6(&7,21 

/8%5,&$7,21 6<67(0 '(6&5,37,21

/8%5,&$7,21 6<67(0 '(6&5,37,21 7KH IORZ RI RLO SDVVHV IURP WKH PDLQ EHDULQJ MRXUQDOV
LQWR WKH 7GULOOHG FUDQNVKDIW DQG WKHQ XS WKURXJK GULOOHG
7KH OXEULFDWLRQ V\VWHP FRQVLVWV RI WKH IROORZLQJ FRPSR
SDVVDJHV LQ WKH FRQQHFWLQJ URGV $IWHU OXEULFDWLQJ WKH
QHQWV
FRQQHFWLQJ URG EHDULQJ SLVWRQ SLQ EXVKLQJ DQG SLVWRQ
œ 2LO 3DQ DQG 3LFNXS 6FUHHQ SLQ WKH SUHVVXUL]HG RLO SDVVHV WKURXJK DQ RSHQLQJ LQ WKH
WRS RI WKH URG 7KH RLO VSUD\ H[LWLQJ WKH URG FRROV WKH
œ 2LO 3XPS XQGHUVLGH RI WKH SLVWRQ FURZQ DQG GUDLQV EDFN WR WKH RLO
SDQ
œ 2LO &RROHU
2LO VXSSO\ WXEHV WDSSHG RII WKH LQWHUQDO RLO SDVVDJH
œ 7HPSHUDWXUH &RQWURO 9DOYH OHDGLQJ WR WKH IURQW PDLQ EHDULQJ VXSSO\ D FRQWLQXRXV
VSUD\ RI RLO WR WKH JHDU WUDLQ
œ 3UHVVXUH 5HJXODWLQJ 9DOYH
,QWHUQDO SDVVDJHV LQ WKH FUDQNFDVH FDVWLQJ DOVR GLUHFW
œ )XOO)ORZ /XEH 2LO )LOWHU WKH IORZ RI SUHVVXUL]HG RLO WR WKH FDPVKDIW EHDULQJ
VDGGOHV WR SURYLGH OXEULFDWLRQ RI WKH PDLQ FDPVKDIW
œ )LOWHU 5HOLHI 9DOYHV EHDULQJV EXVKLQJV 2LO IORZV WKURXJK KROHV LQ WKH FDP
EHDULQJ FDSV DQG GRZQ SDVVDJHZD\V LQ WKH YDOYH OLIWHU
œ 2LO 6WUDLQHU KRXVLQJ 7KLV OXEULFDWHV WKH UROOHU IROORZHUV DQG FDP
OREHV DIWHU ZKLFK LW GURSV EDFN WR WKH RLO SDQ
œ ([WHUQDO 3LSLQJ FXVWRPHU VXSSOLHG
$Q H[WHUQDO RLO VXSSO\ OLQH RII WKH PDLQ RLO KHDGHU FDUULHV
35(/8%( 6<67(0 &20321(176 RLO WR D VHSDUDWH H[WHUQDO URFNHU DUP RLO KHDGHU 6XSSO\
œ 3UHOXEH 3XPS DQG 3UHOXEH 0RWRU WXEHV IURP WKH URFNHU DUP RLO KHDGHU GLUHFW WKH IORZ RI RLO
WR WKH URFNHU DUP DVVHPEOLHV DQG YDOYHV
œ 3UHOXEH 3XVKEXWWRQ 9DOYH ([FHVV RLO GUDLQV GRZQ D FRUHG SDVVDJH LQ WKH F\OLQGHU
KHDG DQG UXQV GRZQ WKH RXWVLGH RI WKH SXVKURG WXEHV WR
œ 3LORW2SHUDWHG 3UHOXEH 9DOYH
D GUDLQDJH SDVVDJH LQ WKH YDOYH OLIWHU JXLGHV 7KH
œ ,QOLQH /XEULFDWRU SDVVDJH GLUHFWV WKH IORZ RI RLO WR D GUDLQDJH KROH LQ WKH
YDOYH OLIWHU KRXVLQJ ZKHUH LW IORZV EDFN WR WKH RLO SDQ YLD
œ 2LO 3UHVVXUH *DXJH WKH FDPVKDIW UHFHVV

,17(51$/ 2,/ &21752/ 7KH IORZ RI SUHVVXUL]HG RLO WKURXJK WKH IL[HG YDOYH OLIWHU
VFUHZV RI WKH URFNHU DUP DVVHPEOLHV DOVR VXSSOLHV RLO WR
7KH PDLQ RLO KHDGHU LV DQ LQWHJUDO SDUW RI WKH FUDQNFDVH WKH OLIWHUV ZKHUH WKH H[FHVV RLO MRLQV WKH IORZ IURP WKH
FDVWLQJ VHH )LJXUH  ,QWHUQDO SDVVDJHV LQ WKH FRUHG SDVVDJH LQ WKH F\OLQGHU KHDG
FUDQNFDVH GLUHFW WKH IORZ RI SUHVVXUL]HG RLO WR WKH PDLQ
7KH IORZ RI SUHVVXUL]HG RLO WKURXJK WKH H[WHUQDO V\VWHP
EHDULQJV YLD GULOOLQJV LQ WKH PDLQ EHDULQJ VDGGOHV
LV GHSLFWHG LQ )LJXUH 

)250  )LUVW (GLWLRQ   

/8%5,&$7,21 6<67(0 '(6&5,37,21

&25('
3$66$*(

&</,1'(5
+($' 386+52'
78%(

785%2&+$5*(5

72 6803
52&.(5 $50
2,/ +($'(5

&$06+$)7
72 6803
0$*1(7,&
3/8*

&+(&. 0$*1(7,&
9$/9( 3/8*

&+(&.
9$/9(
72
6803

635$< 12==/(6

*($5
75$,1

)5217 0$,1
%($5,1* &$3

/8%( 2,/
675$,1(5

,17(51$/
2,/ +($'(5

0$,1
&5$1.6+$)7 %($5,1*

)LJXUH  ,QWHUQDO 2LO )ORZ 6\VWHP

   )250  )LUVW (GLWLRQ

 /8%5,&$7,21 6<67(0 '(6&5,37,21

),1$/ /8%(
2,/ 675$,1(5
127( FXVWRPHU SLSLQJ

2,/ 3803 ',6&+$5*( +286,1*

(1*,1(
2,/ 3803
5(/,() 9$/9(

(1*,1( /8%(
2,/ 3803

2,/ 35(6685(
&21752/ 9$/9(
$'-867 ,1 ),(/' 35(/8%( 3803
&+(&. 9$/9(
$7 23(5$7,1*
7(03(5$785(

7(03(5$785(
&21752/ 9$/9(

$
& %

2,/
),/7(5

2,/ &22/(5

)LJXUH  ([WHUQDO 2LO 6\VWHP 6FKHPDWLF

)250  )LUVW (GLWLRQ   

/8%5,&$7,21 6<67(0 '(6&5,37,21

2,/ 3$1 $1' 3,&.83 6&5((1

7KH ERWWRP RI WKH FUDQNFDVH LV HQFORVHG E\ WKH RLO SDQ
7KH RLO SXPS GUDZV RLO IURP WKH ORZHVW SRLQW LQ WKH RLO SDQ
DQG GHOLYHUV LW WR WKH RLO FRROHU 7KH RLO SLFNXS VFUHHQ
VHH )LJXUH  SUHYHQWV IRUHLJQ PDWHULDO LQ WKH RLO
SDQ IURP HQWHULQJ WKH OXEH RLO FLUFXLW

2,/ 3$1 $1' 3,&.83

6&5((1 $66(0%/<

2,/ 3803

)LJXUH  */ 2LO 3XPS

2,/ 3803

)LJXUH   &\OLQGHU (QJLQH 2LO 3DQ $QG 3LFNXS

6FUHHQ $VVHPEO\

2,/ 3803
7KH OXEH RLO SXPS JHDUGULYHQ E\ WKH JHDU WUDLQ LV
H[WHUQDOO\ PRXQWHG 2Q  DQG  F\OLQGHU HQJLQHV WKH
RLO SXPS LV ORFDWHG RQ WKH IURQW RI WKH HQJLQH EHORZ WKH
FUDQNVKDIW VHH )LJXUH  2Q */ HQJLQHV
WKH RLO SXPS LV ORFDWHG RQ WKH IURQW OHIW VLGH RI HQJLQH RQ
WKH EDFN VLGH RI WKH JHDU KRXVLQJ VHH )LJXUH 
2Q  F\OLQGHU HQJLQHV WKH RLO SXPS LV ORFDWHG RQ WKH
ULJKW UHDU RI WKH HQJLQH PRXQWHG RQ WKH IO\ZKHHO
KRXVLQJ VHH )LJXUH 

2,/ 3803

)LJXUH   &\OLQGHU (QJLQH 2LO 3XPS

*8$5'6 5(029('
)25 &/$5,7<

)LJXUH   $QG  &\OLQGHU (QJLQH 2LO 3XPS 

 &\OLQGHU 6KRZQ

   )250  )LUVW (GLWLRQ

 /8%5,&$7,21 6<67(0 '(6&5,37,21

2,/ &22/(5 2,/ 675$,1(5

127( 7KH RLO FRROHU DVVHPEO\ LV VKLSSHG ORRVH RQ  7KH OXEH RLO VWUDLQHU FRQWDLQV RQH E\SDVV SUHVVXUH UHOLHI
DQG  F\OLQGHU HQJLQHV DQG PXVW EH HLWKHU VNLG RU YDOYH $ SUHVVXUH GLIIHUHQWLDO RI  SVL  N3D RSHQV
UHPRWH PRXQWHG E\ WKH FXVWRPHU 7KH DVVHPEO\ WKH YDOYH DQG DOORZV WKH RLO IORZ WR E\SDVV WKH VWUDLQHU
FRQVLVWV RI WKH RLO FRROHU WHPSHUDWXUH FRQWURO YDOYH DQG HOHPHQW HQURXWH WR WKH PDLQ RLO KHDGHU VHH
SUHVVXUH UHJXODWLQJ YDOYH )LJXUH 

7KH RLO FRROHU VHH )LJXUH  LV D WXEH DQG EDIIOH

W\SH DVVHPEO\ &RRODQW LV SXPSHG WKURXJK WKH FRROHU E\
WKH DX[LOLDU\ ZDWHU SXPS :KLOH WKH FRRODQW IORZV
WKURXJK D EXQGOH RI WXEHV LQ WKH RLO FRROHU WKH OXEH RLO
FLUFXODWHV DURXQG WKHP +HDW IURP WKH RLO SDVVHV
WKURXJK WKH WXEHV WR WKH FRRODQW ZKLFK FDUULHV LW WR D KHDW
WUDQVIHU GHYLFH IRU GLVVLSDWLRQ

2,/
675$,1(5

2,/ &22/(5

)LJXUH  2LO &RROHU   &\OLQGHU (QJLQH 6KRZQ

7KHUPRVWDWLF YDOYHV DUH HQFORVHG LQ D KRXVLQJ

PRXQWHG DW WKH RLO FRROHU RXWOHW VHH )LJXUH 

)LJXUH  /XEH 2LO 6WUDLQHU 

*/ (QJLQH 6KRZQ

)250  )LUVW (GLWLRQ   

/8%5,&$7,21 6<67(0 '(6&5,37,21

6+872)) 9$/9(
 IW  P 0$;,080

 LQ  PP
'5$,1 &211(&7,21
 LQ  PP
6833/<
 LQ  PP
0,1,080 $%29(
2,/ /(9(/

&86720(5 6833/,('

)LJXUH  0,&5263,1Z &HQWULIXJH $VVHPEO\

0,&5263,1¹ &/($1$%/( /8%( 2,/ ),/7(5,1*

6<67(0
7KH 0,&5263,1É FOHDQDEOH OXEH RLO ILOWHULQJ V\VWHP
FRQVLVWV RI WZR PDMRU FRPSRQHQWV FOHDQDEOH RLO ILOWHU
HOHPHQWV VHH )LJXUH  DQG D FHQWULIXJH XVLQJ 9+3  LQ

D UHPRYDEOH SDSHU LQVHUW VHH )LJXUH  7KH

0,&5263,1É V\VWHP FOHDQDEOH ILOWHU HOHPHQWV DUH
LQVWDOOHG LQ WKH H[LVWLQJ OXEH RLO ILOWUDWLRQ FDQLVWHU 7KH
FHQWULIXJH LV LQVWDOOHG DV D E\SDVV V\VWHP ZRUNLQJ LQ
FRQMXQFWLRQ ZLWK WKH FOHDQDEOH ILOWHU HOHPHQWV 7KH
FHQWULIXJH LV GULYHQ E\ WKH HQJLQH·V RLO SUHVVXUH 7KH
VSLQQLQJ DFWLRQ RI WKH FHQWULIXJH·V LQWHUQDO WXUELQH 9+3  LQ

DVVHPEO\ GHYHORSV D IRUFH WKDW H[FHHGV  *·V

ZKLFK FRPSDFWV WKH FRQWDPLQDQWV DJDLQVW WKH WXUELQH·V
KRXVLQJ 7KH FHQWULIXJH ZLOO UHPRYH RLO FRQWDPLQDWLQJ
SDUWLFOHV DV VPDOO DV  PLFURQV 7KH FOHDQDEOH ILOWHU
HOHPHQWV UHPRYH UHPDLQLQJ SDUWLFOHV DV VPDOO DV 
PLFURQV DEVROXWH 7KH 0,&5263,1É V\VWHP LV PRUH
)LJXUH  &OHDQDEOH 2LO )LOWHU (OHPHQWV  $OO
9+3 $7 )* )* $QG 9*) 9HH (QJLQHV
HQYLURQPHQWDOO\ IULHQGO\ WKDQ V\VWHPV WKDW XWLOL]H GLV
SRVDEOH HOHPHQWV &OHDQLQJ WKH HOHPHQWV HOLPLQDWHV
WKH H[SHQVH RI UHSODFHPHQW HOHPHQWV DQG WKH FRVW RI
KD]DUGRXV ZDVWH GLVSRVDO 5HIHU WR 6HUYLFH %XOOHWLQ
% RU ODWHVW UHYLVLRQ IRU IXUWKHU LQIRUPDWLRQ

   )250  )LUVW (GLWLRQ

 /8%5,&$7,21 6<67(0 '(6&5,37,21

35(/8%( 386+%87721 9$/9( $,5*$6

02817,1*
7KH DLUJDV VXSSO\ IURP WKH EXONKHDG LV FRQQHFWHG WR WKH %5$&.(7
,1/(7

WKH SXVKEXWWRQ YDOYH VHH )LJXUH  'HSUHVVLQJ ,1/,1(

WKH SUHOXEH SXVKEXWWRQ DFWLYDWHV WKH SUHOXEH IXQFWLRQ 35(/8%(

/8%5,&$725
3803

)URP WKH EXONKHDG DOO JDV YHQWHG IURP WKH V\VWHP

PXVW EH SLSHG WR D VDIH DUHD LQ FRQIRUPDQFH ZLWK DOO
DSSOLFDEOH FRGHV ,PSURSHU YHQWLQJ PD\ UHVXOW LQ $,5*$6 9(17
&86720(5
VHYHUH SHUVRQDO LQMXU\ RU GHDWK 72 2,/ 3803 &211(&7,21

35(/8%(
02725

)LJXUH  3UHOXEH 0RWRU3XPS $VVHPEO\ 

67$57
35(/8%( 6LPLODU $OO (QJLQHV

35(/8%( 9$/9(
7KH SUHOXEH YDOYH RSHQV WR DGPLW DLU IURP D EUDQFK RI WKH
PDLQ DLUJDV VXSSO\ OLQH ZKLFK WXUQV WKH SUHOXEH SXPS DLU
PRWRU WR DFWLYDWH WKH SUHOXEH SXPS VHH )LJXUH 

67$57(5 5(029('
,*1,7,21 )25 &/$5,7<

)LJXUH  3UHOXEH 3XVKEXWWRQ 9DOYH

35(/8%( 380302725
35(/8%( 9$/9(
2LO GUDLQV EDFN LQWR WKH
RLO VXPS DIWHU HQJLQH
VKXWGRZQ OHDYLQJ D PLQLPDO DPRXQW RI RLO DW NH\
ZHDU SRLQWV 6LQFH WKH FUDQNVKDIW VWDUWV WR WXUQ
EHIRUH WKH RLO SXPS EHJLQV WR FLUFXODWH RLO IDLOXUH WR
02817,1*
SUHOXEH WKH HQJLQH ZLOO UHVXOW LQ ´GU\µ VWDUWV %5$&.(7
UHVXOWLQJ LQ EHDULQJ GDPDJH DQG DQ DFFHOHUDWHG
ZHDU UDWH

7KH IXQFWLRQ RI WKH SUHOXEH SXPSPRWRU LV WR SXUJH WKH

OXEULFDWLRQ V\VWHP RI DLU DQG WR HQVXUH WKDW DOO PRYLQJ
SDUWV HVSHFLDOO\ WKH WXUERFKDUJHUV DUH SURSHUO\ OXEUL
)LJXUH  3UHOXEH 9DOYH 
FDWHG EHIRUH WKH HQJLQH LV VWDUWHG VHH )LJXUH 
 &\OLQGHU (QJLQH 6KRZQ

)250  )LUVW (GLWLRQ   

/8%5,&$7,21 6<67(0 '(6&5,37,21

,1/,1( /8%5,&$725

,I KLJK SUHVVXUH JDV LV XVHG WR GULYH WKH DLUJDV SUHOXEH

SXPS PRWRU YHQW WKH PRWRU H[KDXVW WR D VDIH DUHD LQ
FRQIRUPDQFH ZLWK DOO DSSOLFDEOH FRGHV ,PSURSHU
YHQWLQJ PD\ UHVXOW LQ VHYHUH SHUVRQDO LQMXU\ RU GHDWK

127( 7KH DLUJDV VWDUWLQJ V\VWHP DOVR KDV D OXEULFD

WLRQ UHVHUYRLU 6HH 6WDUWLQJ 6\VWHPV IRU LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ
WKLV UHVHUYRLU
7KH LQOLQH OXEULFDWRU LQMHFWV RLO LQWR D VWUHDP RI FRPSUHVVHG
DLUJDV WR DXWRPDWLFDOO\ SURYLGH WKH SURSHU LQWHUQDO OXEULFD
WLRQ IRU WKH YDQHV RI WKH DLUJDV RSHUDWHG SUHOXEH SXPS
PRWRU VHH )LJXUH 

,1/,1(
/8%5,&$725

)LJXUH  ,QOLQH /XEULFDWRU

   )250  )LUVW (GLWLRQ