Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of Bohol
JAGNA DISTRICT
Quarter : 1 Week : 5 Day : 9 Activity No. : 9
Competency: : Describes background of research CS-RS12-Id-e-3
Objective :
Topic : The value of research in the area of interest
Materials :
Reference : DIWA Senior High School Series Practical Research 2 pp68-72
Copyrights : For classroom use only
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Concept Notes:
The Introduction of the Research Study
Chapter 1 of your research study includes the introduction of the topic under investigation. This shows the
significance of your study. As previously discussed. You can conduct research to test previous studies,
provide additional knowledge, give solution to a problem, and make new discoveries. In this section of
your study, you pinpoint the essence of pursuing your research and provide an overview of teh focus of
your study. You highlight important details of interest concerning your topic, which should lead toward
your own reason for choosing to this regard, you should address the features that can contriubute to the
people concerned.
Nature and Background of the Study
Here, you include existing literature, current issues, and present problems and circumstances associated
with the study. Then , you indicate the gaps of knowledge which initiated the need for further
investigation, identifying the particular once which you want to focus on. You must have a thorough
discussion of the problem at hand. You also note the rationale, or the importance of doing the
investigation to strengthen the beneficial purpose of conducting the researches.
Having enough background information will provide a gust of important and relevant research studies
upon which your research problem is based. It will then convey your uderstanding abou the problem you
are investigating, which will set the credibility of your overall anaysis and findings. Last , it will assist
your readers to understand the contexts in which your research problem is related.
The following are the suggested information that you can include in the background of your study:
1. Definition. You may define the concepts or contructs included in your study. Do not forget to cite
the reference from which you have gotten your definition.
2. Cause and effects. When discussing the research problem at hand, you may highlight its causes
and effects to the concerned subjects.
3. Methodology. You may cite the methods used in other researches to address the problem at hand.
4. Historical background. You may mention a notable researches from which your topic is based.
5. Problems/issues. Current issues or problems regarding your specific topic should also be seen in
your background.
6. Comparisons of ideas/methods used. You many compare and contrast the ideas and methods
indicated in previous researches related to your topic.
7. Advantages and/or disadvantages. You may highlight the need for further investigation of you r
topic by presenting its advanatges and disadvantaged aaas cited in previouse researches.
The following are the three suggested steps to follow in writing the nature and background of the
study:
1. Present the general statement of fact related to the study. You may use the definition of terms in
stating general knowledge.
2. Indicate a more specific statement about the issues or problems already proven in other related
researches. You may compare or cotrast the methods and findings discuessed in the related
studies.
3. Use statements that lead to the need for more investigation. You must emphasize the rationale of
doing you research by using statements such as the following:”previous investigations related
hardly provide evidences that may explain the existence of such phenomena; hence , the dearth of
information motivated the researcher to conduct this study.”
Activity
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 MELC BASED MODULE
DEVELOPED BY:JOEVARIE I. JUNIO,SST-II, TUBOD MONTE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of Bohol
JAGNA DISTRICT
As a researcher, you are tasked to make the nature and background of your study on ‘The struggles
that adolescent are experiencing at home, at school and with peers.” Use some of the suggested
information given previously to be included in the background of your study. Your output will be
checked based on the relevance of the information that you have included to the topic that you are
working on. The clarity and coherence of your ideas in written form will likewise be rated.
Quarter : 1 Week : 5 Day : 10 Activity No. : 10
Competency: : States research questions CS-RS12-Id-e-4
Objective :
Topic : The value of research in the area of interest
Materials :
Reference : DIWA Senior High School Series Practical Research 2 p273-74
Copyrights : For classroom use only
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Concept Notes:
Statement of the Problem/Research Question
This section of the introduction concentrates on the issue or problem that the research intendes to
investigate. Usually, the statment of the problem is written in a declarative sentence. Among the most
common formats is as follows;” This stduy will compare, contrast, investigate, described, determine,
examine, develop, clarify, test, or evaluate the issue being studied.”
Example: This study will test the effectiveness of music on the ths spatial reasoning of children so that it
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 MELC BASED MODULE
DEVELOPED BY:JOEVARIE I. JUNIO,SST-II, TUBOD MONTE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Schools Division of Bohol
JAGNA DISTRICT
can be considered as part of teaching stratiegies in this educational level.
In some academuc journals, the statement of the problem and research questions are stated in different
sections; while in some, they use the terms interchangeably. But apparently, when the statement if the
problem is dissected and variables are identified, research questions are made. In the research wuestions,
you further specify the information tha you would like to find out and how would you like it to be
answered. Along this line, the results of your study are the answers to your research questions.
Not all research designs use the term’research questions. Experimental research designs that establish the
cause and effect through the testing of treatment, and quasi-experimental designs that allow to invetigate
natural phenomena to seek and prove a given fact, apply the term”research hypothesis’. The focus of the
study in these types of research design is to test and prove a claim. Hence , the hypothesis is usually
written in a declarative sentence.
Example: An improvement in test scores can be expected when students are allowed to review before
wtitten test.
Meanwhile, surveys and non experimental researches(such as correlational, case studies, causl-
comparative, and acrchical researces) use term”research question” these types of research design aims
to discover and strengthen knowledge by means of answering quetsions; and so, statement are usually in
the interrogative case. However, it is advised to avoid constructing “yes-no” research questions because
this types of questions tends to limit responsed. Thus, it is best to make a wh-h of research questions, for
it will result in more comprehensive answers.
Example:
1. Is there a relationship between rewards and high test scores?
This example is a yes-no format of research questions. This is just answerable with a yes or a no.
Usually, such question is not followed by another question. Therefore, the response is just really
limited. On the otehr hand example 2 follows a wh-h format.
2. What is the degree of relationship between rewards and test scores?
The response is not only limited to a yes-no,but a definite answer that will normally followed
with an explanation. The wh-h type of questioning warrants more explorative way of seekings for
answers.
Purpose/Objective of the study
This part of the introduction is confined with a broader explanation behind the reason for doing
the study. In this section, you also discuss your intention for conducting it. More so, you state the
results that you expect to discover from your study. Usually , your purpose or objective of the
study is related to yourstatement of the problem or hypotheses.
Example : The objective of this study is to determine which of the two coaching styles,
specifically autocratic and participative, will best influence dancers in increasing dance
performance.
Null hypothesis of the study: Either of the two types of coaching style in this study will have no
significant difference on dance performance.
Excerpt from: Castillo,D.B.et al.”Automatic and Particpative Coaching style and its effecrs on the students’ Dance
Performance.” International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 3,no. 1(2014);32-44.
Activity
Compare and contrast the statement of the problem and the purspose of the study.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 MELC BASED MODULE
DEVELOPED BY:JOEVARIE I. JUNIO,SST-II, TUBOD MONTE INTEGRATED SCHOOL
