fill the oil.
(5) Open the discharge valve beneath the rear cooler and close it after the water
has been discharged.
(6) Open the discharge valve beneath the air storage tank and close it after the
water has been discharged. The cooling water inlet valve and outlet valve of the
rear cooler are open.
(7) Open the outlet stop valve of the air compressor, open the vent pipe drain
valve of the air compressor, and close it after the water is drained completely..
(8) Check and make sure that the valves positions of the valves from the air
compressor to the air storage tank outlet system are correct (refer to the valves
operation cards).
(9) The drying devices of the controller work well and indicate correctly and
clearly. The freezer-style dryer is closed after discharging the water through the
bypass drain valve, the isolation valve in front of the drainer is open and the
drain valve of the pipe strainer is closed.
(10) Check and make sure that all the control buttons and instruments on the
control panel are complete and are in the correct positions.
(a) "The separator front~ The separator rear" manual valve is in "The separator
front" position.
(b) "Normal 一一 No-load" operation option switch is in "No-load" position .
(c)“ON/OFF 一一 Regulating valve control”is in “ON/OFF” position。
(d) The [White] light of the power supply indicating lamp lights up.
(e) The indicating lamps of the oil strainer, the air strainer and the automatic
startup and shutdown go out.
(f) The discharge air pressure gauge and the discharge air temperature gauge
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indications are correct.

(11) Check and put the cooling water into operation.
2.11.1.2The air compressor startup:
(1) After receiving the chief shift's order, commence the air compressor startup
and press the "Startup" button.
(2) After startup, check and make sure that the rotating direction of the air
compressor motor is correct (When observed from the other end of the motor
drive end, the rotating direction of the motor should be clockwise) and the
motor and the cooling devices of the rear cooler in the proper work normally.
There is cooling air going through the noise isolating cover.
(3) Observe the "Pressure Indication" gauge, the pressure of the "The separator
front" isn't lower than1.7bar。
(4)Observe and make sure that the oil level of the lubricating oil in the sight
mirror is above the center line.
(5) Preheat for 2 minutes in the“ON/0FF”“No-load”state.
(6) Put the control switch in the "Normal" "Regulating valve" position.
(7) Turn the pressure indication option switch to the "The Separator Rear"
position.
(8) Check and make sure that the air compressor system works normally and
the discharge air pressure increases to 0.6～0.8MPa。
(9) Check and make sure that the rear cooler, the drying devices, the deoiler
and the air storage tank are in good working condition..
(10) After the startup is finished, report to the chief shift.
2.11.1.3 The air compressor shutdown:
(1) After receiving the air compressor shutdown order from the chief shift, turn
the“Normal~ No-load”operation option switch of the air compressor which is
going to shut down to the “No-load” position and turn the “ON/0FF ～
Regulating valve control ”to the “ON/0FF” position.
(2) Operate with no load for 2 minutes.
(3) Press the shutdown button and check and make sure that the air compressor
stops operating.
(4) Close the outlet stop valve of the air compressor and open the discharge air
pipe drain valve of the air compressor.
(5)After the operation is finished, report to the chief shift.
2.11.2 The normal operation maintenance of the instrument air compressor
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2.11.2.1 Check and make sure that the oil level of the air compressor is normal,
if the oil isn't enough, fill the oil in time.
2.11.2.2Check and make sure that the oil quality of the air compressor is
qualified, if oil deterioration is found out, contact the overhaul personnel to
change the oil.
2.11.2.3 Check and make sure that the discharge air temperature is
normal(usually about 90℃)
2.11.2.4Check and make sure that the discharge air pressure is normal, that is,
within 0.6～0.8MPa.
2.11.2.5Check whether the oil strainer and air strainer indicating lamps light up
or not, if the alarm lamps light up, contact the maintenance personnel to handle
the problems in time.
(1) Check and make sure that there are no unusual noises when the air
compressor is in operation.
(2) Carry out water discharging of all the discharge valves in the air compressor
system once every two hours.
(3) Check and make sure that the cooling water flow rate is normal.
2.11.3The air compressor failure management:
2.11.3.1The instrument air pressure is low.
(1) Phenomena:
(a) The centralized control instrument air pressure low alarm acts.
(b) The pressure gauge in the air compressor separator rear indicates that the
pressure is low.
(c) The pressure gauge of the instrument air compressor pipe indicates that the
pressure is low.
(2) Reasons:
(a) The air compressor system pipes leak.
(b) The strainer, the cooler and the dryer are blocked.
(c) The air compressor fails.
(3) Solutions:
(a) Start the standby air compressor.
(b) Check whether the discharge air pressure of the air compressor in the low
pressure system is normal, if the system’s low pressure is caused by the air
compressor failure, then after the standby air compressor startup is normal, shut
down the failed air compressor and contact the maintenance personnel to
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handle the problems,

(c) Check whether the system leaks, if it does leak, isolate the leakage point
and contact the overhaul personnel to handle the problems.
(d) Check whether the inlet and outlet differential pressures of the strainer, the
cooler and the dryer are normal or not, if the differential pressure is high, open
the bypass valve and close the inlet and outlet valves.
2.11.3.2The discharge air temperature of the air compressor is high.
(1) Phenomena:
(a) The discharge air temperature gauge indication of the air compressor is
high.
(b) The air compressor outlet pipe is scalding.
(2) Reasons:
(a) The lubricating oil is dirty or its oil level is low.
(b)The cooling water flow of the air compressor isn't enough or the motor of
the fan fails.
(c) The temperature controller fails.
(d) The surrounding temperature of the air compressor is high.
(3) Solutions:
(a) Start the standby air compressor. After the instrument air pressure is normal,
shut down the failed instrument air compressor.
(b) If the standby air compressor can't be started, in the normal situation, open
the instrument air connection valves of the #3、#4 air compressor and after the
instrument air pressure of the #3、#4 air compressor is kept normal, shut down
the failed air compressor.
(c) Check and make sure that the flow rate of the cooling water is normal.
2.12 Operation and Maintenance of Electrostatic precipitator
2.12.1The electrostatic precipitator startup (the rectiformer model: GGAJO2-
1.0A/72KV).
2.12.1.1Before the electrostatic precipitator startup, make sure that there are no
people inside the electrostatic precipitator, all the manholes are already closed,
there are no people in the high voltage zone and the high voltage isolating
switch has already been turned to the operating position.
2.12.1.2 Start the heating devices 4～8 hours in advance and heat the porcelain
bushing of the insulator room, the post-type insulator and the electric ceramic
rotating axis, and avoid dew condensation and creeping puncture.
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2.12.1.3 Put the hopper heating devices into operation to dehumidify the
internal wall of the hopper.
2.12.1.4 Start the rapping device of the collecting electrode and discharge
electrode in the electrostatic precipitator to remove the dust on the electrode.
2.12.1.5 Start the main air draft fan and carry out preheating and drying of the
electrode system in the electric field.
2.12.1.6 Put the grounding devices into operation and put the high-voltage
power on.
2.12.2 Operations and inspections of the electrostatic precipitator.
2.12.2.1After the newly-installed or the major-overhauled electrostatic
precipitator is put into normal operation, carry out the performance test with
load, raise the voltage point after point, record the primary, secondary voltage,
the current and the conduction angle until the overflash happens, make the
ampere-volt performance curve, determine the best parameter according to this
and adjust the operation to the optimum condition.
2.12.2.2When the electrostatic precipitator is in operation, monitor whether
there are anything abnormal of the gauges and indicating lamps of the high-
voltage commute control cabinet and the control panel. In operation, record the
primary, secondary voltage, the current and the conduction angle once every
two hours. Every shift should carry out two periodic round inspections and
keep records:
(1) Check the devices in the low-voltage distribution room, there should be no
overheat, color change, burnt taste, unusual noises and oil diffusion.
(2)The oil color and oil level of the rectiformer are normal, the surface oil
temperature of the transformer is normal, with the highest not exceeding
85℃,and the silica gel doesn't change color.
(3)The damping resistance is intact and there is no leakage. There is no evident
electric discharge in the high-voltage rectiformer, the high-voltage isolator, the
direct current high-voltage lead wire, the link line and the top of the
precipitator.
(4)The temperature inside the high-voltage rectiformer control cabinet
shouldn't exceed the regulated permissible temperature. When it does exceed,
start the silicon control rectifier draft fan.
(5)In operation, when the electric field is energized, it is strictly forbidden to go
in the high voltage bay or to open the hole cover of the high-voltage isolator
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room to carry out inspections.

(6) The electrostatic precipitator proper, the pipes, and all the manholes etc
.should be tight and air-proof.
(7)The hopper and the hopper heating devices should operate normally and
there should be no ash blockage and ash leakage, the rotary equipment such as
the rapping devices operate normally, there are no unusual noises and
vibrations, the temperature is normal, the oil level of the gearbox is normal and
there is no diffusion.
(8) The heating devices and the temperature gauge in the high-voltage isolating
bushing room are normal.
(9)The safety guard and the console lighting of all the moving components
should be in the intact state.
(10) The rotating devices are filled with oil according to the regulated time and
the oil level should be kept normal.
(11)In operation, if any defects are found, fill out the record book and notify the
overhaul personnel in time. As to the serious defects, report to the person in
charge immediately and keep records at the same time.
2.12.3The electrostatic precipitator shutdown
2.12.3.1When the major equipment is shut down, the electrostatic precipitator
can shut down temporarily and turn the high voltage isolating switch of the
electric field to the grounding position. After the electric field outage, the
heating devices and the rapping devices should continue operating. The rapping
devices can stop working only after the electrode dust deposit has been
cleaned. Discharge the dust deposit inside the ash hopper but don't discharge it
completely.
2.12.3.2When the electrostatic precipitator shuts down for a long time because
it needs major, medium overhaul, it can be shut down as the temporary
shutdown. The rapping devices should work continuously for at least 4 hours
and then the heating system stops working. The dust deposit inside the ash
hopper should be cleaned completely. Cut off the power of all the electric
fields, turn off all the grounding switches of the electric field, keep the site
clean and keep records of the shutdown.
2.12.4 The electrostatic precipitator maintenance
2.12.4.1 Clean the dust deposit on the isolating parts.
2.12.4.2 Fill all the rotating devices with lubricating oil once a week.
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2.12.4.3 Fill the silicon control rectifier cooling air fan with motor oil every 3
months.
2.12.4.4Clean the dust deposit of the high pressure control cabinet and the
voltage automatic regulator internal and check the contactor switch and so on.
2.12.4.5Check the resistance and the heating elements every 3 months and
check the temperature-detecting elements every 6 months.
2.12.4.6Change the desiccant of the rectiformer breather once a year, carry out
the rectiformer oil pressure test once a year and the puncture average value
should be higher than 35kV/2.5mm.
2.12.4.7 Measure the grounding resistance(not higher than4Ω) of the
electrostatic precipitator once a year, and the rectiformer working grounding
resistance and the electrically-controlled devices grounding resistance shouldn't
exceed lΩ；
2.12.4.8If the electrostatic precipitator has been shut down for a long time, it is
necessary to take measures to avoid rusting inside the electric field and to
frequently open the rapping devices in order to avoid deadlock between the
beater head and the link lever because of the rusting.
2.12.4.9Carry out inspections on the grounding parts such as the electrostatic
precipitator housing and the rectiformer envelope etc. to make sure that they
are not loose and not seriously rusted.
2.13 Periodic Working of Boiler
2.13.1The execution of the periodic working should comply with the
regulations and the prescriptions of the related operation rules.
2.13.2The execution situation of the periodic working, the technical data and
the abnormal situations should be recorded in detail on the related report book,
the defects should be recorded on the defects registration book and the serious
defects should be reported to the related superiors.
2.13.3The boiler periodic working contents and requirements
Sequ
ence
Work contents Time interval Remarks
num
ber
Main operation
1 Every 1-2 hours
parameters recording
Rotating devices
2 Every 1-2 hours
inspections
3 Thorough inspection test Twice every shift
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Turbine, Boiler and Must be carried out

4 Generator big interlock Aperiodically before every
actions test startup
Collate the local water
5 level gauge with that of Twice every shift
the control room
The flushing of the mica
6 Twice a week
water level gauge
The soot blowing of the
7 Twice a week Long and Short
boiler proper
The soot blowing of the
8 Once every shift
air preheater
In manual
operation,
In normal situation, discharge once in 2
The pulverizer pyrite
program control hours, when the oil
9 discharge
should be put into quality is especially
operation bad, carry out
continuous blow
down
The flame detection
10 Once half a month
cooling air fan switch
11 The sealing air fan switch Once half a month
The pulverizer
12 lubricating oil pump Once half a month
switch
The forced draft fan oil
station oil pump switch
The air compressor
switch
The light up oil gun
15 Every 10 days
commission
Or increase
Once every night according to the
16 Periodic blow down
shift chemical
requirements
Or increase
The safety valve After every major
17 according to the
adjustment and test overhaul
requirements
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Chapter 6 Boiler Typical Accident Handling

1. Principles of Accident Handling
When the unit is out of order, generally the operators should handle and
eliminate the failures complying with the following methods and sequences.
Make sure that the equipment has really gone wrong according to the
indications of the instruments and the external phenomena of the unit.
1.1 Under the uniform command of the chief shift, handle the failures promptly.
All the operators are led by the chief shift, but can independently carry out the
operations within their own governing range (not involved in other operating
systems). Operators in different posts should contact each other timely,
cooperate closely, and make a timely report upwards grade by grade of the
failure conditions and the measures taken, in order to prevent the failures from
enlarging. The leaders and professionals on the spot should give necessary
guidance according to the actual conditions on the spot, but the command of
the chief shift on duty should be regarded as the authority. The commands of
the chief shift on duty should be all carried out resolutely except for those
bringing direct damages to human beings and the equipment.
1.2 Eliminate the damages to human beings and the equipment promptly, and
parallel off or shut down the equipment with failures if necessary.
1.3 Promptly find out the causes of the failures, take correct measures to
eliminate the failures, and at the same time pay attention to maintaining the
continuous operation of the equipment without failures.
1.4 There is a series of protective devices in the setup of this unit, which can
play a role of security and protection in the unit aiming at the failures that have
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occurred. When the unit is out of order, the security devices should react but
fail to react, operators should operate them manually to ensure the security of
the unit.
1.5 During the handling of failures, it is required to keep calm, analyze
thoroughly, judge correctly, handle decisively and act promptly. Iterate the
command after receiving, repeat asking if failing to understand the command.
After carrying out the command, report to the commander in time.
1.6 When finding the failures not prescribed in this regulation, operators should
make analysis and judgment according to their own knowledge, take the
initiative in taking measures, and report to the superior leaders.
1.7 When the handling of accidents is finished, operators in each post should
keep actual and detailed records on the shift log of the phenomena, time, place,
and the handling process of the unit failures respectively.
2. Requirements of Boiler Emergency Shutdown
2.1 Requirements of Boiler Automatic Shutdown:
Under any of the following requirements, MFT acts and the boiler is shut
down automatically:
2.1.1 Two forced draft fans trip.
2.1.2 Two induced draft fans trip.
2.1.3 The furnace pressure is high（＋3.24KPa）.
2.1.4 The furnace pressure is low（－2.49KPa）.
2.1.5 The drum water level is high（＋250mm）.
2.1.6 The drum water level is low（－350mm）.
2.1.7 Flame of the whole furnace goes out.
2.1.8 Lose fuel trip.
2.1.9 Load ＞30%, the turbine trips.
2.1.10 Load ＞30%, the generator trips.
2.1.11 DCS power loses 2S.
2.2 Requirements of Boiler Manual Emergency Shutdown
Use the button of boiler emergency shutdown to manually shut down the
boiler under any of the following circumstances.
2.2.1 MFT should react but refuses to react.
2.2.2 The feedwater and steam pipes are broken, and cannot maintain normal
operation or threaten the security of the personnel and equipment.
2.2.3 The boiler tubes explode and cannot maintain normal water level of the
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drum.
2.2.4 All the water level indicators are damaged.
2.2.5 The superheater and reheater tubes explode seriously, and cannot
maintain normal steam temperature and steam pressure.
2.2.6 The reheater steam is terminated.
2.2.7 Two air preheaters trip, and the boiler large interlocking fails to act.
2.2.8 Explosion occurs in the gas duct.
2.2.9 The boiler main steam pressure exceeds the safety valve action pressure
but the safety valve fails to lift.
2.2.10 The safety valve fails to return after acting, the steam temperature and
steam pressure decrease to the level at which operation is not permitted.
2.2.11 The air preheater cannot recover in a short time after the occurrence of
failures, which causes the outlet gas temperature to rise to 250℃.
2.2.12 The PH value of the boiler water exceeds the standard to a large degree
and still cannot meet the requirement after handling, lower than 7.5.
2.3 The Phenomena, Causes and Handling of MFT Action
2.3.1The main phenomena of MFT action:
2.3.1.1 The flame TV indicates no fire, the main steam pressure and
temperature decrease abruptly, and the furnace negative pressure decreases
abruptly.
2.3.1.2 Emitting acoustic and optic alarm, window icon alarm and CRT display
alarm are given, the memory printing is started up.
2.3.1.3 The indicating lamps of two buttons for boiler emergency shutdown
light up.
2.3.1.4 The causes of MFT action display.
2.3.1.5 All the fuel is cut off and the boiler fire is extinguished.
2.3.2 The process of MFT action
2.3.2.1 Close the oil trip valve.
2.3.2.2 Close all the oil valves and withdraw the oil guns.
2.3.2.3 Stop the igniter ignition and withdraw the igniter.
2.3.2.4 Shut down all the coal feeders.
2.3.2.5 Shut down all the coal pulverizers.
2.3.2.6 Shut down all the primary air fans.
2.3.2.7 Trip the turbine.
2.3.2.8 Trip the generator.
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2.3.2.9 Interrupt the sootblowing procedure, and withdraw the operating soot
blower.
2.3.2.10 Interlock trip one feedwater pump.
2.3.2.11 Interlock trip all the ESPs.
2.3.2.12 Send out the instruction of CCS which brings about the following
action:
(1) Switch the forced draft control to manual operation and maintain the
auxiliary air at the level before tripping.
(2) Establish a new control point for the regulating baffle in the induced draft
fan inlet, which forms a temporary control point for the furnace negative
pressure to prevent explosion occurrence inside the furnace.
(3) Shut down the superheated steam spray motor driven valve and regulating
valve.
(4)Shut down the reheated steam spray motor driven valve and regulating
valve.
2.3.3 Handling after MFT action:
2.3.3.1 Keep the drum water level normal.
2.3.3.2 Close the attemperating water stop valves of the superheater and
reheater.
2.3.3.3 Find out the causes of MFT action and eliminate it.
2.3.3.4 Carry out the furnace purge, and reset MFT.
2.3.3.5 Before MFT action, if the oil guns are in operation, carry out purging
when reigniting.
2.3.3.6 If the causes of MFT action are difficult to find out or eliminate
temporarily, stop ventilation, close all the air damper baffles tightly, and reserve
necessary operation of the auxiliary equipment. Keep the hot standby state of
the boiler and make preparations for restarting.
2.3.3.7 If the turbine HP and LP bypasses cannot be started, open the vent valve
to carry out pressure relief.
2.4 Shutdown of Both the Two Forced Draft Fans
2.4.1The phenomena of both the forced draft fans shutdown：
2.4.1.1 MFT acts.
2.4.1.2 The current of the two forced draft fans falls to zero. The color of the
window icon changes from red to green.
2.4.1.3 The total air flow and air pressure decrease to zero.
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2.4.1.4 The control of the two forced draft fans transfers from automatic to
manual operation.
2.4.1.5 Give acoustic and optic alarm.
2.4.2The causes of both the forced draft fans shutdown:
2.4.2.1Both the induced draft fans are shut down.
2.4.2.2 The electricity protection of the forced draft fan’s motor acts.
2.4.2.3 DCS acts mistakenly.
2.5 Shutdown of Both the Two Induced Draft Fans
2.5.1The phenomena of both the induced draft fans shutdown
2.5.1.1MFT acts.
2.5.1.2 The current of the two induced draft fans falls to zero, and the color of
the window icon changes from red to green.
2.5.1.3 Interlock trip all forced draft fans, the total air flow and air pressure
decrease.
2.5.1.4The control of the induced draft fans switches from automatic to manual
operation.
2.5.1.5 The acoustic and optic alarm is given.
2.5.2 The causes of both the induced draft fans shutdown
2.5.2.1 The air preheaters are all shut down.
2.5.2.2 The induced draft fan trip due to the motor electricity protection action.
2.5.2.3 DCS acts mistakenly.
2.6 Boiler Load ＞30%, Turbine Trips
2.6.1The phenomena of turbine tripping:
2.6.1.1MFT acts.
2.6.1.2The main steam pressure rises.
2.6.1.3 Electrical load sharply decreases to zero.
2.6.1.4 The pressure difference between the reheater inlet and outlet decreases.
2.6.2 The causes of the turbine tripping:
2.6.2.1 The turbine protecting devices act.
2.6.2.2 The turbine attendants manually operate tripping.
2.7 Drum Water Level Low Low
2.7.1 The phenomena of drum water level low tripping :
2.7.1.1 MFT acts.
2.7.1.2 The indication of the differential pressure water level indicator falls
down to below the tripping value－350mm.
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2.7.1.3 The drum water level low visual annunciator lights up.
2.7.2 Causes of the drum water level low
2.7.2.1 Automatic feedwater malfunctions.
2.7.2.2 The water level indicator or feedwater flow gauge indicates incorrectly,
which makes operators carry out a wrong operation.
2.7.2.3 The feedwater pump fails and the feedwater quantity cannot meet the
requirement.
2.7.2.4 The blowdown valve leaks or is mistakenly open.
2.7.2.5 Feedwater pipes leak in a large amount.
2.7.2.6 Water wall tubes or economizer tubes are broken.
2.7.2.7 Protection acts mistakenly.
2.8 Drum Water Level High High
2.8.1 The phenomena of drum water level high tripping:
2.8.1.1 MFT acts.
2.8.1.2 The indication of the differential pressure water level indicator rises up
to the tripping value ＋250mm.
2.8.1.3 The drum water level high visual annunciator lights up.
2.8.1.4 The main steam temperature falls.
2.8.1.5 With severely full water, water hammer occurs in the steam pipes,
steam escapes from the flange.
2.8.2 Causes of drum water level high:
2.8.2.1 The feedwater automatic adjuster malfunctions and the rotating speed of
feedwater pump rises abnormally.
2.8.2.2 The water level indicator or feedwater flow gauge indicates incorrectly,
which makes operators carry out a wrong operation.
2.8.2.3 Operators are inattentive and careless, monitor the water level not
enough, and fail to regulate in time or operate mistakenly.
2.8.2.4 The failures of the drum water level detecting point cause the water
level protection to act mistakenly.
2.8.2.5 The drum false water level results in operation not in time.
2.9 Furnace Pressure High High（＋3.24KPa）
2.9.1 The phenomena of furnace pressure high:
2.9.1.1 MFT acts.
2.9.1.2 Furnace pressure high alarm is given.
2.9.1.3 Each air pressure indication is abnormally high.
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2.9.2 Causes of furnace pressure high:

2.9.2.1 After boiler fire is extinguished, protection fails to act and operators
also fail to operate the boiler emergency shutdown manually. A large amount of
fuel enters the boiler and then causes furnace explosion.
2.9.2.2 The furnace purge has not been done completely, causing deflagration
during ignition.
2.9.2.3 The automatic regulating device of the furnace negative pressure
malfunctions.
2.9.2.4 The guide blade of the induced draft fan, and the baffles of the induced
draft fan inlet and outlet, or the flue gas dampers of the air preheater inlet and
outlet are closed mistakenly.
2.10 Furnace Pressure Low Low （－2.49KPa）
2.10.1 The phenomena of furnace pressure low:
2.10.1.1 MFT acts.
2.10.1.2 The indications of the furnace pressure gauge are abnormally low.
2.10.1.3 The furnace pressure low alarm is given.
2.10.2 Causes of furnace pressure low:
2.10.2.1 The automatic regulating device of the furnace negative pressure
malfunctions.
2.10.2.2 The moving blade of the forced draft fan and the baffle of the forced
draft fan outlet, or the air damper of the air preheater outlet, are closed
mistakenly.
2.10.2.3 The auxiliary air baffle fails to regulate or is closed mistakenly.
2.10.2.4 The boiler fails to be regulated in time after extinguish fire, causing
the furnace negative pressure to be excessively high.
2.11 Boiler Flame Lost
2.11.1 The phenomena of boiler extinguishing:
2.11.1.1 MFT acts.
2.11.1.2 When there is a signal of the coal pulverizer layer in operation, the
flame detectors of all layers indicate no fire.
2.11.1.3 The furnace negative pressure increases.
2.11.1.4 The steam pressure and temperature decrease sharply, the water level
falls instantly and then rises.
2.11.1.5 The flame detection TV indicates no fire.
2.11.2 Causes of boiler extinguishing:
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2.11.2.1 The combustion is not stable, and the oil guns fail to be timely started
for combustion supporting.
2.11.2.2 The coal quality is too poor and fails to be adjusted in time.
2.11.2.3 The air damper or the oil entering valve is closed mistakenly.
2.11.2.4 The layer coal pulverizer trips, and the oil guns fail to be timely
started；the coal feeder works abnormally.
2.11.2.5 The change of the primary air pressure is overgreat.
2.11.2.6 The water wall tubes explode seriously.
2.11.2.7 All the forced draft fans and induced draft fans trip; two primary air
fans fail; the station service is cut off, etc.
2.11.2.8 The automatic devices malfunction, and the regulating extent is
overgreat.
2.11.2.9 The boiler load is too low, the operating regulation is not appropriate;
air distribution is improper or the furnace negative pressure is too high.
2.12 All Fuel Lost
2.12.1 The phenomena of losing fuel tripping
2.12.1.1 MFT acts.
2.12.1.2 Close the fuel oil trip valve and oil gun angle valve.
2.12.2 Causes of losing fuel tripping :
2.12.2.1 There is no signal of the layer coal pulverizer in operation, and the oil
trip valve closes after the oil layer is put into operation.
2.12.2.2 There is no signal of the layer coal pulverizer in operation, and each
oil gun angle valve closes after the oil layer is put into operation.
2.12.2.3 The power is cut off.
2.13 Boiler Load ＞30%, Turbine Trips
2.13.1 The phenomena of turbine tripping:
2.13.1.1 MFT acts.
2.13.1.2 The electrical load falls sharply to zero.
2.13.1.3 The pressure difference between the reheater inlet and outlet
decreases.
2.13.2 Causes:
2.13.2.1 G-T unit protection acts.
2.13.2.2 The electricity operators trip G-T unit.
2.14 DCS Power Lost
2.14.1 The phenomena of DCS power lost: MFT acts.
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2.14.2 Causes:
2.14.2.1 The two circuits of DCS power are both lost.
2.14.2.2 DCS power is mistakenly stopped.
3. Typical Accident Handling
3.1 Requirements of applying for boiler shutdown
Ask for instructions from the chief shift to shut down the boiler under the
following circumstances:
3.1.1 The pressure-bearing parts in the boiler leak for various reasons.
3.1.2 A single air preheater fails and cannot recover in a short time.
3.1.3 The tube wall temperature of the superheater and reheater exceeds the
highest temperature permitted by metal, and cannot return to normal after
regulation in many ways or load decreasing.
3.1.4 The quality of the boiler feedwater, boiler water and steam is severely
below the standard, and cannot return to normal after adjustments with great
efforts.
3.1.5 The boiler slagging is in severe condition, which makes it difficult to
maintain normal operation.
3.1.6 High pressure steam and water pipes, and flanged joint points leak and
cannot be isolated.
3.1.7 The ash hopper under the furnace bottom fails to discharge slag for 12
hours.
3.2 Decreasing Load Due to Auxiliary Equipment Failures
3.2.1 The phenomena of RB action
3.2.1.1 The alarm of RB action is given.
3.2.1.2 The alarm window displays the causes of RB.
3.2.1.3 The electrical load decreases.
3.2.2 Causes of RB action (the unit load is higher than 60%)
3.2.2.1 One of the two operating forced draft fans is shut down.
3.2.2.2 One of the two operating induced draft fans is shut down.
3.2.2.3 One of the two operating primary air fans is shut down.
3.2.2.4 One of the two operating MDBFPs trips, and the standby MDBFP fails
to interlock start.
3.2.3 When RB acts, automatically cut off the operating coal pulverizers on the
top two layers through BMS, close the corresponding primary air baffles, and
put the oil guns on AB layer into operation for combustion supporting. When
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the two primary air fans are in operation, if the unit load is lower than 60%,
after one of them shut down, automatically cut off the operating coal
pulverizers on the upper two layers and close the corresponding primary air
baffles, but the oil guns on AB layer are not put into operation for combustion
supporting.
3.2.4 Manual handling after RB action:
3.2.4.1 The boiler combusting rate must be reduced to 50% or 60% BMCR
within one minute.
3.2.4.2 Find out the causes of RB action.
3.2.4.3 Pay attention to the drum water level and the superheated and reheated
steam temperature, transfer the automatic control to the manual, and control
them at normal values.
3.2.4.4 After the unit returns to normal, put each regulating system into
automatic operation.
3.2.4.5 If the induced and forced draft fans trip and BR occurs, handle the
situation according to the regulations of boiler single-side operation.
3.3 Decreasing Load Due to Accidents
Ask for instructions from the chief shift to decrease the boiler load under
the following circumstances:
3.3.1 The turbine HP heater fails and the feedwater temperature decreases,
which makes the steam temperature unable to keep normal.
3.3.2 The boiler is blocked by ash, slagging is severe, and it is needed to
decrease load for handling.
3.3.3 The boiler operating equipment goes wrong, it cannot meet the rated load
just depending on the standby equipment.
3.4 Main Steam Pressure High
3.4.1 The phenomena of main steam pressure high:
3.4.1.1 The alarm of main steam pressure high is given.
3.4.1.2 The indications of all the main steam and reheated steam pressure
gauges are high.
3.4.1.3 When the steam pressure reaches 19.02MPa, the electromagnetic
pressure relief valve should act.
3.4.1.4 When the steam pressure reaches above 19.22MPa, the safety valve
acts.
3.4.1.5 After the electromagnetic pressure relief valve or safety valve acts, the
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drum water level rises at first and later decreases.

3.4.2 Causes of main steam pressure high:
3.4.2.1 The load decreases sharply.
3.4.2.2 The safety valve refuses to act.
3.4.2.3 The primary valve of the electromagnetic safety pressure relief valve is
not closed, or the pressure relief valve is not put into automatic operation.
3.4.2.4 HP and LP bypasses fail to be put into operation.
3.4.3 Handling of main steam pressure high.
3.4.3.1 Take measures of decreasing pressure.
（ 1 ） Shut down partial coal pulverizer, and put oil guns into operation for
combustion supporting according to the combustion conditions. Stop the
pulverizing system operation if necessary.
（2）Contact the turbine operator to increase load or open HP and LP bypass
valves.
(3)Open the electromagnetic pressure relief valve manually.
3.4.3.2 When the main steam pressure exceeds the safety valve action pressure
but the safety valve refuses to act, the boiler emergency shutdown should be
carried out manually, meanwhile, take measures to decrease pressure.
3.4.3.3 After the boiler pressure is recovered, close the electromagnetic
pressure relief valve and contact the turbine operator to close the bypass valve.
3.4.3.4 Closely monitor the drum water level and the steam temperature
regulation, change it to manual regulation if necessary.
3.5 Water Wall Tube Leak
3.5.1 The phenomena of the water wall tubes damaged.
3.5.1.1 The drum water level decreases swiftly, the drum and main steam
pressure decreases.
3.5.1.2 The feedwater flow is abnormally larger than the corresponding
electrical load.
3.5.1.3 The flue gas temperature decreases, and the current of the induced draft
fans increases (the guide blade of the induced draft fan inlet is wide open
abnormally ).
3.5.1.4 The furnace negative pressure becomes lower or positive, there is steam
leaking out from the furnace somewhere not sealed tightly.
3.5.1.5 There is a noise of steam spraying in the furnace, and there is a
remarkable sound when the tubes explode.
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3.5.1.6 The combustion is unstable, and when it becomes severe the flame goes
out.
3.5.1.7 The boiler tube leak device sends out the alarm signal.
3.5.2 Causes of the water wall tubes damaged:
3.5.2.1 The feedwater quality is not up to the standard, the chemical treatment
of the boiler water is inadequate, and the tube internal creates corrosion and
fouling because of long-term operation.
3.5.2.2 During installation or overhaul, the tubes are blocked by foreign
substances, which causes water circulation in poor condition.
3.5.2.3 The water wall tubes near the burner are abraded by pulverized coal.
3.5.2.4 Water is badly deficient during the operation.
3.5.2.5 The inlet throttles of several water walls are blocked.
3.5.2.6 The production, installation and repair welding are of poor quality.
3.5.2.7 Slagging inside the boiler is severe and causes uneven heating, the
falling of massive slags breaks the water wall tubes.
3.5.2.8 The soot blower is installed improperly and the tubes are damaged by
blowing.
3.5.2.9 The coal quality causes high temperature corrosion.
3.5.2.10 Incorrect combustion mode or incorrect air distribution mode causes
corrosion.
3.5.3 Handling of water wall tubes damaged:
3.5.3.1 Report to the chief shift, and switch the operation mode to boiler
manual regulation.
3.5.3.2 If the water wall tubes are not damaged badly and can maintain normal
water level, they can be permitted to operate in a short time under the
circumstance of decreasing load. In addition, closely monitor the drum water
level and combustion inside the furnace, arrange the boiler shutdown promptly.
If the boiler shutdown is not arranged completely yet while the fault gets
worse, shut down the boiler immediately.
3.5.3.3 If the water wall tubes are damaged badly and cannot maintain normal
water level, carry out the following handling:
（ 1 ） Shut down the boiler immediately, maintain the operation of the
ventilating system in order to discharge the flue gas and steam inside the boiler.
(2)After boiler shutdown, carry on filling water as much as possible to maintain
the drum water level.
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(3) If the water level cannot be maintained after the boiler is shut down, stop
feedwater.
(4) After the boiler is shut down, the operation of the ESP should be stopped as
soon as possible to prevent the dust deposit of the electrode.
(5) Promptly wash down the ash in the ash hoppers of the ESP and economizer
to avoid ash jamming.
3.6 Economizer Tube Leak
3.6.1 The phenomena of the economizer tubes damaged:
3.6.1.1 The drum water level decreases, or the feedwater flow is abnormally
larger than the corresponding electrical load.
3.6.1.2 There are unusual sounds near the economizer.
3.6.1.3 There exists the phenomenon of water leakage or ash wetting in the ash
hopper of the economizer
3.6.1.4 The gas temperature difference increases between the two sides of the
economizer, and the outlet gas temperature of the water leaking side decreases.
3.6.1.5 The outlet air temperature difference increases between the two sides of
the air preheater.
3.6.1.6 The guide blade opening increases in the induced draft fan inlet.
3.6.1.7 The boiler tubes leak device sends out the alarm signal.
3.6.2 Causes of the economizer tubes damaged:
3.6.2.1 The feedwater quality is unqualified, and the tube internal creates
encrustation and corrosion.
3.6.2.2 The tube welding is of poor quality, or the tube material is defective.
3.6.2.3 During installation or overhaul, the tubes are blocked by foreign
substances.
3.6.2.4 The fly ash abrasion is severe, or reburning occurs in the economizer
zone .
3.6.2.5 The recirculating valve of the economizer is not open during ignition,
raising pressure or boiler shutdown.
3.6.2.6 The changes of the feedwater temperature or flow are too great.
3.6.2.7 The soot blower is in abnormal operation.
3.6.3 Handling of the economizer tubes damaged:
3.6.3.1 Report to the chief shift and switch the operation mode to boiler manual
operation.
3.6.3.2 Strengthen filling water to the boiler, and maintain normal water level.
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Report to the chief shift to arrange boiler shutdown as soon as possible.

Strengthen monitoring the leaking conditions and drum water level.
3.6.3.3 If the leakage is serious and strengthening filling water cannot maintain
the water level as well, report to the chief shift to shut the boiler down
immediately.
3.6.3.4 After the boiler shutdown, maintain the drum water level and close all
the drain valves. It is forbidden to open the recirculating valve of the
economizer.
3.7 Superheater Tube Leak
3.7.1 The phenomena of the superheater tubes damaged:
3.7.1.1 There are unusual sounds near the superheater.
3.7.1.2 The furnace negative pressure becomes lower or positive, and if it is
severe, the gas will whiff from somewhere not sealed tightly.
3.7.1.3 The feedwater flow is abnormally larger than the corresponding
electrical load.
3.7.1.4 The superheated steam temperature difference is large. If the roof
superheater, steam-cooled wall or low temperature superheater leaks, it will
make the downstream superheated steam temperature and the tube wall
temperature increase. If the platen or the final superheater leaks, it will make
the main steam temperature decrease.
3.7.1.5 The gas temperature of the superheater leaking side decreases.
3.7.1.6 The steam pressure decreases.
3.7.1.7 The guide blade in the induced draft fan inlet is wide open abnormally.
3.7.1.8 The boiler tube leak device sends out the alarm signal.
3.7.2 Causes of the superheater tubes damaged:
3.7.2.1 The steam quality is unqualified, and there is encrustation inside the
tubes.
3.7.2.2 Serious overpressure occurs in hydraulic test.
3.7.2.3 The superheater is of over temperature in a long term.
3.7.2.4 The installation and overhaul are of poor quality, or the tube material is
unqualified.
3.7.2.5 The superheater tubes are blocked by foreign substances.
3.7.2.6 The fly ash abrasion is serious, and the dust deposit in the superheater
causes corrosion.
3.7.2.7 The water wall slagging causes the gas temperature of the furnace outlet
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to rise, resulting in partial heating surfaces of the superheater to be of over

temperature.
3.7.2.8 Under low load, the attemperating water flows unstable, thus makes the
superheater create water blockage, causing damages to the superheater.
3.7.3 Handling of the superheater tubes damaged:
3.7.3.1 Report to the chief shift immediately, reduce the operation parameters.
Arrange the boiler shutdown as soon as possible, and switch the operation
mode to boiler manual regulation.
3.7.3.2 If the steam temperature cannot be controlled and threatens the
equipment security, shut down the boiler immediately and reserve one induced
draft fan in operation, in order to maintain the boiler inside negative pressure
and discharge the flue gas and steam inside the boiler.
3.8 Reheater Tube Leak
3.8.1 The phenomena of the reheater tubes damaged:
3.8.1.1 There are unusual sounds near the reheater.
3.8.1.2 The reheater outlet pressure decreases.
3.8.1.3 The guide blade in the induced draft fan inlet is wide open abnormally.
3.8.1.4 The reheater steam temperature is of great deviation or rises
abnormally.
3.8.1.5 When the wall reheater tubes explode, the furnace negative pressure
becomes lower or positive. If it is severe, the gas or steam will whiff from
somewhere not sealed tightly.
3.8.1.6 Under the circumstance that the unit load does not change, the
feedwater flow is increased.
3.8.1.7 The boiler pipe leak device sends out the alarm signal.
3.8.2 Causes of the reheater tubes damaged:
3.8.2.1 The steam quality is unqualified in a long term, and the tube internal
creates encrustation or corrosion.
3.8.2.2 The installation and welding of the tubes are of poor quality. The
material is unqualified or its production is defective.
3.8.2.3 The fly ash abrasion is serious, or the soot blower is installed improper
or abraded by the sootblowing steam in a long term.
3.8.2.4The tubes are often of over temperature during the operation.
3.8.2.5 In the processes of the boiler startup and shutdown, the improper
operation or incorrect startup and shutdown modes cause fatigue to the reheater
186
tubes.
3.8.2.6 Serious overpressure occurs in hydraulic test.
3.8.3 Handling of the reheater tubes damaged:
3.8.3.1 Report to the chief shift immediately, strengthen the monitoring of the
leaking places, and switch the operation mode to boiler manual regulation.
3.8.3.2 If the damages are not serious, reduce the load appropriately to maintain
the short-term operation, and apply for shutting down the boiler.
3.8.3.3 Keep the water level normal and arrange special person to regulate the
steam temperature.
3.8.3.4 If the damages are serious and the normal steam temperature cannot be
maintained, shut down the boiler immediately, and reserve one induced draft
fan in operation to maintain the furnace negative pressure, and do not shut
down the induced draft fan until the reheater pressure decreases to zero.
3.9Gas Duct Reburning
3.9.1 The phenomena of the gas duct reburning:
3.9.1.1 The gas temperature rises sharply, the indication value of oxygen
content is low.
3.9.1.2 The negative pressure inside the gas duct and the furnace changes
severely, the primary and secondary hot air temperature and outlet gas
temperature rise abnormally.
3.9.1.3 Sparks and gas are found from the gas duct doors and holes, when the
situation gets severe the explosion door of the gas duct acts.
3.9.1.4 The chimney emits black smoke.
3.9.1.5 If reburning occurs in the air preheater, there is a sense of heat radiation
or the casing is burnt to red, if it is severe ，the blockage of the air preheater
will appear in rotating.
3.9.2 Causes of the gas duct reburning:
3.9.2.1 The air and pulverized coal are not matched properly, the pulverized
coal is too coarse and the combustion is not complete. The pulverized coal is
brought into the gas duct and deposits.
3.9.2.2 The time of operation under low load is too long, the combustion is in
bad condition and the gas velocity is low, making the unburnt pulverized coal
deposit inside the gas duct.
3.9.2.3 The furnace negative pressure is too high, making the unburnt
pulverized coal drawn into the gas duct.
187
3.9.2.4 During the boiler ignition, the atomization of the oil gun is in bad
condition: when the coal and oil is mixed for combustion, the bad condition of
the oil gun atomization makes the tail-heating surface deposited by oil filth and
conglutinated with a large amount of unburnt pulverized coal.
3.9.3 Handling of the gas duct reburning:
3.9.3.1 If the outlet gas temperature is abnormally raised by 20℃，check the
gas temperature of each part immediately. Judge the reburning areas, and put
the steam soot blowers in these areas into operation.
3.9.3.2 Report to the chief shift, decrease the load, and switch the operation
mode to boiler manual regulation.
3.9.3.3 If the measures taken still do not work and the outlet gas temperature
continues to rise abnormally, report to the chief shift to operate boiler
emergency shutdown.
3.9.3.4 Shut down the forced and induced draft fans, close all the air dampers
and gas dampers, and forbid ventilation; if the air preheater is on fire, put the
fire fighting devices into operation to extinguish fire with water.
3.9.3.5 After the fire is extinguished, shut down the fire fighting water and soot
blower. Not until the gas temperature decreases to the normal and keeps stable
for one hour can the access door be open to check whether there is any spark
and dust deposit.
3.9.3.6 If dust deposit is severe after spontaneous combustion, restarting should
be done after managing to clean the dust deposit or to flush.
3.9.3.7 After the induced draft fans and forced draft fans are started, gradually
open the baffles. Ignition cannot be done until the outlet gas temperature shows
no rising phenomenon.
3.10 Failures Handling of Air Preheater
3.10.1 Switch the boiler operation mode to manual regulation immediately.
3.10.2 During the operation, when the main drive motor of some air preheater
trips, the auxiliary motor should automatically interlock start turning gear，the
boiler should operate with load decreasing immediately, and restore normal
operation instantly after finding out the causes and eliminating failures.
3.10.3 If the current is normal before the air preheater trips, restart the main
motor of the tripping air preheater. If the restarting succeeds, continue
operation, otherwise, keep the auxiliary motor turning gear. If the auxiliary
motor cannot start, start up the pneumatic motor to operate. If the pneumatic
188
motor still fails to, commence the turning gear manually and report to the chief
shift, apply for shutting down the boiler for handling.
3.10.4 If two air preheaters trip simultaneously, then the interlocking protection
acts, dispose as boiler emergency shutdown. If the auxiliary motor fails to
interlock start, commence the pneumatic motor turning gear, until the gas
temperature of the air preheater inlet decreases to lower than 150℃.
3.11 Auxiliary Power Interruption
3.11.1 The phenomena of auxiliary power interruption:
3.11.1.1 All the operating motors stop rotating, there is no gyrating sound. Each
of the ammeters indicates zero, the lighting in the central control room (CCR)
become dim.
3.11.1.2 MFT acts, flame in the boiler goes out.
3.11.2 Handling of auxiliary power interruption:
3.11.2.1 Before the power recovers, handle the switches of each motor
according to the boiler shutdown procedures. Press the shutdown buttons of the
two induced draft fans at first, then reset the other rotary machine buttons.
3.11.2.2 Make sure that the auxiliary motor of the air preheater is put into
operation automatically. Otherwise commence the turning gear manually.
3.11.2.3 Make sure that the flame detection cooling air fan is still in operation;
and pay attention to the change of the boiler water level.
3.11.2.4 Make preparations for the startup. After the power recovers, the boiler
can be ignited again, operating according to the hot startup.
3.12 Single-side Failures of Air and Gas System
3.12.1 Maintain single-side air and gas system operating when any of the
following failures occurs.
3.12.1.1 One induced draft fan fails and trips.
3.12.1.2 One forced draft fan fails and trips.
3.12.1.3 One primary air fan fails and trips.
3.12.2When the unit load is higher than 60% and any of the above failures
occurs, CCS automatically send RB instruction, trip the operating coal
pulverizers of the upper two layers, and put the oil guns of the lower layer into
operation for combustion supporting at the same time. Attention should be paid
here:
3.12.2.1 The tripping forced draft fan, induced draft fan and primary air fan
should be in isolation, the following baffles should be closed:
189
(1) The baffle in the forced draft fan outlet.

(2) The moving blade of the forced draft fan.
(3) The guide blade of the induced draft fan.
(4) The baffle in the induced draft fan outlet.
(5) The baffle in the induced draft fan inlet.
(6) The baffle in the primary air fan inlet.
(7) The baffle in the primary air fan outlet.
3.12.2.2 When the unit load is lower than 60% and a single primary air fan
trips, BMS will automatically cut off the operating coal pulverizers of the upper
two layers, but it will not automatically put the oil guns into operation .At this
time if the sign of the boiler extinguishing turns up, it should be dealt with as
MFT boiler emergency shutdown.
3.12.2.3 Carry out the regulation of the boiler conditions in time. After finding
out the causes and eliminating the failures, restore the normal operating mode.
3.12.3 Notices for single-side operation:
3.12.3.1 Restrict the upper limit of the boiler load, to avoid that the load being
too high causes the air quantity to tend to small and combustion to get worse.
3.12.3.2 Pay attention to monitoring the tube wall temperature of the
superheater and reheater, to prevent over temperature.
3.12.3.3 Pay attention to monitoring the outlet gas temperature, to prevent the
excessively high temperature from bringing damages to the equipment.
3.12.3.4 When the single side primary air fan operates, pay attention to the
pressure of the primary air main pipe, to prevent excessively low air pressure
from causing tubes blocked.
3.13 Handling of ESP Failure Shutdown
When the ESP is shut down due to failures, find out the causes of failures
and contact to solve in time. If the failures cannot be eliminated in a short time,
it is up to the chief shift to start oil guns for the purpose of maintaining low-
load operation, and apply for shutting the boiler down.
3.14 Feedwater Pump Failures
3.14.1 The phenomena of feedwater pump failures:
3.14.1.1 When the feedwater pump trips, the alarm signal is sent out, and the
feedback signal on CRT turns green.
3.14.1.2 The rotating speed of the feedwater pump is fixed at one position and
never changes,the controller operates ineffectively under either the “automatic”
190
mode or the “manual” mode.

3.14.1.3 The rotating speed of the feedwater pump decreases sharply,
correspondingly, the feedwater flow decreases sharply as well, no tripping
signal is sent out.
3.14.1.4 The rotating speed of the feedwater pump rises sharply,
correspondingly, the feedwater flow rises sharply as well.
3.14.2 Causes of feedwater pump failures:
3.14.2.1 The feedwater pump protection acts, or operators manually operate the
pump emergency shutdown.
3.14.2.2 The feedwater pump regulating valve or the scoop is blocked in some
position, or the feedwater pump trips under the mode of “remote control”.
3.14.2.3 The phenomenon of closing automatically happens to the feedwater
pump regulating valve or the scoop, the controller sends out the closing
instruction.
3.14.2.4 The phenomenon of opening automatically happens to the feedwater
pump regulating valve or the scoop tube, the controller sends out the opening
instruction.
3.14.3 Handling principles of feedwater pump failures:
3.14.3.1 When the feedwater pump has abnormal conditions, there should be
special person regulating the drum water level. Meanwhile, judge the causes of
the failures immediately.
3.14.3.2 Normally, two MDBFPs should be put into operation, the third in
intact and standby condition, and should be set at automatic position at the
same time.
3.14.3.3 The recirculating valves of three feedwater pumps should be put into
automatic operation if there is no special condition.
3.14.3.4 If there exits the possibility of the equipment being damaged, stop the
operation so as not to damage the equipment.
3.14.3.5 When regulating the drum water level, refer to the corresponding
relations between the feedwater flow and the unit load, and inspect the changes
of the drum water level. If the feedwater flow does not match the
corresponding load, take measures of stopping the operation of one feedwater
pump, opening the intermittent blowdown or reducing the combusting rate, to
assist regulation.
3.14.3.6 The feedwater pump can be switched to manual startup one time only
191
in standby condition and no interlock, but it is forbidden to start up

continuously.
3.15 Drum Water Level Indicator Damaged
Handling when the drum water level indicator damaged:
3.15.1 When any of the drum water level indicators is damaged, report to the
chief shift immediately and keep the load normal, strengthen monitoring the
electrical load and feedwater flow. The chief shift should notify the overhaul
personnel immediately to take emergency measures for restoration.
3.15.2 If the single-side local water level indicator is damaged or the water
level TV goes wrong, make repairs immediately and recover as soon as
possible, the boiler can continue operating. When the water level TV goes
wrong, it is required to collate the local water level indicators with the water
level indication on panel three times every shift.
3.15.3 If the local water level indicators of the two sides are unable to be
monitored, but the feedwater automatic regulation is normal and the indications
are reliable of both the panel electrical contact water gauge and CRT, it is
allowed to continue operation for 2 hours, and apply for shutting down the
boiler. If the feedwater automatic regulating system is not reliable, it is only
permitted to continue operation for 15 ～ 20 minutes according to reliable
indications of the electrical contact water gauge and CRT, and apply for
shutting down the boiler immediately.
3.15.4 If there are only water level indications of the electrical contact water
gauge and CRT, apply for shutting down the boiler.
3.15.5 If only the water level TV is available and all the other water level
indications go wrong, find out three points of the drum water level on CRT
promptly, and monitor the water level changing tendency by CRT. Report to the
chief shift and immediately apply for shutting down the boiler.
3.15.6 If there is no water gauge monitoring in the CCR, operate the boiler
emergency shutdown immediately.
192
Appendix
1.Conversion and Symbols of Common Units
(1) Length
1m=100cm=1000mm
1mm=100 filament
(2）Weight
1t＝1000kg
1kg=1000g
1g=1000mg
(3) Capacity
1m3=1000L
(4) Pressure and Liquid Head Height
1Mpa=103Kpa
1bar=1×105Pa
1 standard atmospheric pressure ：760mmHg=1.013bar=1ata
1 engineering atmospheric pressure=1kgN/cm2 ＝1at
1Mpa=10.197at or 1at=0.09980665Mpa
1at=10mh2O=735.5mmHg
1mmH2O=0.91Pa
1bar=1000mbar
Formula: Gauge pressure=Absolute pressure-Atmospheric pressure
Negative pressure= Atmospheric pressure- Absolute pressure
(5) Temperature
T=t(℃)+273.15K
t—Centigrade（℃）
T—Absolute temperature（K）
(6) Power
1MW＝1000KW＝106W
(7) Calorific value:
1kal=1000cal
1kcal=4.1828kj
1kj/g=0.24×103kcal·kg=240kcal/kg
(8) Several Economic Indexes
(9) Coal consumption rate: B＝B/N, B＝Q1/Qd·η
(10) Standard coal consumption rate: b’=B’/N(kg/kw·b), B’=BQd/7000
193
(11) Metal consumption rate: the weight of metal material consumed by

evaporation capacity per ton (t/t)
(12)Electricity consumption rate: Electricity consumed by producing 1t steam
(kWh/t)
(13)The classification of the boiler fuel, volatile content as dry ash-free basis:
Soft coal: Vr>20%; Brown coal: Vr=1~30% ;
Pyrite,gangue: Vr=5~10%; Blind coal: 13< Vr <20%
2.Thermodynamic Parameter Table of Saturated Water and Saturated Steam
(Arranged According to Pressure)
Enthalpy Enthalpy
Pressu Temperat Saturat Saturat Pressu Temperat Saturat Saturat
re ure ed ed re ure ed ed
Water Steam Water Steam
MPa ℃ KJ/Kg KJ/Kg MPa ℃ KJ/Kg KJ/Kg
0.010 45.8328 191.83 2584.8 1.70 204.307 871.84 2793.4
0.020 60.0864 251.45 2609.9 1.80 207.111 884.57 2794.8
0.030 69.1240 289.30 2625.4 1.90 209.797 896.81 2796.1
0.040 75.8856 317.65 2636.9 2.00 212.375 908.59 2797.2
0.050 81.3453 340.56 2646.0 2.20 217.244 930.95 2799.1
0.060 85.9539 359.93 2653.6 2.40 221.783 951.93 2800.4
0.070 89.9591 376.77 2660.1 2.60 226.037 971.72 2801.4
0.080 93.5124 391.72 2665.8 2.80 230.047 990.49 2802.0
0.090 96.7134 405.21 2670.0 3.0 233.841 1008.4 2802.3
0.10 99.632 417.51 2675.4 3.5 242.540 1049.8 2802.0
0.12 104.808 439.36 2683.4 4.0 250.333 1087.4 2800.3
0.14 109.315 458.42 2690.3 5.0 263.911 1154.5 2794.2
0.16 113.320 475.38 2696.2 6.0 275.550 1213.7 2785.0
0.18 116.933 490.70 2701.5 7.0 285.790 1267.4 2773.5
0.20 120.231 504.70 2706.3 8.0 294.968 1317.1 2759.9
0.25 127.430 535.34 2716.4 9.0 303.306 1363.7 2744.6
0.30 133.540 561.43 2724.7 10.0 310.961 1408.0 2727.7
0.40 143.623 604.67 2737.6 11.0 318.045 1450.6 2709.3
0.50 151.844 640.12 2747.5 12.0 324.646 1491.8 2689.2
0.60 158.838 670.42 2755.5 13.0 330.827 1532.0 2667.0
0.70 164.956 697.06 2762.0 14.0 336.342 1571.6 2642.4
0.80 170.415 720.94 2767.5 15.0 342.131 1611.0 2615.0
0.90 175.358 742.64 2772.1 16.0 347.328 1650.5 2584.9
1.00 179.884 762.61 2776.2 17.0 352.263 1691.7 2551.6
1.10 184.067 781.13 2779.7 18.0 356.957 1734.8 2513.9
1.20 187.961 798.43 2782.7 19.0 361.431 1778.7 2470.6
194
Pressu Temperat Enthalpy Pressu Temperat Enthalpy

re
1.30 ure
191.609 814.70 2785.4 re
20.0 ure
365.702 1826.5 2418.4
1.40 195.042 830.07 2787.8 21.0 369.784 1886.3 2347.6
1.50 198.289 844.67 2789.9 22.0 373.692 2011.1 2195.6
1.60 201.372 858.56 2791.7
Notice: (1) 1bar=0.1Mpa
(2) Critical pressure 2255bat=221.20bar
(3) Critical temperature is 373.99℃.
3. Symbols and Units Table Used by Operation and Maintenance Manual:
Unit Remarks
Name Symbol
Chinese English
Absolute
Pressure P 兆帕 MPa
Pressure
Flow D 吨/时 t/h
Flow D 米 3/时 M3/h
Flow D 米 3/秒 M3/S
Temperature T 度 ℃
Vacuum H 兆帕 9 千帕 MPa Celsiur Scale
Heat
Consumption Q 千焦耳/千瓦时 kJ/kWh
Rate
Steam
Consumption D 千克/千瓦时 kg/kWh
Rate
Extraction
D 千克/时 kg/h
Quantity
Temperature
Increasing(Decre 度/分 ℃/min
asing)Speed
Axial
Displacement(Dif
毫米 Mm
ferential
Expansion )
Revolution per
N 转/分 r/min
Minute
Vibration Value 毫米 Mm
Length(Height) L(H) 米 M
Area 米2 M2
Volume V 米3 M3
Oil Level of Oil
H 毫米 Mm
Tank
Intake Height H 米 M
195
Pumping Head △H 米 M
Cavitation
H 米 M
Margin
Water Resistance △P 米水柱 mH2O
Weight W 吨 t1
Diameter Ф 毫米 Mm
Rigidity YD 摩尔/升 ml/L
Rigidity YD 微摩尔/升 μl/L
Alkalinity JD 毫克当量/升 me/L
Alkalinity JD 微克当量/升 μe/L
Acidity SD 毫克当量/升 me/L
Acidity SD 微克当量/升 μe/L
Silicon SIO2 毫克/升 mg/L
Silicon SIO2 微克/升 μg/L
Sodium Na 微克/升 μg/L
Copper Cu 微克/升 μg/L
Iron Fe 微克/升 μg/L
Hydrazine N2H2 微克/升 μg/L
Turbidity ZD 毫克/升 mg/L
Dissolved
O2 微克/升 μg/L
Oxygen
Conductivity DD 微姆欧/厘米 μΩ/cm
Carbon Dioxide CO2 微克当量/升 μe/L
Ammonia NH3 毫克/升 Mg/L
PH Value PH ___ ___
Flocculation of
Aluminum LN 微克当量/升 μe/L
Sulfate
千伏安、兆
Capacity S KVA、MVA
伏安
Active Power P 瓦、千瓦、兆瓦 W、KW、MW
Reactive Power Q 乏、千乏 VAR、KVAR
伏（特）、千
Voltage U V、KV
伏（特）
安（培）、千
Current I A、KA
安（培）
Electrical Energy 升瓦时 kWh
Frequency Hz 周/秒 C/S
Storage Capacity 安时 Ah
Time T 秒、微秒 S、 μS
欧姆、兆欧
Resistance R Ω、 M
（姆）
196
亨（利）、毫
Inductance L H、 Mh
亨（利）
法（拉）、微
Capacitance C f、 μf
法（拉）
197
4.Boiler cold start-up curve
198
199
5.Boiler warm start-up curve
200
6. Boiler hot start-up curve
201
7. Boiler extremely start-up curve
202

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4×300MW Coal fired power plant boiler operation manual of India Richy

1. PRINCIPLES OF ACCIDENT HANDLING......................................................................180

CHAPTER 1 Specifications of the Boiler Equipment

1.2 Design Specification of the Boiler

Marked Elevation of the drum center line: 64.0m

1.4 Main technology performance of the boiler

Pulverized Coal Jet

Primary Air Velocity m/s 25

1.4.4 Standard of Boiler Water and Steam Quality

3 Oxygen mg/ L ≤0.007

7 Rated Rotating Speed rpm 1490

7 Inlet Density 0.8397 0.8397 0.8051 kg/m3

and Lubricating Oil

Calculated Draft Flow t/h 62.2

6 Motor Rotating Speed rpm 1440

Normal Oil Supplying

6 Belt Width mm 840

Motor Power KW 7.5

4 Transporting Medium NO.0 Light Diesel Oil

Total Output of 12 Oil

12 Driving Speed cm/s 3.8

Line tubular burry line , Q235

2.13.2 Technical Data of SFZ Type Enclosed Vibrating Conveyer

2.13.3Main Technical Data of NE Type Elevator

3.2.8 Furnace pressure is at high Ⅱvalue (select 2 out of 3)

3.5.1.12The light oil fast valves are fully closed;

3.6.2.4 Heavy oil system is normal.

valves—advance the ignition gun—open the purge valve (purge for 5

CMDOPEN （ Startup Instruction: the ignition guns are advanced to the

(2) Sequence control of corner startup and layer startup

Chapter2 Boiler Startup

1.2.1.2 Furnace pressure.

available, advancing and retreating flexibly.

4.2.1.16 The oil leakage test is qualified.

4.4 Raising the Boiler Temperature and Pressure

reheated steam temperature stable at around 340℃ and 320℃ respectively.

6.4 Increasing Load to 105MW

not more than

6.7 Increasing Load to 300MW

Chapter 3 Normal Operation and Maintenance of the Boiler

1. Routine maintenance and seasonal preventive measures

Scanning air /furnace 6000

3.2 Boiler load regulations

flue long retractable sootblower－back-end flue long retractable sootblower－

determined by the requirement of the chemistry personnel.

Chapter 4 Boiler Shutdown

gradually reduce coal feeding quantity according to the load decreasing

preservation, and the air preheater still carry on rotating.

8.2The Means of Maintenance

Chapter5 Startup, Shutdown, Operation and Maintenance of Boiler

rotary machine proper and the motor internal.

logic of auxiliary equipment stop.

compulsory startup fails, it is not allowed to start again, here it is necessary to

bearing temperature high during the equipment operates with defects.

(6) The oil level of the fan bearing is normal.

2.1.3.4 Pulverizer startup:

pressure shouldn't be lower than 0.13MPa.If it is lower than 0.12MPa, the

2.3 Forced Draft Fan Operation and Maintenance