G.R. No.

L-17304             May 22, 1922

In re will of Maria Roque y Paraiso, deceased.

Lucero and Tengo for appellant.

VILLAMOR, J.:

It appears from the record of the case that on July 9, 1918, Maria Roque y Paraiso, the widow of
Bruno Valenzuela, resident of the barrio of Mambog, municipality of Malolos, Province of Bulacan,
executed her last will and testament in the Tagalog dialect with the help of Vicente Platon and in the
presence of three witnesses who signed the attestation clause and each of the four pages of the
testament. Maria Roque died on December 3, 1919, and when her will was filed in court for probate,
it was contested by Ludovico Roque on the ground that it had not been prepared nor executed in
conformity with the requirements and solemnities prescribed by law.

After due proceedings had been had, the Court of First Instance of Bulacan by its decision rendered
on February 27th of the following year, pronounced the testament in question valid, and ordered its
probate, appointing Ceferino Aldaba as the administrator of the estate.

The errors assigned by the appellant are two, to wit: "That each and every folio of the said testament
is not paged correlatively in letter," and "that the said will lacks the attestation clause required by
law."

We have examined document Exhibit 4 which is the will in question and we find at the end thereof
the following in Tagalog which translated into English reads:

This document expresses my last and spontaneous will, and is my last will and testament,
which was drawn by the lawyer, Don Vicente Platon, at my direction, and everything
contained in this testament has been ordained and directed by me to said Vicente Platon in
order that it might be embodied in this testament, and after this testament has been drawn
up, I directed him to read it so that I might hear all its contents, and I have heard and
understood all the contents of this document which is my last will, wherefore, and not
knowing how to write, I have requested Don Vicente Platon to write and sign my name in my
stead hereon; I declare that this testament is composed of four sheets, actually used, that
the sheets are paged with the letter A, B, C, and d, and above my name I have placed the
thumb mark of my right hand in the presence of the subscribing witnesses, and that all the
witnesses have signed in my presence and of each other here at Malolos, Bulacan, this 9th
day of the month of July, 1918; and I also declare that at my request Don Vicente Platon has
written my name on the left margin of all pages of this testament, in the presence of the
witnesses, and all the witnesses have also signed all the pages of this testament on the left
margin in my presence and that of each other.

X (Her thumb mark)

(Sgd.) CEFERINO ALDABA.

In reality, it appears that it is the testatrix who makes the declaration about the points contained in
the above described paragraph; however, as the witnesses, together with the testatrix, have signed
the said declaration, we are of the opinion and so hold that the words above quoted of the testament
constitute a sufficient compliance with the requirements of section 1 of Act No. 2645 which provides
that:

The attestation shall state the number of sheets or pages used, upon which the will is written,
and the fact that the testator signed the will and every page thereof, or caused some other
person to write his name, under his express direction, in the presence of three witnesses,
and the latter witnessed and signed the will and all the pages thereof in the presence of the
testator and of each other.

In regard to the other assignment of error, to wit, that each of the folios of the said testament is not
paged correlatively in letters "one." "two," "three," etc., but only with the letters A, B, C, etc., we are
of the opinion that this method of indicating the paging of the testament is a compliance with the
spirit of the law, since either one of the two ways above-mentioned indicates the correlation of the
pages and serves to prevent the loss of any of them. It might be said that the object of the law in
requiring that the paging be made in letters is to make falsification more difficult, but it should be
noted that since all the pages of the testament are signed at the margin by the testatrix and the
witnesses, the difficulty of forging the signatures in either case remains the same. In other words the
more or less degree of facility to imitate the writing of the letters A, B, C, etc., does not make for the
easiness to forge the signature. And as in the present case there exists the guaranty of the
authenticity of the testament, consisting in the signatures on the left marging of the testament and
the paging thereof as declared in the attestation clause, the holding of this court in Abangan vs.
Abangan (40 Phil, 476), might as well be repeated:

The object of the solemnities surrounding the execution of wills is to close the door against
bad faith and fraud, to avoid substitution of wills and testaments and to guarantee their truth
and authenticity. Therefore the laws on this subject should be interpreted in such a way as to
attain these primordial ends. But, on the other hand, also one must not lose sight of the fact
that it is not the object of the law to restrain and curtail the exercise of the right to make a
will. So when an interpretation already given assures such ends, any other interpretation
whatsoever, that adds nothing but demands more requisites entirely unnecesary, useless,
and frustrative of the testator's last will, must be disregarded.

In that case the testament was written on one page, and the attestation clause on another. Neither
one of these pages was numbered in any way; and it was held:

In a will consisting of two sheets the first of which contains all the testamentary dispositions
and is signed at the bottom by the testator and three witnesses and the second contains only
the attestation clause and is signed also at the bottom by the three witnesses, it is not
necessary that both sheets be further signed on their margings by the testator and the
witnesses, or be paged.

This means that, according to the particular case, the omission of paging does not necessarily
render the testament invalid.
The law provides that the numbering of the pages should be in letters placed on the upper part of the
sheet, but if the paging should be place din the lower part, would the testament be void for his sole
reason? We believe not. The law also provides that the testator and the witnesses must sign the left
margin of each of the sheets of the testament; but if they should sign on the right margin, would this
fact also annul the testament? Evidently not. This court has already held in Avera vs. Garcia and
Rodriguez (42 Phil., 145): lävvphì1·né+

It is true that the statute says that the testator and the instrumental witnesses shall sign their
names on the left margin of each and every page; and it is undeniable that the general
doctrine is to the effect that all statutory requirements as to the execution of wills must be
fully complied with. The same doctrine is also deducible from cases heretofore decided by
this court

Still some details at times creep into legislative enactments which are so trivial that it would
be absurd to suppose that the Legislature could have attached any decisive importance to
them. The provision to the effect that the signatures of the testator and witnesses shall be
written on the left margin of each page — rather than on the right margin — seems to be of
this character. So far as concerns the authentication of the will, and of every part thereof, it
can make no possible different whether the names appear on the left or on the right margin,
provided they are on one or the other. In Caraig vs. Tatlonghari (R. G. No. 12558, decided
March 23, 1918, not reported), this court declared a will void which was totally lacking in the
signatures required to be written on its several pages; and in the case of Re estate of
Saguinsin (41 Phil., 875), a will was likewise declared void which contained the necessary
signature on the margin of each left (folio), but not on the margin of each page containing
written matter.

We do not desire to intimate that the numbering in letters is a requisite of no importance. But since
its principal object is to give the correlation of the pages, we hold that this object may be attained by
writing "one." "two," "three," etc., well as by writing A, B, C, etc. Following, therefore, the view
maintained by this court in the case of Abangan vs. Abangan, supra, as regards the appreciation of
the solemnities of a testament, we decide that the judgment appealed from must be, as is hereby,
affirmed with costs against the appellant. So ordered.